Genetic diversity and IUCN Red List status

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(4)

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is an important and widely used tool conservation assessment. IUCN uses information about a species' range, population size, habitat quality fragmentation levels, trends in abundance to assess extinction risk. Genetic diversity not considered, although it affects Declining populations are more strongly affected by genetic drift higher rates inbreeding, which can reduce the efficiency selection, lead fitness declines, hinder capacities adapt environmental change. Given importance conserving diversity, attempts have been made find relationships between red-list status diversity. Yet, there still no consensus on whether captured current categories way that informative conservation. To predictive power correlations vertebrates, we synthesized previous work reanalyzed data sets based 3 types data: mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites, whole genomes. Consistent with work, species risk tended lower all marker types, but these were weak varied across taxa. Regardless type, did accurately identify threatened any taxonomic group. Our results indicate useful metric informing species-specific decisions protection cannot be threat absence demographic data. Thus, need develop metrics specifically designed inform policy, including policies recently adopted UN's Convention Biological Diversity Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.La diversidad genética y los estados de la Lista Roja UICN Resumen La Unión Internacional para Conservación Naturaleza (UICN) es una importante herramienta uso extendido evaluar conservación. utiliza datos sobre distribución tamaño poblacional especie, calidad niveles fragmentación su hábitat sus tendencias abundancia valorar riesgo extinción, A pesar que afecta al considera. deriva génica las tasas altas endogamia afectan con mayor fuerza poblaciones en declinación, lo puede reducir eficiencia selección, derivar disminución aptitud dificultar capacidad especie adaptarse ante el cambio ambiental. Se ha intentado encontrar relación entre estado listas rojas ya conservación muy importante. Aun anterior, hay un consenso actual si está capturada categorías vigentes manera sea informativa Para poder predictivo correlación vertebrados, sintetizamos trabajos previos analizamos nuevo conjuntos base tres tipos información genética: ADN mitocondrial, microsatélites genomas completos. Las especies extinción más alto fueron propensas baja todos marcadores, aunque estas relaciones débiles variaron taxones, cual coherente anteriores. Sin importar tipo marcador, fue identificador certero amenazadas ninguno grupos taxonómicos. Nuestros resultados indican lista roja medida útil guiar decisiones específicas por protección genética. También genéticos pueden usarse identificar amenaza se tienen demográficos. Por tanto, necesario desarrollar medidas diseñadas específicamente e informar políticas conservación, incluidas adoptó recientemente ONU Convenio del Marco Mundial Diversidad Biológica.

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Genomics for monitoring and understanding species responses to global climate change

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 165 - 183

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

All life forms across the globe are experiencing drastic changes in environmental conditions as a result of global climate change. These happening rapidly, incur substantial socioeconomic costs, pose threats to biodiversity and diminish species' potential adapt future environments. Understanding monitoring how organisms respond human-driven change is therefore major priority for conservation rapidly changing environment. Recent developments genomic, transcriptomic epigenomic technologies enabling unprecedented insights into evolutionary processes molecular bases adaptation. This Review summarizes methods that apply integrate omics tools experimentally investigate, monitor predict species communities wild cope with change, which by genetically adapting new conditions, through range shifts or phenotypic plasticity. We identify advantages limitations each method discuss research avenues would improve our understanding responses highlighting need holistic, multi-omics approaches ecosystem during Species can shifting their these responses.

Language: Английский

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Monitoring of species’ genetic diversity in Europe varies greatly and overlooks potential climate change impacts

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 267 - 281

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Abstract Genetic monitoring of populations currently attracts interest in the context Convention on Biological Diversity but needs long-term planning and investments. However, genetic diversity has been largely neglected biodiversity monitoring, when addressed, it is treated separately, detached from other conservation issues, such as habitat alteration due to climate change. We report an accounting efforts monitor population Europe (genetic effort, GME), evaluation which can help guide future capacity building collaboration towards areas most need expanded monitoring. Overlaying GME with where ranges selected species approach current niche limits helps identify whether coincides anticipated change effects biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that country area, financial resources policy influence GME, high values only partially match species’ joint patterns suitable climatic conditions. Populations at trailing margins probably hold important for adaptation changing climate. results illuminate investment across gradients occupied by focal species, a arguably greatest southeastern European countries. This could be met part expanding Union’s Birds Habitats Directives fully address diversity.

Language: Английский

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Multinational evaluation of genetic diversity indicators for the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Under the recently adopted Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, 196 Parties committed to reporting status of genetic diversity for all species. To facilitate reporting, three indicators were developed, two which focus on processes contributing conservation: maintaining genetically distinct populations and ensuring are large enough maintain diversity. The major advantage these is that they can be estimated with or without DNA‐based data. However, demonstrating their feasibility requires addressing methodological challenges using data gathered from diverse sources, across taxonomic groups, countries varying socio‐economic biodiversity levels. Here, we assess 919 taxa, representing 5271 nine countries, including megadiverse developing economies. Eighty‐three percent taxa assessed had available calculate at least one indicator. Our results show although majority species most populations, 58% have too small Moreover, indicator values suggest IUCN Red List other initiatives fail status, highlighting critical importance indicators.

Language: Английский

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Too simple, too complex, or just right? Advantages, challenges, and guidance for indicators of genetic diversity

BioScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 74(4), P. 269 - 280

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Measuring genetic diversity of wild species using DNA-based data remains resource intensive and time consuming for nearly all species. However, assessments are needed global conservation commitments, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, governments managers to evaluate progress, as well prioritizing populations preserve recover (e.g., via rescue). Recently, indicators were developed tracking reporting status trends hundreds The quantify two simple proxies within-population among-population adaptive potential: small effective population size (Ne < 500) loss genetically distinct populations. must balance scientific credibility, practicality, simplicity. In present article, we summarize advantages these pragmatic indicators, address critiques by scientists simplifying assumptions policymakers complexity, propose potential solutions next steps. We aim support practitioners putting into policy, action, legislation, reporting.

Language: Английский

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Global meta-analysis shows action is needed to halt genetic diversity loss

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Mitigating loss of genetic diversity is a major global biodiversity challenge1-4. To meet recent international commitments to maintain within species5,6, we need understand relationships between threats, conservation management and change. Here conduct analysis change via meta-analysis all available temporal measures from more than three decades research. We show that within-population being lost over timescales likely have been impacted by human activities, some actions may mitigate this loss. Our dataset includes 628 species (animals, plants, fungi chromists) across terrestrial most marine realms on Earth. Threats two-thirds the populations analysed, less half analysed received management. Genetic occurs globally realistic prediction for many species, especially birds mammals, in face threats such as land use change, disease, abiotic natural phenomena harvesting or harassment. Conservation strategies designed improve environmental conditions, increase population growth rates introduce new individuals (for example, restoring connectivity performing translocations) even diversity. findings underscore urgent active, genetically informed interventions halt

Language: Английский

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Monitoring status and trends in genetic diversity for the Convention on Biological Diversity: An ongoing assessment of genetic indicators in nine countries

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(3)

Published: May 1, 2023

Abstract Recent scientific evidence shows that genetic diversity must be maintained, managed, and monitored to protect biodiversity nature's contributions people. Three indicators, two of which do not require DNA‐based assessment, have been proposed for reporting the Convention on Biological Diversity other conservation policy initiatives. These indicators allow an approximation status trends inform policy, using existing demographic geographic information. Application these has initiated here we describe ongoing efforts in calculating with examples. We specifically a project underway apply nine countries, provide example calculations, address concerns makers implementation challenges, roadmap further development deployment, incorporating feedback from broader community. also present guidance documents data collection tools indicators. demonstrate Parties can successfully cost‐effectively report observation data, and, doing so, better conserve Earth's biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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The practice and promise of temporal genomics for measuring evolutionary responses to global change

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2023

Understanding the evolutionary consequences of anthropogenic change is imperative for estimating long-term species resilience. While contemporary genomic data can provide us with important insights into recent demographic histories, investigating past using present alone has limitations. In comparison, temporal genomics studies, defined herein as those that incorporate time series data, utilize museum collections and repeated field sampling to directly examine change. As applied more systems, questions, best practices be helpful guides make most efficient use limited resources. Here, we conduct a systematic literature review synthesize effects methodology on our ability detect changes. We focus studies within 200 years, highlighting processes have occurred during two centuries accelerated pressure. first identify frequently studied taxa, questions drivers, before overlooked areas where further may particularly enlightening. Then, guidelines future study sample designs while identifying key considerations influence statistical analytical power. Our aim recommendations broad array researchers interested in their work.

Language: Английский

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A global synthesis of the patterns of genetic diversity in endangered and invasive plants

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291, P. 110473 - 110473

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Direct Measurement of the Mutation Rate and Its Evolutionary Consequences in a Critically Endangered Mollusk

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract The rate at which mutations arise is a fundamental parameter of biology. Despite progress in measuring germline mutation rates across diverse taxa, such estimates are missing for much Earth's biodiversity. Here, we present the first estimate from phylum Mollusca. We sequenced three pedigreed families white abalone Haliotis sorenseni, long-lived, large-bodied, and critically endangered mollusk, estimated de novo 8.60 × 10−9 single nucleotide per site generation. This similar to measured vertebrates with comparable generation times longevity abalone, higher than faster-reproducing invertebrates. spectrum also that seen vertebrate species, although an excess rare C > A polymorphisms wild individuals suggests modifier allele or environmental exposure may have once increased rates. use our infer baseline effective population sizes (Ne) multiple Pacific find persisted over most their evolutionary history as large stable populations, contrast extreme fluctuations recent small census day. then timing pattern evolution genus Haliotis, was previously unknown due few fossil calibrations. Our findings important step toward understanding they establish key conservation genomics research mollusks.

Language: Английский

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