Applications of nanotechnologies for miRNA-based cancer therapeutics: current advances and future perspectives

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 27, 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (18-25 nt), non-coding, widely conserved RNA molecules responsible for regulating gene expression via sequence-specific post-transcriptional mechanisms. Since the human miRNA transcriptome regulates of a number tumor suppressors and oncogenes, its dysregulation is associated with clinical onset different types cancer. Despite fact that numerous therapeutic approaches have been designed in recent years to treat cancer, complexity disease manifested by each patient has prevented development highly effective management strategy. However, over past decade, artificial miRNAs (i.e., anti-miRNAs mimics) shown promising results against various cancer types; nevertheless, their targeted delivery could be challenging. Notably, reports nanotechnology-based can greatly contribute hindering initiation processes, representing an innovative disease-modifying strategy Hence, this review, we evaluate recently developed drug systems therapeutics discuss potential challenges future directions, such as use plant-made nanoparticles, phytochemical-mediated modulation miRNAs, nanozymes.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic perspectives associated with COVID-19 infection and related cytokine storm: an updated review

Infection, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 51(6), P. 1603 - 1618

Published: March 12, 2023

Abstract Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has put world in a medical crisis for past three years; nearly 6.3 million lives have been diminished due to virus outbreak. This review aims update recent findings on infections from an epigenetic scenario and develop future perspectives of epi-drugs treat disease. Methods Original research articles studies related were searched analyzed Google Scholar/PubMed/Medline databases mainly between 2019 2022 brief work. Results Numerous in-depth mechanisms used SARS-CoV-2 going minimize consequences viral outburst. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme receptors Transmembrane serine protease facilitate entry host cells. Upon internalization, it uses machinery replicate copies alter downstream regulation normal cells, causing infection-related morbidities mortalities. In addition, several regulations such as DNA methylation, acetylation, histone modifications, microRNA, other factors (age, sex, etc.) are responsible entry, its immune evasion, cytokine responses also play major modulatory role severity, which discussed detail this review. Conclusion Findings pathogenicity open new window possible therapeutical approach against COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA-based therapeutics for inflammatory disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 106870 - 106870

Published: July 25, 2023

An emerging but less explored shared pathophysiology across microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders is aberrant miRNA expression, which may represent novel therapeutic targets. miRNAs are small, endogenous non-coding RNAs that important transcriptional repressors of gene expression. Most importantly, they regulate the integrity intestinal epithelial and blood-brain barriers serve as an communication channel between gut microbiome host. A well-defined understanding mode action, strategies delivery mechanisms pivotal in translating clinical applications miRNA-based therapeutics. Accumulating evidence links with a compromised gut-blood-brain-barrier, causing contents such immune cells microbiota to enter bloodstream leading low-grade systemic inflammation. This has potential affect all organs, including brain, central inflammation development neurodegenerative neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we have examined detail biogenesis, for application, mechanisms, well their inflammatory gut-brain disorders. The research data review was drawn from following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Clinicaltrials.gov. With increasing pathophysiological importance disorders, targeting cross-regulated these displays potentially transformative translational potential. Further preclinical human trials required further advance area research.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Therapeutic Significance of microRNAs and lncRNAs in Kidney Diseases

Genes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 123 - 123

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two crucial classes of transcripts that belong to the major group (ncRNAs). These RNA molecules have significant influence over diverse molecular processes due their role as regulators gene expression. However, dysregulated expression these ncRNAs constitutes a fundamental factor in etiology progression wide variety multifaceted human diseases, including kidney diseases. In this context, past years, compelling evidence has shown miRNAs lncRNAs could be prospective targets for development next-generation drugs against diseases they participate number disease-associated processes, such podocyte nephron death, renal fibrosis, inflammation, transition from acute injury chronic disease, vascular changes, sepsis, pyroptosis, apoptosis. Hence, current review, we critically analyze recent findings concerning therapeutic inferences pathophysiological context Additionally, with aim driving advances formulation ncRNA-based tailored management discuss some key challenges future prospects should addressed forthcoming investigations.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer: From epigenetics to potential clinical applications

Translational Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27, P. 101579 - 101579

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two relevant classes of (ncRNAs) that play a pivotal role in number molecular processes through different epigenetic regulatory mechanisms gene expression. As matter fact, the altered expression these types leads to development progression varied range multifactorial human diseases. Several recent reports elucidated miRNA lncRNAs have been implicated pancreatic cancer (PC). For instance, dysregulation such ncRNAs has found be associated with chemoresistance, apoptosis, autophagy, cell differentiation, tumor suppression, growth, proliferation, migration, invasion PC. Moreover, several aberrantly expressed miRNAs potential used as biomarkers for accurate PC diagnosis. Additionally, considered promising clinical targets Therefore, this review, we discuss experimental evidence regarding implications pathophysiology PC, their future potential, well challenges arisen field study order drive forward design ncRNA-based diagnostics therapeutics

Language: Английский

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Advances in the Biological Functions and Mechanisms of miRNAs in the Development of Osteosarcoma

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors, mainly occurring in children and adolescents, characterized by high morbidity poor prognosis. MicroRNAs, a class noncoding RNAs consisting 19 to 25 nucleotides, are involved cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis regulate development progression osteosarcoma. Studies have found that microRNAs closely related diagnosis, treatment, prognosis osteosarcoma patients an important role improving drug resistance This paper reviews pathogenesis their clinical value, aiming provide new research direction for diagnosing treating achieving better

Language: Английский

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Small molecule-mediated targeting of microRNAs for drug discovery: Experiments, computational techniques, and disease implications

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 115500 - 115500

Published: May 17, 2023

Small molecules have been providing medical breakthroughs for human diseases more than a century. Recently, identifying small molecule inhibitors that target microRNAs (miRNAs) has gained importance, despite the challenges posed by labour-intensive screening experiments and significant efforts required medicinal chemistry optimization. Numerous experimentally-verified cases demonstrated potential of miRNA-targeted disease treatment. This new approach is grounded in their posttranscriptional regulation expression disease-associated genes. Reversing dysregulated gene using this mechanism may help control dysfunctional pathways. Furthermore, ongoing improvement algorithms allowed integration computational strategies built on top laboratory-based data, facilitating precise rational design discovery lead compounds. To complement use extensive pharmacogenomics data prioritising drugs, our previous work introduced based only molecular sequences. Moreover, various tools predicting interactions biological networks similarity-based inference techniques accumulated established studies. However, there are limited number comprehensive reviews covering both experimental drug processes. In review, we outline cohesive overview applications discovery, along with implications clinical significance. Finally, utilizing drug-target interaction (DTIs) from DrugBank, showcase effectiveness deep learning obtaining physicochemical characterization DTIs.

Language: Английский

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Mast cell-mediated microRNA functioning in immune regulation and disease pathophysiology

Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Upon stimulation and activation, mast cells (MCs) release soluble mediators, including histamine, proteases, cytokines. These mediators are often stored within cytoplasmic granules in MCs may be released a granulated form. The secretion of cytokines chemokines occurs hours following with the potential to result chronic inflammation. In addition their role allergic inflammation, components tumor microenvironment (TME). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) small RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, but regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by binding 3' non-coding regions mRNAs. This plays crucial function MC, key processes MC proliferation, maturation, apoptosis, activation. It has been demonstrated miRNAs also present extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted MCs. EVs derived from mediate intercellular communication carrying miRNAs, affecting various diseases diseases, intestinal disorders, neuroinflammation, tumors. findings provide important insights into therapeutic mechanisms targets affect diseases. review discusses relevance miRNA production regulating own activity effect putatively produced other control participation selected pathologies.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Implication of miRNAs as an Active Regulatory Player in the Management of Pain: A Review

Genes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1003 - 1003

Published: July 31, 2024

Chronic pain is frequently associated with neuropathy, inflammation, or the malfunctioning of nerves. a significant burden morbidity due to opioid use, addiction and tolerance, disability. MicroRNAs (miRs) are emerging therapeutic targets treat chronic through regulation genes neuronal excitability, survival, de-differentiation. In this review, we discuss possible involvement miRs in pain-related molecular pathways. known regulate high-conviction genes, supporting their potential as targets.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs in the Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 2054 - 2054

Published: March 18, 2025

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in digestive pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease (miR-31, miR-155, and miR-21), colorectal cancer (miR-21, miR-598, miR-494), non-alcoholic fatty liver miR-192, miR-122). Their capacity to modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level makes them highly promising candidates for biomarkers therapeutic interventions. However, despite considerable progress, their clinical application remains challenging. Research has shown that miRNA is dynamic, varying across patients, stages, different intestinal regions. dual function both oncogenes tumor suppressors further complicates use, targeting miRNAs may yield unpredictable effects. Additionally, while miRNA-based therapies hold great potential, significant hurdles persist, off-target effects, immune activation, inefficiencies delivery methods. The intricate interplay between gut microbiota adds another layer of complexity, influencing mechanisms treatment responses. This review examined role emphasizing diagnostic potential. While they offer new avenues management, unresolved challenges underscore need research refine application.

Language: Английский

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