The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus: a global invader and a successful case of classical biological control

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 92(1), P. 107 - 115

Published: Sept. 20, 2018

Language: Английский

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The Essential Role of Taxonomic Expertise in the Creation of DNA Databases for the Identification and Delimitation of Southeast Asian Ambrosia Beetle Species (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini)

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

DNA holds great potential for species identification and efforts to create a database of all animals plants currently contains >7.5 million sequences representing ~300,000 species. This promise universally applicable tool suggests that morphologically based tools taxonomists will soon not have utility. Here we demonstrate DNA-based is reliable without the contributions taxonomic experts. We use ambrosia beetles (Xyleborini), which are known diversity as well global invasions damage, test case. Recent xyleborine introductions caused major economic ecological losses, thus timely identifications new invaders necessary. need hampered by paucity fauna only moderately documented. To help alleviate deficiencies in their identification, created COI CAD barcode databases (490 429 specimens), over half Southeast Asia (165/316 species). Taxonomic experts identified on original descriptions type specimens. Tree, distance, iterative methods were used assess delimitation High intra- interspecific distances observed congeneric attributed beetle's inbreeding system. Neither two markers provided 100% success but with neighbor-joining tree-based method, 80% both genes. As delimitation, an obvious gap between differences was observed. Correspondence distance-based groups morphology-based poor. In demonstration taxonomy, constructed parsimony-based phylogenies using genera. Although clades resolved or supported, better explanations boundaries light morphological sequence differences. Confident demonstrated 10–12% and/or >2–3% CAD. Involvement from start this project essential creation stable foundation general, role barcoding cannot be underestimated further discussed.

Language: Английский

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Important Insect and Disease Threats to United States Tree Species and Geographic Patterns of Their Potential Impacts

Forests, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 304 - 304

Published: April 2, 2019

Diseases and insects, particularly those that are non-native invasive, arguably pose the most destructive threat to North American forests. Currently, both exotic native insects diseases producing extensive ecological damage economic impacts. As part of an effort identify United States tree species forests vulnerable these epidemics, we compiled a list serious insect disease threats for 419 assigned severity rating each 1378 combinations between mature hosts 339 distinct agents. We then joined this with data from spatially unbiased nationally consistent forest inventory assess potential impacts infestations. Specifically, host mortality host/agent combination was used weight importance values on approximately 132,000 Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) plots across conterminous 48 States. When summed plot, weighted represent estimate proportion plot’s existing value at risk being lost. These plot estimates were statistically significant geographic hotspots coldspots associated in total, different agent types. In general, greater West, where there fewer agents less diverse The impact invasive agents, however, potentially East. Indeed, current pests could be greatly magnified much Eastern if able reach entirety their hosts’ ranges. Both agent/host severities explicit results can inform species-level vulnerability assessments broad-scale sustainability reporting efforts, should provide valuable information decision-makers who need determine which locations target monitoring efforts pro-active management activities.

Language: Английский

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Worldwide tests of generic attractants, a promising tool for early detection of non-native cerambycid species

NeoBiota, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 169 - 209

Published: May 18, 2023

A large proportion of the insects which have invaded new regions and countries are emerging species, being found for first time outside their native range. Being able to detect such species upon arrival at ports entry before they establish in non-native is an urgent challenge. The deployment traps baited with broad-spectrum semiochemical lures ports-of-entry other high-risk sites could be one early detection tool. Rapid progress identification semiochemicals cerambycid beetles during last 15 years has revealed that aggregation-sex pheromones sex often conserved global levels genera, tribes or subfamilies Cerambycidae. This possibly allows development generic attractants attract multiple simultaneously, especially when combined into blends. Here, we present results a worldwide field trial programme conducted 2018–2021, using standardised 8-pheromone blend, usually complemented plant volatiles. total 1308 were deployed 302 covering simultaneously sequentially 13 European countries, 10 Chinese provinces some USA, Canada, Australia, Russia (Siberia) Caribbean (Martinique). We intended test following hypotheses: 1) if regularly trapped significant numbers by blend on continent, it increases probability can detected arrives countries/continents 2) exerts effective, attraction likely previously unknown unexpected captured due high degree conservation pheromone structures within related taxa. 78,321 longhorned trapped, representing 376 from eight subfamilies, 84 greater than 50 individuals. Captures comprised 60 tribes, including more nine different continents. Some invasive both demonstrates potential multipheromone as effective tools ‘unexpected’ invaders, accidentally translocated ranges. Adding analogous well-conserved motifs discussed, well limitations blends, taxa may attracted trap colour characteristics rather chemical blend.

Language: Английский

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Approaches to Forecasting Damage by Invasive Forest Insects and Pathogens: A Cross-Assessment

BioScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73(2), P. 85 - 111

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract Nonnative insects and pathogens pose major threats to forest ecosystems worldwide, greatly diminishing the ecosystem services trees provide. Given high global diversity of arthropod microbial species, their often unknown biological features or even identities, ease accidental transport, there is an urgent need better forecast most likely species cause damage. Several risk assessment approaches have been proposed implemented guide preventative measures. However, underlying assumptions each approach rarely explicitly identified critically evaluated. We propose that evaluating implicit assumptions, optimal usages, advantages limitations could help improve combined utility. consider four general categories: using prior pest status in native previously invaded regions; statistical patterns traits gene sequences associated with a impact; sentinel other plantings expose native, nonnative, experimental settings; laboratory assays detached plant parts seedlings under controlled conditions. evaluate how what conditions are best met methods for integrating multiple our forecasting ability prevent losses from invasive pests.

Language: Английский

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