Addressing context dependence in ecology

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(2), P. 158 - 170

Published: Oct. 30, 2021

Context dependence is widely invoked to explain disparate results in ecology. It arises when the magnitude or sign of a relationship varies due conditions under which it observed. Such variation, especially unexplained, can lead spurious seemingly contradictory conclusions, limit understanding and our ability transfer findings across studies, space, time. Using examples from biological invasions, we identify two types context resulting four sources: mechanistic interaction effects; apparent arise presence confounding factors, problems statistical inference, methodological differences among studies. Addressing critical challenge ecology, essential for increased prediction.

Language: Английский

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Why Are Invasive Plants Successful?

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 635 - 670

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Plant invasions, a byproduct of globalization, are increasing worldwide. Because their ecological and economic impacts, considerable efforts have been made to understand predict the success non-native plants. Numerous frameworks, hypotheses, theories advanced conceptualize interactions multiple drivers context dependence invasion with aim achieving robust explanations predictive power. We review these from community-level perspective rather than biogeographical one, focusing on terrestrial systems, explore roles intrinsic plant properties in determining species invasiveness, as well effects biotic abiotic conditions mediating ecosystem invasibility (or resistance) evolutionary processes. also consider fundamental influences human-induced changes at scales ranging local global triggering, promoting, sustaining invasions discuss how could alter future trajectories.

Language: Английский

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Freshwater Fish Invasions: A Comprehensive Review

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 427 - 456

Published: Sept. 3, 2022

Freshwater fish have been widely introduced worldwide, and freshwater ecosystems are among those most affected by biological invasions. Consequently, invasions one of the documented animal taxa, with much information available about invasive species, their characteristics, invaded regions, invasion pathways, impacts, management. While existing reviews address specific aspects invasions, there is still a gaping lack comprehensive assessments that simultaneously pivotal connected elements process. Here, we provide holistic review, together quantitative assessments, divided into four major parts: ( a) introduction b) characteristics nonnative species andinvaded explain successful processes, c) impacts mechanisms, d) We highlight data gaps biases in current databases basic understanding several In addition, recommendations for future studies.

Language: Английский

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MAcroecological Framework for Invasive Aliens (MAFIA): disentangling large-scale context dependence in biological invasions

NeoBiota, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 407 - 461

Published: Oct. 15, 2020

Macroecology is the study of patterns, and processes that determine those in distribution abundance organisms at large scales, whether they be spatial (from hundreds kilometres to global), temporal decades centuries), organismal (numbers species or higher taxa). In context invasion ecology, macroecological studies include, for example, analyses richness, diversity, distribution, alien regional floras faunas, spatio-temporal dynamics across regions, cross-taxonomic traits among comparable native pools. However, aiming explain predict plant animal naturalisations invasions, resulting impacts, have, date, rarely considered joint effects traits, environment, socioeconomic characteristics. To address this, we present MAcroecological Framework Invasive Aliens (MAFIA). The MAFIA explains phenomenon using three interacting classes factors – location characteristics, related introduction events explicitly maps these interactions onto sequence from transport naturalisation invasion. framework therefore helps both identify how anthropogenic interact with environmental characteristics observed patterns abundance, richness; clarify why neglecting can generate spurious conclusions. Event-related include propagule pressure, colonisation residence time are important mediating outcome processes. because dependence, bias analyses, example seek elucidate role traits. same vein, failure recognise incorporate main impedes our understanding which shaped by importance between their environment. based largely on insights plants birds, but believe it applied all taxa, hope will stimulate comparative research other groups environments. By making biases biological invasions explicit, offers an opportunity guide assessments dependence broad geographical scales.

Language: Английский

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Double trouble: the implications of climate change for biological invasions

NeoBiota, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 463 - 487

Published: Oct. 15, 2020

The implications of climate change for biological invasions are multifaceted and vary along the invasion process. Changes in vectors pathways likely to manifest changes transport routes destinations, together with altered transit times traffic volume. Ultimately, nature why, how, where biota transported introduced will pose biosecurity challenges. These challenges require increased human institutional capacity, as well proactive responses such improved early detection, adaptation present protocols innovative legal instruments. Invasion success spread expected be moderated by physiological response alien native environmental ensuing biotic interactions. turn affect management actions aimed at eradicating, containing, mitigating invasions, necessitating an adaptive approach that is sensitive potentially unanticipated outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Fast invasives fastly become faster: Invasive plants align largely with the fast side of the plant economics spectrum

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 110(5), P. 1010 - 1014

Published: Feb. 10, 2021

Abstract Invasive plants generally align with the fast side of plant's trait economics spectrum, characterized by nutrient acquisition, growth and reproduction. However, there are numerous notable exceptions, including woody invasives. The generalization that invasives is driven high occurrence invasive ruderal species colonizing nutrient‐rich disturbed habitats, a consequence anthropogenic disturbance usually going hand‐in‐hand biological introductions. Successful plans have shown remarkable ability to rapidly adapt new regions where they introduced. These changes predominantly involve increased resource reproduction, aligning them even further plant spectrum. Common garden experiments model systems provide valuable insights about speed direction adaptive responses different climates, helping us predict general global change. Synthesis . commonly present but this pattern mostly species. Still, common comparing populations from distant world show clear trend for already towards faster traits in their non‐native regions.

Language: Английский

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Economic costs of invasive alien species in the Mediterranean basin

NeoBiota, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 427 - 458

Published: July 29, 2021

Invasive alien species (IAS) negatively impact the environment and undermine human well-being, often resulting in considerable economic costs. The Mediterranean basin is a culturally, socially economically diverse region, harbouring many IAS that threaten societal integrity multiple ways. This paper first attempt to collectively quantify reported costs of basin, across range taxonomic, temporal spatial descriptors. We identify correlates from invasion damages management expenditures among key socioeconomic variables, determine network structures link countries invasive taxonomic groups. total amounted $27.3 billion, or $3.6 billion when only realised were considered, found have occurred over last three decades. Our understanding invasions was largely limited few, primarily western European terrestrial ecosystems, despite known presence numerous high-impact aquatic taxa. vast majority attributed losses ($25.2 billion) mostly driven by France, Spain lesser extent Italy Libya, with significantly fewer expenditure ($1.7 billion). Overall, increased through time, average annual between 1990 2017 estimated at $975.5 million. lack information large proportion countries, reflected connectivity analysis relationship highlights limits available data research effort needed improve collective different facets biological invasions. associated sheds light on knowledge gaps provides baseline for Mediterranean-centric approach towards building policies designing coordinated responses. In turn, these could help reach desirable outcomes efficient use resources invested management.

Language: Английский

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Introduction pathways of economically costly invasive alien species

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 2061 - 2079

Published: April 29, 2022

Abstract Introduction pathways play a pivotal role in the success of Invasive Alien Species (IAS)—the subset alien species that have negative environmental and/or socio-economic impact. Pathways refer to fundamental processes leads introduction from one geographical location another—marking beginning all invasions. Increased knowledge is essential help reduce number introductions and impacts IAS ultimately improve their management . Here we use InvaCost database, comprehensive repository on global monetary IAS, combined with pathway data classified using Convention Biological Diversity (CBD) hierarchical classification compiled CABI Compendium, Global Database (GISD) published literature address five key points. Data were available for 478 individual IAS. For these, found both total annual average cost per introduced through ‘Stowaway’ (US$144.9bn; US$89.4m) ‘Contaminant’ (US$99.3bn; US$158.0m) higher than primarily ‘Escape’ (US$87.4bn; US$25.4m) ‘Release’ (US$64.2bn; US$16.4m). Second, recorded costs (both average) unintentionally was intentionally. Third, insects mammals, respectively, accounted greatest proportion intentionally at least records; had highest Asia, Central America, North America Diverse/Unspecified regions. Fourthly, given not related year first record introduction, but time gaps might blur true pattern. Finally, pathways. Although our findings are directly limited by data, they provide important material which can contribute priority measures, notably complementing studies associated ecologically harmful They also highlight crucial need fill remaining gaps—something will be critical prioritising budgets combat current acceleration

Language: Английский

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Multi‐dimensionality as a path forward in plant‐soil feedback research

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(10), P. 3446 - 3465

Published: April 30, 2021

Abstract Feedback between plants and their associated soil biota is an important driver of plant distribution, abundance community composition with consequences for ecosystem functioning. The field plant‐soil feedback (PSF) research has become integral subdiscipline terrestrial ecology, in recent decades rapidly evolved by deepening broadening its scope. We review the major developments field, discuss methodological considerations present a way forward new approaches to PSF that will lead more generalized predictive understanding PSFs. illustrate pursued multiple dimensions, including temporal scales, biogeographic perspectives, environmental context level biological resolution. Plant‐soil feedbacks have been related successional species turnover, but our inferences are often constrained experimental time‐scales, anthropogenic impacts can alter or disrupt interactions biota. also used explain spatial patterns recruitment, coexistence diversity, increasingly linked spread non‐native invasive plants. In years, consideration given sensitivity context, particularly gradients resource availability changing climatic conditions (including extreme events). Here, particular interest differential responses mutualistic antagonistic How interact different groups further predicted from species' phylogenetic relatedness chemical morphological shoot, root litter traits. Synthesis . moving forward, future should take multidimensional approach explicitly considering cross‐connections including, example, spatio‐temporal variation availability, trait–environment relationships across taxonomic functional organisms. This movement be accelerated advances utilizing types experiments laboratory as well establishing global collaborative networks.

Language: Английский

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Environmental and anthropogenic drivers of invasive plant diversity and distribution in the Himalaya

Ecological Informatics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 102586 - 102586

Published: April 3, 2024

Invasive alien species (IAS) are currently considered as one of the major drivers global environmental change. To manage IAS, it is crucial to identify different and associated anthropogenic that contribute invasion non-native regions. Although multiple have been identified at a scale, relative roles these known vary considerably regional scales. Here, we investigate role key in determining diversity distribution selected invasive plant Kashmir Himalaya. We generated an extensive dataset through field sampling across region supplemented with novel herbarium records. also extracted data on relevant (climatic, soil topographic) for study region. The random forest model was employed quantify contribution determine two common metrics (species richness abundance) plants. found water content followed by distance city, maximum air temperature, pH, temperature human population density exerted greatest influence species. Species abundance significantly affected slope, pH density. Overall, our findings help disentangling individual interactive invasions, wide-ranging implications management this Himalayan similar landscapes elsewhere.

Language: Английский

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