Extreme cyclone events in the Arctic: Wintertime variability and trends DOI Creative Commons
Annette Rinke, Marion Maturilli, Robert M. Graham

et al.

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 094006 - 094006

Published: Aug. 23, 2017

Typically 20–40 extreme cyclone events (sometimes called 'weather bombs') occur in the Arctic North Atlantic per winter season, with an increasing trend of 6 events/decade over 1979–2015, according to hourly station data from Ny-Ålesund. This increased frequency cyclones is consistent observed significant warming, indicating that meridional heat and moisture transport they bring a factor rising temperatures region. The dominated by positive monthly about 3–4 November–December, due mainly persistence events. A negative January opposes this, while there no February. We relate regional patterns anomalously low sea-ice conditions recent years, together associated large-scale atmospheric circulation changes such as 'blockinglike' (e.g. Scandinavian blocking December Ural during January–February).

Language: Английский

Recent Arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather DOI

Judah Cohen,

James A. Screen, Jason C. Furtado

et al.

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 7(9), P. 627 - 637

Published: Aug. 17, 2014

Language: Английский

Citations

2205
Weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex by Arctic sea-ice loss DOI Open Access
Baek‐Min Kim, Seok‐Woo Son, Seung‐Ki Min

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Sept. 2, 2014

Language: Английский

Citations

723
Divergent consensuses on Arctic amplification influence on midlatitude severe winter weather DOI

Judah Cohen,

Xiangdong Zhang, Jennifer A. Francis

et al.

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 20 - 29

Published: Dec. 23, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

633
Evidence for a wavier jet stream in response to rapid Arctic warming DOI Creative Commons
Jennifer A. Francis,

Stephen J. Vavrus

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 014005 - 014005

Published: Jan. 1, 2015

New metrics and evidence are presented that support a linkage between rapid Arctic warming, relative to Northern hemisphere mid-latitudes, more frequent high-amplitude (wavy) jet-stream configurations favor persistent weather patterns. We find robust relationships among seasonal regional patterns of weaker poleward thickness gradients, zonal upper-level winds, meridional flow direction. These results suggest as the continues warm faster than elsewhere in response rising greenhouse-gas concentrations, frequency extreme events caused by will increase.

Language: Английский

Citations

599
Observed Arctic sea-ice loss directly follows anthropogenic CO 2 emission DOI Open Access
Dirk Notz,

Julienne Stroeve

Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 354(6313), P. 747 - 750

Published: Nov. 4, 2016

Arctic sea ice is retreating rapidly, raising prospects of a future ice-free Ocean during summer. Because climate-model simulations the sea-ice loss differ substantially, we used robust linear relationship between monthly-mean September area and cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to infer evolution summer directly from observational record. The observed implies sustained 3 ± 0.3 square meters per metric ton CO2 emission. On basis this sensitivity, will be lost throughout for an additional 1000 gigatons emissions. Most models show lower which possibly linked underestimation modeled increase in incoming longwave radiation transient climate response.

Language: Английский

Citations

496
The impact of Arctic warming on the midlatitude jet‐stream: Can it? Has it? Will it? DOI
Elizabeth A. Barnes, James A. Screen

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 277 - 286

Published: March 13, 2015

The Arctic lower atmosphere has warmed more rapidly than that of the globe as a whole, and this been accompanied by unprecedented sea ice melt. Such large environmental changes are already having profound impacts on flora, fauna, inhabitants region. An open question, however, is whether these have an effect jet‐stream thereby influence weather patterns farther south. This broad question recently received lot scientific media attention, but conclusions appear contradictory rather consensual. We argue one point confusion arisen due to ambiguities in exact being posed. In study, we frame our inquiries around three distinct questions: Can warming midlatitude jet‐stream? Has significantly influenced Will framing discussion it?, it? provides insight into common themes emerging literature well highlights challenges ahead. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:277–286. doi: 10.1002/wcc.337 article categorized under: Paleoclimates Current Trends > Detection Attribution Climate Models Modeling Knowledge Generation with

Language: Английский

Citations

494
The influence of Arctic amplification on mid-latitude summer circulation DOI Creative Commons
Dim Coumou, Giorgia Di Capua, S. J. Vavrus

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 23, 2018

Accelerated warming in the Arctic, as compared to rest of globe, might have profound impacts on mid-latitude weather. Most studies analyzing Arctic links weather focused winter, yet recent summers seen strong reductions sea-ice extent and snow cover, a weakened equator-to-pole thermal gradient associated weakening circulation. We review scientific evidence behind three leading hypotheses influence changes summer weather: Weakened storm tracks, shifted jet streams, amplified quasi-stationary waves. show that interactions between teleconnections other remote regional feedback processes could lead more persistent hot-dry extremes mid-latitudes. The exact nature these non-linear is not well quantified but they provide potential high-impact risks for society.

Language: Английский

Citations

470
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: Sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans DOI Creative Commons
Eddy C. Carmack, Michiyo Yamamoto‐Kawai, Thomas W. N. Haine

et al.

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 121(3), P. 675 - 717

Published: Oct. 12, 2015

Abstract The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess system's key functions processes: (1) delivery of fresh low‐salinity waters to by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during freeze/thaw cycle, Pacific inflows; (2) disposition (e.g., sources, pathways, storage) freshwater components within Ocean; (3) release export into bordering convective domains North Atlantic. then examine physical, chemical, or biological processes which are influenced constrained local quantities geochemical qualities freshwater; these include stratification vertical mixing, ocean heat flux, nutrient supply, primary production, acidification, biogeochemical cycling. Internal joint effects sea ice decline intensification have strengthened coupling between atmosphere wind drift stresses, solar radiation, moisture exchange), drainage basins discharge, sediment transport, erosion), terrestrial ecosystems greening, dissolved particulate carbon loading, altered phenology biotic components). External acts as both constraint necessary ingredient for deep convection subarctic gyres thus affects Geochemical fingerprints attained likewise exported neighboring systems beyond. Finally, we discuss observed modeled changes this system on seasonal, annual, decadal time scales mechanisms that link marine atmospheric, terrestrial, cryospheric systems.

Language: Английский

Citations

432
The Melting Arctic and Midlatitude Weather Patterns: Are They Connected?* DOI
James E. Overland, Jennifer A. Francis, Richard J. Hall

et al.

Journal of Climate, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 28(20), P. 7917 - 7932

Published: May 14, 2015

Abstract The potential of recent Arctic changes to influence hemispheric weather is a complex and controversial topic with considerable uncertainty, as time series linkages are short (<10 yr) understanding involves the relative contribution direct forcing by on chaotic climatic system. A way forward through further investigation atmospheric dynamic mechanisms. During several exceptionally warm winters since 2007, sea ice loss in Barents Kara Seas initiated eastward-propagating wave trains high low pressure. Anomalous pressure east Ural Mountains advected air over central eastern Asia, resulting persistent cold spells. Blocking near Greenland related low-level temperature anomalies led northerly flow into North America, inducing periods. Potential connections Europe less clear. Variability Pacific can reinforce downstream changes, amplification accentuate impact variability. authors emphasize multiple linkage mechanisms that regional, episodic, based existing jet stream patterns, which result combination internal variability, lower-tropospheric anomalies, midlatitude teleconnections. quantitative change may not be resolved within foreseeable future, yet new studies changing subarctic low-frequency dynamics, together additional observations, contribute improved skill extended-range forecasts, planned WMO Polar Prediction Project (PPP).

Language: Английский

Citations

391
Linking atmospheric pollution to cryospheric change in the Third Pole region: current progress and future prospects DOI Creative Commons
Shichang Kang, Qianggong Zhang, Yun Qian

et al.

National Science Review, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 796 - 809

Published: March 5, 2019

ABSTRACT The Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings are known as the Third Pole (TP). This region is noted for high rates of glacier melt associated hydrological shifts that affect water supplies in Asia. Atmospheric pollutants contribute to climatic cryospheric changes through their effects on solar radiation albedos snow ice surfaces; moreover, behavior fates within cryosphere environmental impacts topics increasing concern. In this review, we introduce a coordinated monitoring research framework network link atmospheric pollution (APCC) TP region. We then provide an up-to-date summary progress achievements related APCC framework, including aspects pollution's composition concentration, spatial temporal variations, trans-boundary transport pathways mechanisms, warming atmosphere changing Indian monsoon, well melting cover. highlight exogenous air can enter into TP’s environments cause great regional changes. At last, propose future priorities map out extended program at global scale. ongoing activities facilitate comprehensive studies atmosphere–cryosphere interactions, represent one China's key expeditions polar regions perspective earth system science.

Language: Английский

Citations

382