Physical fitness in male adolescents and atherosclerosis in middle age: a population-based cohort study

British Journal of Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(8), P. 411 - 421

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Objectives To examine the associations between physical fitness in male adolescents and coronary carotid atherosclerosis middle age. Methods This population-based cohort study linked data from Swedish Military Conscription Register during adolescence to CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study Cardiorespiratory was assessed using a maximal cycle-ergometer test, knee extension muscular strength evaluated through an isometric dynamometer. Coronary via Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) stenosis Artery Calcium (CAC) scores, while plaques were by ultrasound. The analysed multinomial logistic regression, adjusted (marginal) prevalences restricted cubic splines. Results analysis included 8986 (mean age 18.3 years) with mean follow-up of 38.2 years. Physical showed reversed J-shaped association CCTA CAC, but no consistent observed for plaques. After adjustments, compared lowest tertile cardiorespiratory strength, those highest had 22% (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.61 0.99) 26% 0.74; 0.58 0.93) lower ORs severe (≥50%) stenosis, respectively. group (high strength) 33% 0.67; 0.52 0.87) OR fitness. Conclusion supports that combination high is associated atherosclerosis, particularly almost 40 years later.

Language: Английский

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Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness in youth and the incidence of site-specific cancer in men: a cohort study with register linkage

British Journal of Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(19), P. 1248 - 1256

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Objectives To assess the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in young men and incidence of site-specific cancer. Methods A Swedish population-based cohort study with register linkage who underwent military conscription 1968–2005 was undertaken. CRF assessed by maximal aerobic workload cycle test at conscription. Cox regression models linear included CRF, age, year site conscription, body mass index parental level education. also categorised into low, moderate high for facilitated interpretation results comparing low are reported. Results Primary analyses were performed 1 078 000 men, whom 84 117 subsequently developed cancer least one during a mean follow-up 33 years. Higher linearly associated lower hazard ratio (HR) developing head neck (n=2738, HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.90), oesophagus (n=689, 0.61, 0.50 0.74), stomach (n=902, 0.79, 0.67 0.94), pancreas (n=1280, 0.88, 0.76 1.01), liver (n=1111, 0.60, 0.51 0.71), colon (n=3222, 0.82, 0.75 rectum (n=2337, 0.95, 0.85 1.05), kidney (n=1753, 0.80, 0.70 0.90) lung (n=1635, 0.58, 0.66). However, higher predicted being diagnosed prostate (n=14 232, 1.07, 1.03 1.12) malignant skin (n=23 064, 1.31, 1.27 1.36). Conclusion We report number protective healthy subsequent cancers. These have implications public health policymaking, strengthening incentive promote through improving youth.

Language: Английский

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The contribution of common mental disorders and alcohol-related morbidity to educational differences in early labour market exit among older workers: a register-based cohort study

European Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Abstract Previous studies have identified educational differences in early labour market exits, yet the mechanisms behind these disparities remain unclear. This study aims to examine what extent common mental disorders (CMD) and alcohol-related morbidity can explain exit. cohort included all men born 1951–53 who underwent conscription examination for military service Sweden at age 18–20 (n = 136 466). The highest level of attainment exit, using five different exit routes, was obtained from nationwide registers. Mediation analysis used contribution CMD Factors measured childhood, late adolescence, adulthood were as confounders. Lower-educated higher risk leaving early. contributed marginally due disability pension, long-term sickness absence, unemployment, explaining up 4%. Alcohol-related explained 12% unemployment. Neither nor associated with old-age retirement without income. appears be importance when trying understand some but not routes. Thus, reducing negative effects alcohol consumption could reduce inequalities exits prolong working life individuals regardless socioeconomic position.

Language: Английский

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Physical health in young males and risk of chronic musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases by middle age: A population-based cohort study

PLoS Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. e1004517 - e1004517

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Background Cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal disease are among the leading causes of disability in middle-aged older people. Health lifestyle factors youth have known associations with cardiovascular or respiratory adulthood, but largely unknown disease. Methods findings We included approximately 40,000 18-year-old Swedish males, who completed their conscription examination 1969 to 1970, followed up until age 60 years. Exposures interest were physical health: body mass height, blood pressure, pulse at rest, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, hematocrit; self-reported lifestyle: smoking, alcohol, drug use; overall, headache gastrointestinal. participants through National Patient Register for incidence common (osteoarthritis, back pain, shoulder lesions, joint myalgia), (ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation), diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary bronchitis). analyzed using general estimating equations Poisson regression all exposures one model adjusted parental education occupation. found that higher was associated risk (risk ratio [RR] per 1 standard deviation [SD] 1.12 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.09, 1.16]), (RR 1.22 1.17, 1.27] SD) 1.14 1.05, 1.23] SD). Notably, strength fitness (RRs 1.08 1.11] 1.06 1.01, 1.12] SD difference exposure), while protective against both 0.91 0.85, 0.98] 0.85 0.73, 0.97] exposure, respectively). confirmed adverse effects ratios when comparing 11+ cigarettes day non-smoking (95% 1.06, 1.22) musculoskeletal, 1.58 1.44, 1.74) cardiovascular, 1.93 1.60, 2.32) diseases. Self-reported (category “often” compared “never”) 1.38 1.21, 1.58]) 1.29 1.07, 1.56]), had an inconclusive association 1.13 0.79, 1.60]). No large consistent other exposures. The most notable specific conditions osteoarthritis 1.23 1.15, 1.32] pain 1.18 1.12, 1.24] 1.27 1.19, 1.36] main limitations include lack adjustment genetic environmental from childhood, register data available males only. Conclusions While high a factor 3 studied groups diseases, increased middle age. speculate these mediated by overload acute trauma.

Language: Английский

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Early signs of long-term pain: prospective network profiles from late adolescence and lifelong follow-up

npj Mental Health Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Abstract This study applies network theory to registry data identify prospective differences between individuals who develop long-term pain later in life and those do not. The research is based on assessments of biological, psychological, social variables late adolescence during military conscription Sweden. analysis reveals significant the profiles adolescent men developed pain. These are reflected several network-based outputs, including global, nodal, edge levels, revealing a consistent picture pain-associated profile. profile demonstrates how vulnerable have specific configuration that skew away from rest population, mainly relating psychosocial aspects.

Language: Английский

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Increased prevalence of myopia in Swedish conscripts between 1975 and 1995 – associations with education and verbal ability

Acta Ophthalmologica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Abstract Background The objective of this study is to examine the trends in prevalence myopia Swedish young men over a 30‐year period and identify potential risk factors for development. Method This retrospective, cross‐sectional analysed testing results from three cohorts military conscripts: 1975, 1985 1995. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ −0.5 D high SE −5 D. combination with physical measures (height, weight BMI), social (theoretical upper secondary school) cognitive (4 different abilities). tests used STANdard NINE scale (stanine or S9), method scaling test scores on nine‐point standard scale, mean five deviation two. Results included total 13 075 males aged 17 19 years. Adequate data vision were available 95%–98% participants. proportion individuals increased significantly 22% 29% between 1975 1995 ( p < 0.001). High 1.9% 3.3% Multivariate logistic regression indicated associations year (OR = 1.15), presence theoretical school 1.71, compared absence school), verbal ability 1.08 per stanine) visuospatial perception 1.05 stanine). Conclusion Over 1995, among conscripts 29%. A higher level education myopia.

Language: Английский

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Adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of cancer in late adulthood: A nationwide sibling-controlled cohort study in Sweden

PLoS Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. e1004597 - e1004597

Published: May 8, 2025

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness has been linked to both lower and higher risks of cancer, but the evidence comes from observational analysis which may be influenced by unobserved confounders bias processes. We aimed examine associations between adolescent cardiorespiratory risk cancer in late adulthood while addressing unknown influence familial diagnostic Methods findings conducted a sibling-controlled cohort study with registry linkage based on all Swedish men who participated mandatory military conscription examinations 1972 1995 completed standardized testing. The outcomes were overall diagnosis mortality, 14 site-specific cancers (diagnosis or death), ascertained using National Patient Register Cause Death until 31 December 2023. A total 1,124,049 men, including 477,453 full siblings, mean age 18.3 years at baseline, followed median (maximum) 55.9 (73.5) years, during 98,410 diagnosed 16,789 died (41,293 6,908 among siblings respectively). In analysis, individuals highest quartile had mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67, 0.76; P < 0.001) compared lowest quartile, corresponding cumulative incidence (1-Survival) difference −0.85 (95% CI [−1.00, −0.71]) percentage points 65 age. Individuals also (HRs ranging 0.81 0.49, differences −0.13 −0.32 points; 0.001 for all) rectum, head neck, bladder, stomach, pancreas, colon, kidney, liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, esophagus, lung cancer. Yet, prostate (HR: 1.10, [1.05, 1.16]; 0.001, difference: 0.48 points, [0.23, 0.73]) skin (e.g., non-melanoma HR: 1.44, [1.38, 1.50]; 1.84 [1.62, 2.05]). 1.08, [1.06, 1.11]; 1.32 [0.94, 1.70]), results driven being most common types When comparing thereby controlling shared confounders, remained 0.78, [0.68, 0.89]; −0.61 [−0.93, −0.28]), excess 1.01, [0.90, 1.13]; = 0867, 0.05 [−0.50, 0.60]), 1.09, [0.99, 1.20]; 0.097, 0.40 [−0.07, 0.87]), 1.00, [0.95, 1.06]; 0.921, 0.04 [−0.80, 0.88]) attenuated null. For other cancers, sibling comparisons varied, more attenuation melanoma, gallbladder lung, esophagus seemed attenuate less. confirmed through an extensive set sensitivity analyses. main limitations this include lack inclusion female participants, data factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, only adjustment are siblings. Conclusions Higher levels associated adulthood, finding that persisted comparisons. However, confounding appeared vary type pronounced diagnoses than mortality. This suggest need robust causal methods triangulate results, rather relying correlations alone, better inform public health efforts.

Language: Английский

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Associations between BMI in youth and site‐specific cancer in men—A cohort study with register linkage

Obesity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(2), P. 376 - 389

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Abstract Objective This study examined BMI in young men and incident site‐specific cancer to estimate population attributable fractions due based on projected obesity prevalence. Methods A population‐based cohort with measured height weight at age 18. Cox regression models assessed linear associations for included age, year, site of conscription as well parental level education covariates. Results Primary analyses were performed 1,489,115 men, whom 78,217 subsequently developed during a mean follow‐up 31 years. was linearly associated risk developing all 18 cancers (malignant melanoma; leukemia; myeloma; Hodgkin lymphoma; non‐Hodgkin the lungs, head neck, central nervous system, thyroid, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver gallbladder, colon, rectum, kidney, bladder), some instances evident levels usually defined normal (20–25 kg/m 2 ). Higher lower prostate cancer. The highest hazard ratios seen gastrointestinal cancers. Conclusions reports between subsequent cancers, calling rapid action stem epidemic prepare health care system steep increases cases.

Language: Английский

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Cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI measured in youth and 5‐year mortality after site‐specific cancer diagnoses in men—A population‐based cohort study with register linkage

Cancer Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(19), P. 20000 - 20014

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Abstract Background Our aim was to assess associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) in youth 5‐year mortality after site‐specific cancer diagnoses men. Methods Men with from a population who underwent military conscription at ages 16–25 during 1968–2005 Sweden were included. CRF assessed as maximal aerobic workload on cycle ergometer test classified low, moderate, or high. BMI (kg/m 2 ) underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5–24.9), overweight (25–29.9), obesity (>30). Conscription data linked register diagnosis mortality. Analyses included CRF, BMI, date of diagnosis, age, year, center for conscription. Results A total 84,621 cases Mean age 52 years. Follow‐up available mean 6.5 There linear protective any (hazard ratio [HR] high vs. low 0.70), malignant skin (HR 0.80), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma 0.78), the lungs head neck 0.68), pancreas 0.83), stomach liver 0.84), rectum 0.79), bladder 0.71). Overweight and/or associated increased 1.89), 2.03), Hodgkin 2.86) 1.38), thyroid 3.04), 1.53), kidney 1.90), 2.10), prostate 2.44). Conclusion We report dose‐dependent The could be due both inhibition an improved tolerance withstand treatment. These results strengthen incentive public health efforts aimed establishing youth.

Language: Английский

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Cohort profile: The Obesity and Disease Development Sweden (ODDS) study, a pooled cohort

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. e084836 - e084836

Published: July 1, 2024

Purpose The Obesity and Disease Development Sweden (ODDS) study was designed to create a large cohort body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) changes in weight WC, relation morbidity mortality. Participants ODDS includes 4 295 859 individuals, 2 165 048 men 130 811 women, Swedish cohorts national registers with information on assessed once (2 555 098 individuals) or more (1 740 761 individuals), total constituting 7 733 901 assessments at the age of 17–103 years 1963–2020 (recalled as 1911). Information WC is available 152 089 212 658 out whom 108 795 have repeated (in 512 273 assessments). mortality retrieved from registers, follow-up until end 2019–2021, varying between registers. Findings date Among all (of which 85% are objectively measured), median year, BMI (IQR) 1985 (1977–1994) 2001 (1991–2010) 19 (18–40) 30 (26–36) women 22.9 (20.9–25.4) kg/m 23.2 (21.2–26.1) women. Normal (BMI 18.5–24.9 ) present 67% 64% obesity (BMI≥30 5% 10% time first measured self-reported current assessment emigration, death 31.4 (21.8–40.8) 19.6 (9.3–29.0) During follow-up, 283 244 123 457 died. Future plans sample size long Study will provide robust results anthropometric measures risk common diseases causes deaths, novel findings subgroups rarer outcomes.

Language: Английский

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