Emerald Ash Borer Management and Research: Decades of Damage and Still Expanding

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 239 - 258

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Since the discovery of ash tree ( Fraxinus spp.) killer emerald borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis) in United States 2002 and Moscow, Russia 2003, substantial detection management efforts have been applied to contain monitor its spread mitigate impacts. Despite these efforts, pest continues within North America. It has European Ukraine is causing sporadic outbreaks native range China. The dynamics EAB's expansion events appear be linked lack resistant trees invaded ranges, facilitated by abundance or planted American susceptible species. We review recently gained knowledge EAB; ecological, economic, social impacts; past with their successes limitations. also highlight advances biological control, mechanisms resistance, new approaches under development, aim guiding more effective management.

Language: Английский

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Susceptibility of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) to gene silencing through RNAi provides potential as a novel management tool

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 473, P. 118322 - 118322

Published: June 23, 2020

The mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae, is an eruptive endemic forest pest that undergoing substantial range expansion in response to recent climatic changes, breaching geographic barriers, exploiting novel hosts, and affecting millions of hectares conifer forests western North America. Current management approaches have been unable keep pace with MPB population outbreaks, aggressive responses are required as MPB's progresses. Gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) emerging approach being developed for agricultural pests, has also shown be effective against some xylophagous including the southern (SPB), D. frontalis. When essential genes targeted, RNAi can cause rapid insect mortality; here we focus on evaluating its effectiveness MPB. We identified reference quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validated by analyzing gene expression survival. Using adult bioassay combined oral ingestion dermal absorption dsRNAs targeting three (hsp, iap, shi), measure demonstrate silencing, well mortality, following dsRNA exposure. All were silenced all treatment beetles died within 7 d. This validates analyses demonstrates MPB, similar congeneric SPB, a highly sensitive response. Additionally, document sex-specific differences one target genes, hsp; any subsequent mortality based sex must considered this technology progresses tool. causes when specific pest, no environmental contamination risks, making it attractive further development suppression.

Language: Английский

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Confocal microscopy provides visual evidence and confirms the feasibility of dsRNA delivery to emerald ash borer through plant tissues

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 93(4), P. 1143 - 1153

Published: May 15, 2020

Abstract Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated gene silencing, or interference (RNAi), is an emerging biotechnology that has been a breakthrough tool for crop protection. Exogenous dsRNA triggers the RNAi pathway, silences genes, disrupts protein function, and can cause insect mortality. However, effective delivery of problematic, particularly in systems with long-lived, endophagous insects such as emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis , tree-killing nonnative invader attacks ash, Fraxinus spp. Larvae feed on cambial tissue causing rapid tree death. EAB susceptible to RNAi, but we lack practical means delivery. Here evaluated green, F. pennsylvanica tropical uhdei through root and/or petiole absorption, also demonstrated absorption egg chorion. We labeled exogenous using fluorescing label then used confocal microscopy RT-qPCR evaluate its distribution plant tissues. Labeled dsRNAs are detectable root, stem, leaf tissues 48-h postapplication. In excised branches, inner bark recovered neonates 8-day Eggs larvae from treated eggs presented under imaging. Adult EAB-fed leaves vitro synthesized EAB-specific dsSHI experience significant knockdown shi Our findings provide proof concept topical systemic application methods feasible suppressing EAB, providing hope future

Language: Английский

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Long-term survival and radial growth of four North American and two Asian ash species in a common garden exposed to emerald ash borer invasion

Environmental Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 11, 2025

Abstract Four North American and one Asian ash species were planted in 2007 30 complete randomized blocks a common garden Ingham County, Michigan USA to evaluate host resistance preference of emerald borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), first detected this area 2003. Trees protected from EAB colonization until 2012. We recorded current-year woodpecker holes adult exits on live trees annually 2017 2022. Annual radial growth was quantified increment cores cross-sections EAB-killed trees. Every Fraxinus nigra killed by 2013. By August 2022, 63% F. pennsylvanica, 12% americana 86% chinensis had died. In contrast, quadrangulata minimally colonized remained healthy through Average (± SE) annual 2007-2021 ranged 2.65 ± 0.18 mm for 4.61 0.46 chinensis. an adjacent plantation 2010, we assessed size, signs 2022 12 pennsylvanica mandshurica. All mandshurica with little evidence injury. Despite heavy infestation, 2011 relatively high. Results show is highly preferred vulnerable EAB, followed while intermediate resistant. Of the 2 species, resistant but heavily most

Language: Английский

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Developing a European Toolbox to manage potential invasion by emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) and bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius), important pests of ash and birch

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 93(2), P. 187 - 196

Published: Jan. 23, 2020

Abstract The threats posed by the buprestid beetles emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) and bronze birch anxius Gory) have been subject of considerable research, primarily to develop methods for detection management pests. PREPSYS, a Euphresco project, has worked with collaborators globally assess ‘state art’ two insect pests identify those measures that would best prepare Europe potential invasion pests, especially which is now in western part Russia eastern Ukraine. Building on an excellent exchange knowledge discussion at OECD-sponsored international conference held Vienna October 2018, concept European Toolbox increase preparedness dealing developed. This includes key components including surveillance, direct intervention, use natural enemies increased awareness problems associated Collaboration essential delivering refining Toolbox.

Language: Английский

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Foliar Application of dsRNA to Induce Gene Silencing in Emerald Ash Borer: Systemic Distribution, Persistence, and Bioactivity

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1853 - 1853

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism triggered by double-stranded (dsRNA), in which gene expression reduced sequence-specific manner, allowing development of pest-specific control strategies. Effective delivery the dsRNA hurdle, particularly systems with endophagous insects such as emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis, an invasive phloem-feeding beetle that develops beneath bark trees, Fraxinus spp., causing rapid tree death. We evaluated uptake and bioactivity green (F. pennsylvanica) growing greenhouse to investigate feasibility through host plant. To assess persistence distribution, seedlings were exposed EAB-specific using foliar spray sectioned into different tissue types at selected time-points; RT-PCR Sanger sequencing used detect exogenous dsRNA. found plant tissues 21 days after treatment. evaluate bioactivity, neonate EAB treated assessed for feeding behavior. Results demonstrate silencing 24% (p = 0.03) reduction cambial consumption. Our findings provide proof-of-concept RNAi target insect plant, suggesting functioning sustainable approach protection against EAB.

Language: Английский

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Parasitoid–host association in invaded communities

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 101250 - 101250

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Considerations regarding species distribution models for forest insects

Agricultural and Forest Entomology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 393 - 399

Published: June 14, 2021

Abstract Species distribution models, or SDMs, have become important decision support tools by answering fundamental questions about where species, including invasive are likely to survive and thrive based on environmental conditions. For an inexperienced modeller model reviewer, the terminology technical aspects of SDMs can be overwhelming, even well‐trained modellers struggle understand implications various modelling choices. Here, I outline some key considerations with respect focusing their application forest insects. Foremost, assert that a should developed evaluated attention relationships between insect its hosts, as those determine much places may occupy. In my view, most successful models constructed carefully incorporate honest assessments limitations, sources error uncertainty, degree linkage real‐world circumstances it is meant portray.

Language: Английский

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The persistence of blue ash in the aftermath of emerald ash borer may be due to adult oviposition preferences and reduced larval performance

Agricultural and Forest Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 584 - 589

Published: May 29, 2023

Abstract We examined the health of mature blue ash, Fraxinus quadrangulata , in two forests southwestern Ohio relation to that white ash F. americana and potential importance oviposition preferences larval resistance persistence ash. Both were largely unaffected by emerald borer 2012. By 2018, nearly 90% trees observed these had full or canopies, as opposed less than 20% encountered our studies. In 2021, maintained a similar degree canopy but no standing live ashes remained. Bark removals revealed current past feeding attempts 2018 except for one attacked killed tree 2018. All attacked. laboratory bioassay with cut stems, larvae fed grew significantly more slowly on reduced performance adult likely contribute devastated borer.

Language: Английский

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Larval Performance of a Major Forest Pest on Novel Hosts and the Effect of Stressors

Environmental Entomology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 49(2), P. 482 - 488

Published: Dec. 17, 2019

Novel hosts lacking a coevolutionary history with herbivores can often support improved larval performance over historic hosts; e.g., emerald ash borer [Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire) Coleoptera: Buprestidae] on North American (Fraxinus spp.) trees. Whether trees are novel or ancestral, stress plants increases preference and performance. White fringetree [Chionanthus virginicus (L.) Lamiales: Oleaceae] olive [Olea europaea closely related non-ash that development of to adulthood, but their relative suitability as the impact plant success has not been well studied. In series experiments, survival growth larvae these were examined along stress. first experiment, grew more slowly in cut stems than green [Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Marshall) several adults successfully emerged from larger stems. two experiments young potted photosynthesizing bark, died within week, mechanical girdling increased rate gallery establishment. The final field-grown fringetrees found survivorship previously attacked mechanically girdled healthy treated defense hormone, methyl jasmonate. Our results demonstrate less suitable for preferred hosts, previous attack led better demonstrating importance success. olive, high mortality could be due higher loads toxic compounds presence chlorophyllous tissue.

Language: Английский

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