Quantifying direct yield benefits of soil carbon increases from cover cropping

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(9), P. 1125 - 1134

Published: May 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Crop rotational complexity affects plant-soil nitrogen cycling during water deficit

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 166, P. 108552 - 108552

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

One of the biggest environmental challenges facing agriculture is how to both supply and retain nitrogen (N), especially as precipitation becomes more variable with climate change. We used a greenhouse experiment assess contrasting histories crop rotational complexity affect plant-soil-microbe interactions that govern N processes, including during water stress. With higher levels carbon cycling hydrolytic enzymes, mineral-associated organic matter concentrations, an altered microbial community, soils from most complex rotation enabled 80% corn uptake under two moisture regimes, compared soil monoculture corn. Higher plant likely drove changes in leaf gas exchange, particularly increasing intrinsic use efficiency by 9% rotation. The deficit increased standing pool nitrate 44-fold history rotations, 11-fold increase monoculture. implications this difference must be considered whole cropping systems field context. Cycling 15N-labeled fresh clover residue into pools did not depend on regime or history, 2-fold recovery mineral vs. particulate pool. In contrast, reduced 15N shoots 37%, showing greater impacts soil. This study provides direct experimental evidence long-term influences availability feedbacks physiology. Collectively, these results could help explain general observations yields specifically dry conditions.

Language: Английский

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Contribution of potassium solubilizing bacteria in improved potassium assimilation and cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline-sodic conditions

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Sodium-induced potassium (K+) deficiency is more prevalent in salt-affected soils. Plants experience K+ starvation thus cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio lowered, which a prerequisite for their survival. enrichment crops can be acquired via K-solubilizing bacteria as sustainable green agriculture approach. This study was conducted to explore potent from the rhizosphere of wheat, rice, and native flora grown soils two distinct regions Pakistan. The aim this work evaluate contribution microbial consortiums improvement assimilation ratios rice under saline-sodic conditions. Among 250 bacterial isolates, 9 were selected based on salt (11% NaCl) alkali (9) tolerance K-solubilization indices (1.57-5.67). These strains characterized plant growth-promoting traits identified 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A consortium five strains, namely, Enterobacter hormaechei, Citrobacter braakii, Pseudomonas putida, Erwinia iniecta, Pantoea agglomerans, used bio-inoculant its role assimilation, ratio, subsequent yield enhancement impact applied assessed variable levels (Control, 40, 80, 120 mM) pot experiment natural conditions field. Plant agronomical parameters significantly higher consortium-treated plants, with concomitant increase K+-uptake root shoot (0.56 0.35 mg g-1 dry wt.) salt-tolerant variety Shaheen. improved (200% 40 mM 126% 80 (99% 131% too. similar significant also observed salt-susceptible Kainat. Moreover, grain (30.39 g/1,000 grains biomass (8.75 g) Shaheen, field conditions, improved. It concluded that bio-inoculants, contributing growth increment enhanced K-assimilation stress.

Language: Английский

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Rhizosphere priming promotes plant nitrogen acquisition by microbial necromass recycling

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(6), P. 1987 - 1996

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Nitrogen availability in the rhizosphere relies on root-microorganism interactions, where root exudates trigger soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition through priming effect (RPE). Though microbial necromass contribute significantly to organically bound nitrogen (N), role of RPEs regulating recycling and plant acquisition has received limited attention. We used

Language: Английский

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Soil recalcitrant but not labile organic nitrogen mineralization contributes to microbial nitrogen immobilization and plant nitrogen uptake

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization not only supports ecosystem productivity but also weakens carbon and N accumulation in soils. Recalcitrant (mainly mineral-associated matter) labile particulate materials differ dramatically nature. Yet, the patterns drivers of recalcitrant (M

Language: Английский

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A Review of Potassium-Rich Crop Residues Used as Organic Matter Amendments in Tree Crop Agroecosystems

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 580 - 580

Published: June 24, 2021

Ecosystem-based approaches to nutrient management are needed satisfy crop requirements while minimizing environmental impacts of fertilizer use. Applying residues as soil amendments can provide essential inputs from organic sources improving retention, health, water conservation, and performance. Tree hulls, husks, shells have been found contain high concentrations potassium across species including almond, cacao, coffee, pecan, hazelnut. The objective this review is characterize focusing on lignocellulosic pericarps discuss reported effects surface application cycling, dynamics, functionality, yield. Research indicates ions solubilize readily plant material into solution due potassium’s mobility a predominately unbound monatomic cation in tissues. Studies evaluating tree nutshells, field residues, forest ecosystem litter layers indicate process release driven primarily by not strongly limited decomposition. suggests orchard floor practices be tailored maximize the benefits provided practice. Contextual factors influencing practice adoption areas for future study discussed.

Language: Английский

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Advancing the science and practice of ecological nutrient management for smallholder farmers

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Soil degradation is widespread in smallholder agrarian communities across the globe where limited resource farmers struggle to overcome poverty and malnutrition. This review lays out scientific basis practical management options for an ecologically based approach sustainably managing soil fertility, with particular attention subsistence systems. We seek change trajectory of development programs that continue promote inorganic fertilizers other high input strategies constrained smallholders, despite ample evidence this falling short food security goals contributing degradation. Ecological nutrient (ENM) agroecological biogeochemical cycles govern ecosystem services fertility. The portfolio ENM extends beyond reliance on guided by following five principles: (1) Build organic matter reserves. (2) Minimize size N P pools are most susceptible loss. (3) Maximize agroecosystem capacity use soluble, P. (4) Use functional phylogenetic biodiversity minimize bare fallows maximize presence growing plants. (5) Construct field scale mass balances track net flows over multiple seasons. Strategic increases spatial temporal plant species diversity a core tactic expands multifunctionality meet priorities restoration crop yields. Examples practices include functionally designed polycultures, diversified rotations, reduced fallow periods, increased legumes, integrated crop-livestock production, variety amendments. These foster accrual function, both which underpin resilience. When first implemented, short-term yield outcomes variable; however, long-term, systems employ can increase yields, stability, profitability security. rests solid foundation science, many barriers imposed current agricultural policies, successful being promoted some actors used farmers, promising results.

Language: Английский

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Leached nitrate under fertilised loamy soil originates mainly from mineralisation of soil organic N

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 338, P. 108093 - 108093

Published: July 16, 2022

Animal manures are suspected to be a major source of nitrate leaching due their low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by crops. However, actual measurements from animal manure under field conditions scarce. In an on-farm trial in Switzerland over 2.5 years, we used 15N labelling trace the fate N cattle slurry soil-plant system and test whether more was leached than mineral fertiliser. The experiment conducted on two neighbouring fields with loamy soil agricultural area Swiss midlands, where levels groundwater persistently high. Both followed same crop rotation (silage maize – winter wheat grass-clover), but shifted one year. We compared three fertiliser treatments: Control (Con), (Min), (Slu). order provide comprehensive balance several traced labelled fertilisers into biomass, soil, nitrate. year application, recovery crops 45–47% for Min, only 19–23% Slu. Complementary this finding, recoveries were greater Slu despite NH3 emissions Fertiliser succeeding small (< 4.6% originally applied first residual < 2.4% second) similar both fertilisers. Depth translocation marginal, majority still top 0.3 m after years. Along higher Slu, found significantly lost through leaching. less 5% cumulated amounts crops, which reached up 205 kg nitrate-N ha-1, originated direct Our findings suggest that most mineralisation N.

Language: Английский

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A scalable framework for quantifying field-level agricultural carbon outcomes

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 243, P. 104462 - 104462

Published: May 29, 2023

Agriculture contributes nearly a quarter of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which is motivating interest in adopting certain farming practices that have the potential to reduce GHG emissions or sequester carbon soil. The related emission (including N2O and CH4) changes soil stock are defined here as "agricultural outcomes". Accurate quantification agricultural outcomes basis for achieving reductions agriculture, but existing approaches measuring direct measurements, factors, process-based modeling) fall short required accuracy scalability necessary support credible, verifiable, cost-effective measurement improvement these outcomes. Here we propose foundational scalable framework quantify field-level farmland, based on holistic balance agroecosystem: Agroecosystem Carbon Outcomes = Environment (E) × Management (M) Crops (C). Following comprehensive review scientific challenges associated with approaches, well their tradeoffs between cost accuracy, most viable path land through an effective integration various (e.g. diverse observations, sensor/in-situ data, modeling), "system-of-systems" solution. Such solution should simultaneously comprise following components: (1) collection ground truth data cross-scale sensing environment variables (E), management (M), crop conditions (C) at local field level; (2) advanced modeling processes outcomes; (3) systematic Model-Data Fusion (MDF), i.e. robust efficient methods integrate models each farmland (4) high computation efficiency artificial intelligence (AI) scale millions individual fields low cost; (5) multi-tier validation systems infrastructures ensure fidelity true scalability, ability perform robustly accepted all targeted fields. In this regard, provide detailed rationale, current progress, future research development (R&D) priorities achieve different components solution, thus accomplishing Environment×Management×Crop

Language: Английский

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An evaluation of nitrogen indicators for soil health in long‐term agricultural experiments

Soil Science Society of America Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 87(4), P. 868 - 884

Published: May 23, 2023

Abstract Various soil health indicators that measure a chemically defined fraction of nitrogen (N) or process related to N cycling have been proposed quantify the potential supply crops, key function. We evaluated five (total N, autoclavable citrate extractable water‐extractable organic potentially mineralizable and ‐acetyl‐β‐ D ‐glucosaminidase activity) at 124 sites with long‐term experiments across North America evaluating variety managements. found 59%–81% variation in was among sites, indicator values decreasing temperature increasing precipitation clay content. The increased from 6%–39% response tillage, cover cropping, retaining residue, applying sources nutrients. Overall, quantity inputs, whether residue retention, rotations higher biomass, resulted indicators. Although responded management similar ways, analysis cost availability testing laboratories is highly variable. Further, given strong relationships carbon (C) indicators, measuring C along 24‐h mineralization could be used as proxy for instead any other directly.

Language: Английский

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