Development of ADHD: Etiology, Heterogeneity, and Early Life Course

Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 559 - 583

Published: Oct. 23, 2020

ADHD represents a powerful entry point for developmental approaches to psychopathology due its major role in early emergence of life problems. One key issue concerns the environmental risks etiology and maintenance context genetic liability. Here, psychosocial aspects development need more attention. A second is that phenotypic heterogeneity requires better resolution if actionable causal mechanisms are be effectively identified. interplay cognition emotion temperament lens one helpful way forward. third poorly understood yet somewhat striking bifurcation course adolescence, when subgroup seem have largely benign outcomes, while larger group continue on problematic path. final integrative question most effective conceptualization disorder relation broader dysregulation. Key scientific priorities noted.

Language: Английский

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Parenting and Child Development: A Relational Health Perspective

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 45 - 59

Published: May 26, 2019

A child’s development is embedded within a complex system of relationships. Among the many relationships that influence children’s growth and development, perhaps most influential one exists between parent child. Recognition critical importance early parent-child relationship quality for socioemotional, cognitive, neurobiological, health outcomes has contributed to shift in efforts identify relational determinants child outcomes. Recent extend models field highlight role parent, child, contextual factors play supporting maintenance healthy This review presents perspective on with an emphasis socioemotional childhood, along brief attention obesity eating behavior as relationally informed outcome. Also emphasized here parent–health care provider context families well screening intervention support optimal families, goal improving mental physical our communities.

Language: Английский

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Development and socialization of self-regulation from infancy to adolescence: A meta-review differentiating between self-regulatory abilities, goals, and motivation

Developmental Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 101090 - 101090

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Self-regulation has been intensely studied across developmental science disciplines in virtue of its significance to understanding and fostering adaptive functioning throughout life. Whereas research predominantly focused on self-regulatory abilities, age-related changes goals motivation that underlie self-regulation have largely neglected. In a systematic meta-review, we disentangle the development abilities from between infancy adolescence. We further investigate roles parents, teachers, peers socialization separately motivation. searched reviews meta-analyses typical (0–18 years), identifying 1,935 records, which 136 articles were included. Results show develops being co-regulated an independent yet socially-calibrated process demonstrate continuity as well transitions goals, employed for self-regulation, pinpoint exact role various social agents involved these processes. Our meta-review yields detailed description adolescence, providing starting point future intervention work regarding key processes be considered when targeting particular age group.

Language: Английский

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Unpacking the Lived Experiences of Smartwatch Mediated Self and Co-Regulation with ADHD Children

Published: April 19, 2023

Challenges associated with ADHD affect children's daily routines and response to environmental stimuli, support from parents is helpful in managing overcoming behavior regulation challenges. Positive reinforcement increasingly integrated into family technologies for teaching skills, but typically specific co-located activities. To better understand how technology can co-regulation within families children, we deployed CoolTaco, a smartwatch phone system collaboration creating tasks, gaining points achieving them, redeeming rewards. Ten children used CoolTaco their routines. By qualitatively analyzing interviews usage logs, find that smartwatches help provide pervasive the division across devices parent-child roles interfere developing independence. We discuss should while also fostering future self-regulation, such as by guiding goal setting helping them reflect on progress achievements.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetics and ADHD: Reflections on Current Knowledge, Research Priorities and Translational Potential

Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 581 - 606

Published: Aug. 6, 2022

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and debilitating neurodevelopmental influenced by both genetic environmental factors, typically identified in the school-age years but hypothesized to have developmental origins beginning utero. To improve current strategies for prediction, prevention treatment, central challenge delineate how, at molecular level, influences jointly shape ADHD risk, phenotypic presentation, course. Epigenetic processes that regulate gene expression, such as DNA methylation, emerged promising system search biomarkers mechanisms address this challenge. In Current Opinion, we discuss relevance of epigenetics (specifically methylation) research clinical practice, starting with state knowledge, what challenges yet overcome, future may hold terms methylation-based applications personalized medicine ADHD. We conclude field still its infancy, potential transformative translational remains distant goal. Nevertheless, rapid methodological advances, together rise collaborative science increased availability high-quality, longitudinal data make thriving area contribute development new tools improved management, treatment

Language: Английский

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Career Decision Self-Efficacy Mediates Social Support and Career Adaptability and Stage Differences

Journal of Career Assessment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(2), P. 264 - 282

Published: July 12, 2023

Based on social cognitive career theory model of self-management, this study explored the mediating roles decision self-efficacy (CDSE) between diverse sources support and adolescents’ adaptability. Additionally, effects stage differences adaptability were also examined. A questionnaire was used to survey 1,268 Chinese adolescents test hypotheses. The findings indicated that family support, friend teacher could influence adolescents' either directly or indirectly via CDSE had largest effect compared support. In addition, differed among junior high school senior students. These results indicate importance contextual individual factors adolescent development. Suggestions for future research practice are proposed.

Language: Английский

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Learning Without Lessons

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Abstract This work is designed to fill a rather large lacuna in the field of child development and education. A growing scholarly consensus challenges universality Western-dominated research psychology. All or most markers child’s growth are now subject reexamination through cross-cultural lens. By same token, study education has been similarly restricted as norms theory constructed almost exclusively from Euroamerican schools. aims substantial portion this gap, particular document analyze myriad processes that come play indigenous children learn their culture—without schools lessons. It will characterize conglomeration learning-rich events instances “pedagogy culture.” The construct several connotations, but paramount idea opportunities for learning occur naturally course activities such work, play, nighttime campfire stories, so on, not primarily intended educate. Two significant sources data be drawn on: focused, empirical studies cultural psychology accounts childhood ethnographic archaeological records. These latter have underutilized speculations on nature learning. overall conclusion pedagogy found communities before advent schooling differs very ways practiced homes schooled parents. differences help account early failure many introduced educate naïve subjects successfully.

Language: Английский

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Emotion socialization parenting interventions targeting emotional competence in young children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Clinical Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 100, P. 102252 - 102252

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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An integrative model for culturally sustaining SEL in the classroom

Social and Emotional Learning Research Practice and Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 100042 - 100042

Published: April 25, 2024

In recent decades, social and emotional learning (SEL) has become widespread in classrooms across the United States around globe, as an ever-growing body of research links development skills to positive outcomes school, work, life. practice, SEL schools also encountered challenges related definition, implementation, equity. this paper, we present a model that integrates core principles successful practice from developmental prevention science with culturally sustaining asset-based pedagogies. We propose classroom rests on three adult competencies: 1) engaging critical reflection; 2) building caring, authentic, reciprocal relationships; 3) shifting balance power toward developing students. These competencies are both strengthened by enacted through facilitative processes co-regulation co-construction, foundation upon which norms, structures, practices built. As arrives at crossroads policy, politics, flexible, adaptable, responsive, co-constructed offers path forward honors sustains diversity our deepens commitment equity practice.

Language: Английский

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Capturing the complexity of child behavior and caregiver-child interactions in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study using a rigorous and equitable approach

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 101422 - 101422

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, emotional development beginning prenatally planned through early childhood. This article outlines methodological considerations the decision-making process for measurement selection child behavior, parenting/caregiver-child interactions, family/home environment HBCD. is detailed, including formation of national workgroup (WG-BEH) that focused on developmentally appropriate measures take rigorous equitable approach aligned with HBCD objectives. Multi-level-observational caregiver-report were deemed necessary capturing desired constructs across multiple contexts while balancing nuance observational data pragmatic considerations. WG-BEH prioritized sensitive, validated assessments psychometrics supporting use in diverse populations mechanistic linkages prediction constructs. Other included participant burden retention, staff training needs, cultural sensitivity. Innovation was permitted when it grounded evidence filled key gaps. Finally, this describes rationale selected (e.g., temperament, social-emotional development, parenting behaviors, family organization) corresponding chosen visits from infancy 17 months age.

Language: Английский

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