What are the 100 most cited fungal genera?

Studies in Mycology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Ash dieback: From Asia to Europe

Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73(4), P. 741 - 759

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Abstract Ash dieback is a disease caused by the fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus . Since its emergence in 1990s, this pandemic has spread throughout much of native range host species, European ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ). Where present, it can kill up to 85% trees. The loss these trees had an enormous impact, particularly Britain and Ireland where they formed integral component wood farmland, supporting complex communities other species. Thanks part widespread public interest, also large political leading changes management plant diseases. Now, three decades after disease, ambitious projects breed tolerant plants, evidence natural selection for resistance, give hope recovery ash. aim review provide overview history pandemic, from current efforts mitigate effects. We discuss wide body research that led our understanding disease. question which aspects have holding particular interest public. With focus on islands Ireland, we how driven diseases, may control emerging pathogens future.

Language: Английский

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The viability of a breeding programme for ash in the British Isles in the face of ash dieback

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 29 - 40

Published: July 17, 2019

Societal Impact Statement The current ash dieback epidemic in Europe caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus poses a key question to policy makers: whether or not commit time and resources the initiation of breeding programme for development more resistant ash, as long‐term adaptation epidemic. Here we review evidence on potential viability such programme, from biological perspective. We conclude that aimed at resistance strains H . British Isles is biologically feasible. Summary To evaluate feasibility future produce trees an emerging pest pathogen, it helpful ask following questions: How much variation exists tree populations? what extent this heritable? many genetic loci are involved? What level found other species same genus? Here, survey knowledge these issues relation degree European ( Fraxinus excelsior ) , fungus causing (ADB). Several studies have low frequency heritable F. populations, which seems be determined loci. This suggests viable natural selection may also increase mean populations over time. More research needed basis ADB understand how quickly can operate woodlands acceleration possible programmes, including via use markers. Hybrid programmes possibility, some appear than but issue. do yet know if will breed both threat emerald borer. recommend short‐term mitigation measures directions.

Language: Английский

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Fungal endophytes in Fraxinus excelsior petioles and their in vitro antagonistic potential against the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 126961 - 126961

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Fungal communities associated with species of Fraxinus tolerant to ash dieback, and their potential for biological control

Fungal Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 122(2-3), P. 110 - 120

Published: Nov. 21, 2017

Language: Английский

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A role for the asexual spores in infection of Fraxinus excelsior by the ash-dieback fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Oct. 3, 2016

Abstract The invasive pathogen, ash dieback fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus , is spreading rapidly across Europe. It shows high levels of outcrossing and limited population structure, even at the epidemic front. anamorphic (asexual) form produces prolific conidia, thought to function solely as spermatia (male gametes), facilitating gene flow between sympatric strains. Here, we show that conidia are capable germination on leaves in vitro can infect seedlings via or soil. In leaves, germlings structures resembling fruiting bodies. Additionally, H. colonises debris grows soil absence tissues. We propose an amended life-cycle which wind-dispersed, insect-vectored water-spread may sporulate planta, well forest debris. This amplifies inoculum different strains stands. combination with their spermatia, thus act maximise strains, including those originally present low inoculum. Such mixing increases evolutionary potential, enhancing likelihood introgression from closely-related assimilation further genetic diversity parental Asian populations. scenario adaptability new climates and, indeed, onto host species.

Language: Английский

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The susceptibility of Asian, European and North American Fraxinus species to the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus reflects their phylogenetic history

European Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 136(1), P. 59 - 73

Published: Nov. 10, 2016

In Europe, common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is being decimated because of the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. its native range in Asia this ascomycete considered a harmless leaf associate F. mandshurica and chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla. Field observations from Europe suggest that there species-specific variation disease susceptibility among European North American Fraxinus species, but wider comparison at genus level has been missing so far. We assessed symptoms pathogen apothecium development 17 species Asia, America exposed to high infection pressure Danish arboretum. also tested their through controlled stem inoculations subsequently DNA by qPCR assay. The results suggested presence phylogenetic signal where closely related Asian, section had relatively levels H. fraxineus leaves supported production apothecia. Leaves some contained DNA, moderate apothecia developed lesions—stating need avoid introduction America.

Language: Английский

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Ash dieback due toHymenoscyphus fraxineus: what can be learnt from evolutionary ecology?

Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 65(7), P. 1056 - 1070

Published: April 10, 2016

The future existence of common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ), an important tree species throughout temperate Europe, is threatened. An invasive fungal disease (ash dieback) has spread through much the distribution area ash. causal agent Hymenoscyphus fraxineus , a necrotrophic ascomycete, most probably introduced from Asia in early 1990s. infects trees and saplings their leaves, which it grows into stem. fungus was studied intensively recent years but there still need to address topic evolutionary perspective. In this overview, some key aspects dieback are discussed, Red Queen dynamics host–pathogen interactions probable consequences for virulence evolution multiple infections. progression Europe does not show spatial differences, studies variation susceptibility within host populations, consequence genetic thus providing material resistance or tolerance. Breeding programmes maintain diversity enable withstand further threats such as climate change emerald borer. Because H. reproduces exclusively sexually, pathogen likely overcome narrow resistance. introduction strains movement infected plant should be avoided. This case study shows that integration ecology considerations would benefit management biosecurity general.

Language: Английский

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Ten important forest fungal pathogens: a review on their emergence and biology

Mycosphere, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 612 - 671

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Plant pathogenic fungi and fungus-like taxa (oomycetes) form part of the ecological makeup healthy natural forest ecosystems.Some help to eliminate unhealthy trees, while others are essential for conservation plant species diversity, particularly soil-borne pathogens.However, many fungal pathogens also have devastating effects on ecosystems.Disease impacts more profound when newly emerge these can even wipe out an entire tree population.These organisms developed a plethora strategies colonize infect plants there several factors causing emerge.Therefore, prevent emerging diseases, thorough understanding them is necessary.It important comprehensive mechanisms disease development propagation design effective control measures.In this review, we describe phenomenon reemerging by exemplifying ten recently emerged taxa, namely, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, Ceratocystis fimbriata, Fusarium circinatum, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, Phyllosticta citricarpa, Neonectria faginata, Sphaerulina musiva, Phytophthora pluvialis, P. agathidicida, Melampsora × columbiana.They been listed in order most cited least based data obtained from Web Science.We provide review each document its emergence negative impact host(s).We revise their taxonomic placement, host country details, updated phylogenetic trees genus.The number accepted molecular provided.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenicity of fungi associated with ash dieback towardsFraxinus excelsior

Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 66(8), P. 1228 - 1238

Published: Dec. 28, 2016

A large part of the area in Europe which Fraxinus excelsior is native currently affected by ash dieback, a threatening disease caused ascomycetous fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus . Fungi other than H. also occur numbers on stems dying trees. To clarify their possible role dieback process, six fungal species common and twigs Poland, i.e. Cytospora pruinosa , Diaporthe eres Diplodia mutila Fusarium avenaceum F. lateritium solani were tested for pathogenicity using test based artificial wound inoculations 6‐year‐old plants under field conditions, with included comparison. There significant differences index among fungi tested. (mean 5.78) was most pathogenic. (4.23) C. (4.02) significantly less pathogenic but more fungi. (2.43), (1.92), (1.86) (1.08) least ( P < 0.0001). The extent symptoms statistically similar to control = 0.05). All successfully reisolated from inoculated stems. contribution results understanding these process particularly trees weakened after primary infection discussed.

Language: Английский

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