Climate variation alters the synchrony of host–parasitoid interactions

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(20), P. 8578 - 8587

Published: Sept. 14, 2017

Abstract Observed changes in mean temperature and increased frequency of extreme climate events have already impacted the distributions phenologies various organisms, including insects. Although some research has examined how parasitoids will respond to colder temperatures or experimental warming, we know relatively little about variation humidity could affect interactions between their hosts. Using a study system consisting emerald ash borer ( EAB ), Agrilus planipennis , its egg parasitoid Oobius agrili conducted environmentally controlled laboratory experiments investigate seasonal affected synchrony host–parasitoid interactions. We hypothesized that would lead decreases host survival, fecundity, percent parasitism (independent density), while also influencing diapause parasitoids. was reared environmental chambers under four treatments (standard deviations 1.24, 3.00, 3.60, 4.79°C), O . were same using 4 × 3 design (four densities). found fecundity negatively associated with altered temporal laying distribution Additionally, even moderate increases emergence times, decreasing survival. Furthermore, positively variation. Our findings indicate small severity potential phenologically isolate emerging from eggs, which absence alternative hosts localized extinctions. More broadly, these results change life history parameters insects, implications for consumer–resource stability biological control.

Language: Английский

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Are traded forest tree seeds a potential source of nonnative pests?

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(7)

Published: July 14, 2019

The international seed trade is considered relatively safe from a phytosanitary point of view and therefore less regulated than in other plants for planting. However, the pests carried by traded seeds are not well known. We assessed insects fungi 58 lots 11 gymnosperm angiosperm tree species North America, Europe, Asia. Insects were detected X-raying molecular methods. fungal community was characterized using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) growing on non-selective agar. About 30% contained insect larvae. Gymnosperms mostly hymenopteran (Megastigmus spp.) dipteran (Cecidomyiidae) larvae, while angiosperms lepidopteran (Cydia latiferreana) coleopteran (Curculio HTS indicated presence all grew agar 96% lots. Fungal abundance diversity much higher abundance, especially seeds. Almost 50% exact sequence variants (ESVs) found potential pathogens, comparison with around potentially pathogenic ESVs gymnosperms. results this study indicate that may pose greater risk pest introduction previously believed or accounted for. A rapid assessment suggests only small number identified concern. more research needed to enable better assessment, increase knowledge about transmission seedlings host range impact species.

Language: Английский

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Are native ranges of the most destructive invasive pests well known? A case study of the native range of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 1275 - 1286

Published: Nov. 15, 2017

Language: Английский

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Convergent molecular evolution among ash species resistant to the emerald ash borer

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 1116 - 1128

Published: May 25, 2020

Language: Английский

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Emerald Ash Borer Approaches the Borders of the European Union and Kazakhstan and Is Confirmed to Infest European Ash

Forests, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 691 - 691

Published: May 27, 2021

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, native to East Asia, is an invasive pest of in North America and European Russia. This quarantine species a threat trees all over Europe. Survey ten provinces Russia 2019–2020 showed that EAB had spread faster farther than was previously thought. The new infested sites were first detected St. Petersburg (110–120 km from the EU border: Estonia, Finland) Astrakhan Province (50 Kazakhstan border). current range Europe includes Luhansk Ukraine 18 Russia: Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Kaluga, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Orel, Ryazan, Smolensk, Petersburg, Tambov, Tula, Tver, Vladimir, Volgograd, Voronezh, Yaroslavl. Within these, only seven phytosanitary zones five are declared by National Plant Protection Organization not found regions along Middle Volga: Mari El, Chuvash Tatarstan republics, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara Saratov provinces. Lower Volga basin enclaves separated core invasion 470 370 km, correspondingly. It possible can appear cities Eastern far known range. All infestations green (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), which introduced America, individual (F. excelsior). A confirmed case mass decline several thousand EAB-infested Moscow province provided. Therefore, there no more doubt under certain conditions seriously damage forests.

Language: Английский

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Southern Range Expansion of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis, in Russia Threatens Ash and Olive Trees in the Middle East and Southern Europe

Forests, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 541 - 541

Published: March 30, 2022

Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is the most serious invasive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp., Oleaceae) in world. It has not yet reached range olive tree plantations, however it been shown to complete its life cycle this host tree. This native East Asia was first found Europe Moscow 2003 and spreading ever since. The aims study were determine if southern border already Caucasus assess potential region based on availability heat availability. In 2021, we surveyed south known Russia. We did find six cities North but city Azov close Caucasus. Analysis information about 550 localities showed that Fraxinus spp. common throughout region. calculation annual growing degree days base 10 °C indicated places where grow above 1500 m are too cold for A. therefore could potentially become a refuge trees. spread concern. First, forest ecosystems endangered, since European excelsior much more there than currently infested regions Second, Russian can gateway Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey other countries Middle Southern Europe. propose using angustifolia, F. ornus Olea europaea adjacent as sentinel monitoring risk assessment these species.

Language: Английский

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Modelling the potential range of Agrilus planipennis in Europe according to current and future climate conditions

Trees Forests and People, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 100559 - 100559

Published: April 23, 2024

Agrilus planipennis, the emerald ash borer, is a species native to East Asia that was accidentally introduced North America and Eastern Europe.In America, it responsible for tremendous damage.In Europe, its range has quickly expanded from east where in 2003, threatens of genus Fraxinus.We developed an ensemble modelling approach model potential A. planipennis according current climate conditions four scenarios change: SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0SSP5-8.5 period 2041-2060.We used three algorithms; random forest, boosted regression trees Bayesian additive with occurrence data both invaded ranges.The results indicate most European continent climatically suitable planipennis.In Western northern limit located British Isles southern Scandinavia.The projection models estimates future shows suitability would mostly remain unchanged 2041-2060.During period, expected slightly shrink south, around Mediterranean Basin, expand at limit.Our confirm is, will remain, major threat forest ornamental tree health across Europe.

Language: Английский

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Virulence of Hymenoscyphus albidus and H. fraxineus on Fraxinus excelsior and F. pennsylvanica

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. e0141592 - e0141592

Published: Oct. 30, 2015

European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is currently battling an onslaught of dieback, a disease emerging in the greater part its native area, brought about by introduction ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (= pseudoalbidus). The closely-related fungus albidus, which indigenous to Europe, non-pathogenic when contact with F. excelsior, but could pose potential risk exotic Fraxinus species. North American green pennsylvanica) planted widely throughout Europe and regenerates naturally within this environment little known susceptibility species dieback. We performed wound inoculations both fungi (nine strains H. three albidus) on rachises stems excelsior pennsylvanica under field conditions Southern Poland. Necrosis formation was evaluated after two months 12 stems. After inoculation only small lesions (of up 1.3 cm length) developed rachises, no significant distinction from controls. albidus did not cause necrotic either In contrast, induced necroses all inoculated mean lengths 8.4 (F. 1.9 pennsylvanica). Necroses also (mean length 18.0 cm), whereas such occurred 5% cm). differences between were negligible. No observed control plants. Reisolations successful around 8–11% cases, while reisolated 50–70% organs showing lesions. None isolated Our data confirm fraxineus' high virulence regards demonstrate low relation express any perceivable pathogenicity host

Language: Английский

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Trade-offs in parasitism efficiency and brood size mediate parasitoid coexistence, with implications for biological control of the invasive emerald ash borer

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 52(5), P. 1255 - 1263

Published: June 29, 2015

Summary Parasitoids often are selected for use as biological control agents because of their high host specificity, yet such specificity can result in strong interspecific competition. Few studies have examined whether and how various extrinsic factors (such parasitism efficiency, i.e. the ability to optimize host‐finding attack rates) influence outcome competition between parasitoids, even though they could profound effects on implementation classical programmes. To determine potential coexistence suppression efficacy, we compared by two larval parasitoids ( Tetrastichus planipennisi Spathius galinae ) invasive emerald ash borer EAB Agrilus planipennis , under different densities, parasitoid plant sizes parasitoid–host ratios. had significantly higher efficiency (≈4 times), but lower brood size (>6 times) than that T. . The rates hosts increased with density, whereas density did not affect multiparasitism. rate small logs was large logs, while (log) no significant impact S. parasitism. multiparasitism rather low regardless log parasitoid/host indicating intrinsic species might seldom occur field. therefore coexist same habitat, any adverse populations caused competitive behaviour would likely be negligible. Synthesis applications Our findings suggest introducing multiple parasitic natural enemies feasible management species, it is important examine simultaneously when evaluating them. Among these factors, found mediated trade‐offs sizes. Thus, differences life‐history traits used select among being considered releases.

Language: Английский

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Modeling long‐distance dispersal of emerald ash borer in European Russia and prognosis of spread of this pest to neighboring countries within next 5 years

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(18), P. 9295 - 9304

Published: Aug. 24, 2018

To develop an approach to model the spatial dynamics of emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in European Russia. This tree-killing pest was detected Moscow 15 years ago and began spread, posing a threat ashes all over Europe. The aim determine its probable current range evaluate probability dispersal neighboring countries within next 5 years.Cities transport hubs Russia countries. Ash trees this region occur mainly urban plantations along highways.Pairwise distances between locations were used as main parameter determining spread. For each location, detection A. calculated using three simulation recurrent models long-distance dispersal. Parametrization made by comparison with results surveys 2003-2015. Field data on 2016-2017 mapped for verification. A prognosis spread 2022 made.A based fat-tailed kernel corresponds both negative positive surveys. According model, is likely be restricted Russia, but east Belarus, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania 15%-40%.The forestry services probably have about prepare invasion pest, regular are necessary, since can appear at any time. case considered shows that simple just one parameter-pairwise distance cities-can modeling alien pests plantations.

Language: Английский

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