Catch Me If You Can: A Spatial Model for a Brake-Driven Gene Drive Reversal

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 81(12), P. 5054 - 5088

Published: Oct. 12, 2019

Language: Английский

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The potential for a CRISPR gene drive to eradicate or suppress globally invasive social wasps

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: July 24, 2020

CRISPR gene drives have potential for widespread and cost-efficient pest control, but are highly controversial. We examined a drive targeting spermatogenesis to control the invasive common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) in New Zealand. Vespula wasps haplodiploid. Their life cycle makes production challenging, as nests initiated by single fertilized queens spring followed several cohorts of sterile female workers reproductives autumn. show that different genes levels variation between introduced native ranges, enabling 'precision drive' could target reduced genetic diversity genotypes within invaded range. In vitro testing showed guide-RNA specificity efficacy was dependent on Vespula, no cross-reactivity other Hymenoptera. Mathematical modelling incorporating history traits identified characteristics male sterility achieve population control. There trade-off infiltration impact: causing complete would not spread, while partial be effective limiting size if homing rate is high. Our results indicate may offer viable suppression haplodiploid pests.

Language: Английский

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Adequacy and sufficiency evaluation of existing EFSA guidelines for the molecular characterisation, environmental risk assessment and post‐market environmental monitoring of genetically modified insects containing engineered gene drives

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2020

Advances in molecular and synthetic biology are enabling the engineering of gene drives insects for disease vector/pest control.Engineered (that bias their own inheritance) can be designed either to suppress interbreeding target populations or modify them with a new genotype.Depending on engineered drive system, theoretically, genetic modification interest could spread through persist indefinitely, restricted its persistence.While research applications is advancing at fast pace, it will take several years technological developments move practical deliberate release into environment.Some modified (GDMIs) have been tested experimentally laboratory, but none has assessed small-scale confined field trials open as yet.There concern that GDMIs environment may possible irreversible unintended consequences.As proactive measure, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) requested by Commission review whether previously published guidelines risk assessment genetically animals (EFSA, 2012 2013), including (GMIs), adequate sufficient GDMIs, primarily vectors, agricultural pests invasive species, environment.Under this mandate, EFSA was not develop GDMIs.In Scientific Opinion, Panel Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) concludes EFSA's adequate, insufficient characterisation (MC), environmental (ERA) post-market monitoring (PMEM) GDMIs.While MC, ERA PMEM build existing framework GMIs do contain drives, there specific areas where further guidance needed GDMIs.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR-Cas and Its Wide-Ranging Applications: From Human Genome Editing to Environmental Implications, Technical Limitations, Hazards and Bioethical Issues

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 969 - 969

Published: April 21, 2021

The CRISPR-Cas system is a powerful tool for in vivo editing the genome of most organisms, including man. During years this technique has been applied several fields, such as agriculture crop upgrade and breeding creation allergy-free foods, eradicating pests, improvement animal breeds, industry bio-fuels it can even be used basis cell-based recording apparatus. Possible applications human health include making new medicines through genetically modified treatment viral infections, control pathogens, clinical diagnostics cure genetic diseases, either caused by somatic (e.g., cancer) or inherited (mendelian disorders) mutations. One divisive, possible uses modification embryos, purpose preventing curing being before birth. However, technology field evolving faster than regulations concerns are raised its enormous yet controversial potential. In scenario, appropriate laws need to issued ethical guidelines must developed, order properly assess advantages well risks approach. review, we summarize potential these techniques their embryo treatment. We will analyze limitations damage treated embryo. Finally, discuss how all impacts law, ethics common sense.

Language: Английский

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Modelling homing suppression gene drive in haplodiploid organisms

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1972)

Published: April 13, 2022

Gene drives have shown great promise for suppression of pest populations. These engineered alleles can function by a variety mechanisms, but the most common is CRISPR homing drive, which converts wild-type to drive in germline heterozygotes. Some potential target species are haplodiploid, males develop from unfertilized eggs and thus only one copy each chromosome. This prevents conversion, substantial disadvantage compared diploids where conversion take place both sexes. Here, we study gene haplodiploids find that targeting female fertility could still be successful. However, such less powerful than suffer more functional resistance alleles. They substantially vulnerable high allele formation embryo owing maternally deposited Cas9 guide RNA also somatic cleavage activity. Examining spatial models organisms move over continuous landscape, haplodiploid surprisingly perform nearly as well diploids, possibly their ability spread further before inducing strong suppression. Together, these results indicate potentially used effectively suppress

Language: Английский

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Review of gene drive modelling and implications for risk assessment of gene drive organisms

Ecological Modelling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 478, P. 110285 - 110285

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Synthetic gene drive (GD) systems constitute a form of novel invasive environmental biotechnology with far-reaching consequences beyond those other known genetically modified organisms (GMOs). During the last 10 years, development GD has been closely linked to mathematical modelling which can provide feedback on how achieve spread but also may be used predict ecological release. GMOs, thus systems, need pass an risk assessment (ERA) prior release into environment. Models in this respect play important role because organisms, even at small scale, not reversible. In our review, we analyse scope and structure existing models examine they assist ERA. Our analysis reveals that majority so far are deterministic, non-spatial tailored for specific target organism. often use simplified assumptions biology species seem made test effectiveness drive. Few go verify whether model predictions realistic under field conditions. We identified four advanced judged most ecologically compared implemented parameters ERA requirements by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) World Health Organization (WHO) insects mosquitoes. Although number abiotic biotic factors already considered these models, mating-related traits relevant interactions between GMO largely excluded. Overall, results show biological realism still poorly realized current aim efficacy rather than effects. Given complexity natural ecosystems, it possible compile single cover all complexities. Thus, should further developed purpose questions related GDs. Moreover, uncertainty will key issue any RA see improve aspect when drives.

Language: Английский

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Management of invasive populations

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 192 - 217

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Abstract This chapter develops four diverse case studies: an invasive species; tumour growth; gene drives; and the spread of a pathogen. The shows how all these cases can be understood as invasions, it examines theory that has been developed might applied to managing such invasions. maps existing management strategies evolutionary perspective allow development novel strategies.

Language: Английский

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Stochasticity and invasion fronts

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 65 - 92

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Abstract This chapter shows that chance events (stochasticity) can play a major role in invasions. explains the ecological sources of stochasticity, and how we might incorporate this stochasticity into our understanding. reproduction dispersal all combine to make real-world invasions difficult predict. In aggregate, these also cause move slower, or faster, than they would otherwise.

Language: Английский

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Diffusion confusion

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 218 - 222

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

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Stochastic evolutionary processes on invasion fronts

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 93 - 115

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Abstract This chapter shows that in addition to ecological stochasticity, invasion fronts can experience substantial evolutionary stochasticity also. The explains these sources of and examines the outcomes emerge from this stochasticity. These include clines genetic diversity, mutation surfing, expansion load leading slowed invasions.

Language: Английский

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