Changing state of Arctic sea ice across all seasons

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 103001 - 103001

Published: Sept. 3, 2018

The decline in the floating sea ice cover Arctic is one of most striking manifestations climate change. In this review, we examine ongoing loss across all seasons. Our analysis based on satellite retrievals, atmospheric reanalysis, climate-model simulations and a literature review. We find that relative to 1981–2010 reference period, recent anomalies spring winter coverage have been more significant than any observed drop summer extent (SIE) throughout period. For example, SIE May November 2016 was almost four standard deviations below these months. Decadal during months has accelerated from −2.4 %/decade 1979 1999 −3.4%/decade 2000 onwards. also regional for given region, seasonal larger closer region outer edge cover. Finally, months, identify robust linear relationship between pan-Arctic total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. annual cycle per ton emissions ranges slightly above 1 m2 3 summer. Based extrapolation trends, Ocean will become sea-ice free August September an additional 800 ± 300 Gt emissions, while it becomes July October 1400

Language: Английский

---

Greater role for Atlantic inflows on sea-ice loss in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean

Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 356(6335), P. 285 - 291

Published: April 7, 2017

Arctic sea-ice loss is a leading indicator of climate change and can be attributed, in large part, to atmospheric forcing. Here, we show that recent ice reductions, weakening the halocline, shoaling intermediate-depth Atlantic Water layer eastern Eurasian Basin have increased winter ventilation ocean interior, making this region structurally similar western Basin. The associated enhanced release oceanic heat has reduced formation at rate now comparable losses from thermodynamic forcing, thus explaining reduction cover This encroaching "atlantification" represents an essential step toward new state, with substantially greater role for inflows.

Language: Английский

---

Arctic warming hotspot in the northern Barents Sea linked to declining sea-ice import

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 634 - 639

Published: June 21, 2018

Language: Английский

---

Increasing ocean stratification over the past half-century

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 1116 - 1123

Published: Sept. 28, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Arctic terrestrial hydrology: A synthesis of processes, regional effects, and research challenges

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 121(3), P. 621 - 649

Published: Feb. 5, 2016

Abstract Terrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water transport water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this paper, which component of Freshwater Synthesis, we review processes in terrestrial drainage how they function change seven hydrophysiographical regions (Arctic tundra, boreal plains, shield, mountains, grasslands, glaciers/ice caps, wetlands). We also highlight links between other components system. terms key processes, snow cover extent duration generally decreasing on pan‐Arctic scale, but depth likely increase tundra. Evapotranspiration will overall, as it coupled shifts landscape characteristics, regional changes are uncertain may vary over time. Streamflow with increasing precipitation, high low flows decrease some regions. Continued permafrost thaw trigger hydrological multiple ways, particularly through connectivity groundwater surface changing storage lakes soils, influence exchange moisture atmosphere. Other effects include increased risks infrastructure resource planning, ecosystem shifts, growing water, nutrients, sediment, carbon ocean. Coordinated efforts monitoring, modeling, processing studies at various scales required improve understanding change, particular interfaces hydrology, atmosphere, ecology, resources, oceans.

Language: Английский

---

The urgency of Arctic change

Polar Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 21, P. 6 - 13

Published: Nov. 27, 2018

This article provides a synthesis of the latest observational trends and projections for future Arctic. First, Arctic is already changing rapidly as result climate change. Contemporary warm temperatures large sea ice deficits (75% volume loss) demonstrate states outside previous experience. Modeled changes cryosphere that even limiting global temperature increases to near 2 °C will leave much different environment by mid-century with less snow ice, melted permafrost, altered ecosystems, projected annual mean increase +4 °C. Second, under ambitious emission reduction scenarios, high-latitude land melt, including Greenland, are foreseen continue due internal lags, leading accelerating level rise throughout century. Third, may in turn impact lower latitudes through tundra greenhouse gas release shifts ocean atmospheric circulation. Arctic-specific radiative heat storage feedbacks become an obstacle achieving stabilized climate. In light these trends, precautionary principle calls early adaptation mitigation actions.

Language: Английский

---

Phytoplankton dynamics in a changing Arctic Ocean

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 892 - 903

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Understanding Arctic Ocean Circulation: A Review of Ocean Dynamics in a Changing Climate

Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 125(4)

Published: March 17, 2020

Abstract The Arctic Ocean is a focal point of climate change, with ocean warming, freshening, sea‐ice decline, and circulation that link to the changing atmospheric terrestrial environment. Major features interconnected nature its wind‐ buoyancy‐driven are reviewed here by presenting synthesis observational data interpreted from perspective geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD). general seen be superposition Atlantic Water flowing into around basin two main wind‐driven interior stratified Ocean: Transpolar Drift Stream Beaufort Gyre. specific drivers these systems, including wind forcing, ice‐ocean interactions, surface buoyancy fluxes, their associated GFD explored. essential understanding guides an assessment how structure might fundamentally change as warms, cover declines, ice remains becomes more mobile.

Language: Английский

---

The atmospheric role in the Arctic water cycle: A review on processes, past and future changes, and their impacts

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 121(3), P. 586 - 620

Published: Dec. 11, 2015

Abstract Atmospheric humidity, clouds, precipitation, and evapotranspiration are essential components of the Arctic climate system. During recent decades, specific humidity precipitation have generally increased in Arctic, but changes poorly known. Trends clouds vary depending on region season. Climate model experiments suggest that increases related to global warming. In turn, feedbacks associated with increase atmospheric moisture decrease sea ice snow cover contributed amplification models captured overall wetting trend limited success reproducing regional details. For rest 21st century, project strong warming increasing different yield results for cloud cover. The differences largest months minimum Evapotranspiration is projected winter summer over oceans land. Increasing net river discharge Ocean. Over summer, rain snowfall surface albedo and, hence, further amplify snow/ice melt. With reducing ice, wind forcing Ocean impacts ocean currents freshwater transport out Arctic. Improvements observations, process understanding, modeling capabilities needed better quantify role water cycle its changes.

Language: Английский

---

LS3MIP (v1.0) contribution to CMIP6: the Land Surface, Snow and Soil moisture Model Intercomparison Project – aims, setup and expected outcome

Geoscientific model development, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. 2809 - 2832

Published: Aug. 24, 2016

Abstract. The Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project (LS3MIP) is designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of land surface, snow soil moisture feedbacks on climate variability change, diagnose systematic biases in the modules current Earth system models (ESMs). solid liquid water stored at surface has large influence regional climate, its predictability, including effects energy, carbon cycles. Notably, affect radiation flux partitioning properties, storage memory. They both strongly atmospheric conditions, particular air temperature precipitation, but also large-scale circulation patterns. However, show divergent responses representations these as well underlying processes. LS3MIP will means quantify associated uncertainties better constrain change projections, which interest for highly vulnerable regions (densely populated areas, agricultural regions, Arctic, semi-arid other sensitive terrestrial ecosystems). experiments are subdivided two components, first addressing offline mode (“LMIP”, building upon 3rd phase Global Wetness Project; GSWP3) second attributed an integrated framework (“LFMIP”, GLACE-CMIP blueprint).

Language: Английский

---