The Assessment and Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Autistic People: A Systematic Review

Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract Adverse life events and mental health conditions are unfortunately common amongst autistic adults children; this may present a vulnerability to developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review provides an update of Rumball’s ( Review Journal Autism Developmental Disorders , 6 294–324, 2019) PTSD in individuals identifies 18 new studies published from 2017 2022, reflecting increased research interest populations. Included literature suggests that children experience more severe symptoms compared their non-autistic peers, with at least comparable rates occurrence. We provide comprehensive overview emerging field identify the need for future validate symptom assessment tools treatment strategies investigate unique manifestations trauma-related individuals.

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Treatment Interventions for Individuals With Intellectual Disability and Trauma Symptoms: A Review of the Recent Literature

Trauma Violence & Abuse, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 541 - 554

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

Individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at increased susceptibility to adverse life experiences and trauma sequelae. There is a disparate range of therapeutic interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated symptoms. This systematic review aimed appraise the effectiveness both cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) PTSD symptoms adults children mild, moderate, or severe delay. A search, in line Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses guidelines, PsychInfo, PubMed, Cochrane Database Reviews, MEDLINE databases were performed, all relevant articles published between 2010 March 2020 included. total 11 included, eight that focused on EMDR three CBT. The methodological quality many these was generally weak. Tentative findings suggest CBT acceptable feasible treatment options among varying levels delay, but no firm conclusions can be drawn regarding due small sample sizes, lack standardized assessment, paucity rigorous designs. highlights continued use approaches clients presenting IDs PTSD. It adds extant literature by providing an expansive broad overview current Further high-quality research needed provide more conclusive modifications this population.

Language: Английский

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Trauma and psychosocial adversity in youth with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Traumatic experiences contribute significantly to behavioral and mood dysregulation syndromes presenting for treatment health settings. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability (ID) developmental delay experience traumatic events more frequently than their typically developing peers. However, measures used identify trauma related disorders thereof are based on individuals. Regardless of the baseline characteristics individuals who trauma, exposure is result multiple interdependent environmental, social, familial characteristics. We “ecological systems analysis approach” structure our review impact those ASD ID. In addition, COVID-19 pandemic which exposed global population a collective has also catalyzed investigations into challenges faced by members society most dependent social services. Children ID were among vulnerable individuals, allowed researchers better understand It imperative that we current research recommendations identifying treating trauma-related in best inform clinical practice directions future this area.

Language: Английский

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Self-Compassion isn’t Always Easy: Helping Autistic Adults Navigate Difficult Responses to Self-Compassion Practices

Neurodiversity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: March 1, 2025

There is growing research interest in examining how cultivating autistic adults’ self-compassion may improve their mental health and overall well-being. However, caution needed applying compassion-based therapies to adults due the phenomenon of backdraft, which an intense, distressing reaction that can occur during practices. Autistic individuals, often burdened with trauma past adverse experiences, be particularly vulnerable backdraft. Preliminary indicates a large proportion report experiences indicating significant potential for short-term effects. This Perspective piece provides brief overview highlights why backdraft relevant involving adults, offers recommendations on study clinically support through experiences. We advocate into mechanisms stress importance trauma-sensitive therapeutic approaches. also recommend clinicians proactively address provide necessary ensure these remain beneficial. perspective underscores understanding unique challenges individuals face calls rigorous clinical strategies mitigate risks associated

Language: Английский

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Assessing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults with Mild Intellectual Disabilities or Borderline Intellectual Functioning

Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 110 - 126

Published: April 2, 2020

Introduction: Persons with mild intellectual disability or borderline functioning (MID-BIF, IQ 50–85) are at high risk for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A diagnostic instrument to establish a valid and reliable DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis in adults MID-BIF was lacking. Aim current study determine reliability validity Adapted ADIS-C PTSD-adults assessment according DSM-IV-TR MID-BIFMethod: 106 (18– 72 years old) were interviewed using PTSD-adultsResults: Agreement between raters appeared be good (mean Cohen’s kappa traumatic event scores 0.84, fulfillment A-criterion 0.50, symptom 0.90). Content supported by significant positive association on IES-IDs, DSM-IV screening (DSM-IV: r = .58; DSM-5: .43; ps <.001). Convergent considering correlations rates symptoms ADESS, measuring anxiety stress, depression, social avoidance .47; .49; <.001)Conclusion: The is suitable assessing MID-BIF, an important step gain access trauma-focused interventions that have shown applicable potentially effective this high-risk target group.

Language: Английский

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Using EMDR with autistic individuals: A Delphi survey with EMDR therapists

Autism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 43 - 53

Published: April 6, 2022

Autistic individuals are at greater risk of experiencing adverse and traumatic life events. Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR), a psychological therapy, is potentially effective for treating the constellation difficulties arising from experiences, as well mental health conditions. Yet minimal research has focused on how EMDR may require adaptation to improve its accessibility, acceptability effectiveness autistic individuals. In three-round Delphi survey, 103 therapists were asked about barriers adaptations employed enhance so generate consensus important or essential components EMDR. Four types highlighted: client-related characteristics, therapist-related differences in therapeutic relationship systemic issues. One hundred twenty-four identified, including 35 general (i.e. relevant across phases), 81 relating specific phases 8 clinical supervision. Of these, 27 used often always by least 80% participants; further 61 sometimes incorporated within depending client. Study findings highlight need have training autism potential ways tailoring EMDR, that individual case conceptualisation key. Lay abstract (EMDR) therapy can help people process memories distress past events, they less impact their daily lives. be symptoms post-traumatic stress disorder, nightmares anxiety. Psychological therapies usually more accessible people, but best adapted. this online survey study, we think face when trying what use everyday practice. broader Therapists identified range useful being flexible, communicating clearly having an awareness differences. Many emphasised importance not making assumptions person based diagnosis. Overall, study suggest likely useful, depends each person.

Language: Английский

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Feasibility and potential effectiveness of an intensive trauma-focused treatment programme for families with PTSD and mild intellectual disability

European journal of psychotraumatology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 14, 2020

Persons with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline functioning (MID-BIF; IQ 50-85) have a higher risk of being exposed to traumatic events and developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR therapy has shown be applicable, safe potentially effective for the treatment PTSD in individuals MID-BIF. However, traumatized multi-problem families MID-BIF (impending) out home placement children, standard an outpatient setting may not appropriate.To evaluate feasibility potential effectiveness KINGS-ID, six-week clinical trauma-focused programme consisting intensive parents parental skills training followed by two weeks parent support at home.Six (nine whom six had MID-BIF) 10 children (all having participated KINGS-ID programme. Seven seven PTSD. Data were collected within single case study design. For each family member data during baseline (three measurements), (seven weekly posttreatment measurements) follow-up measurements).None members dropped out. Within first all but one child no longer met symptom criteria. In both parents, trauma-related symptoms daily life impairment significantly decreased following significant decrease general psychopathology was found. Results maintained six-month follow-up.The findings current are promising given that seems offer new perspectives MID-BIF.Antecedentes: Las personas con discapacidades intelectuales moderadas o funcionamiento intelectual límite tienen un mayor riesgo de estar expuestas eventos traumáticos y desarrollar trastorno estrés postraumático (TEPT). La terapia DRMO ha demostrado ser aplicable, segura potencialmente efectiva para el tratamiento TEPT en individuos Sin embargo, familias traumatizadas múltiples problemas e inminente relocalización niños fuera del hogar, estándar modalidad ambulatoria puede inapropiado.Objetivo: Evaluar la factibilidad potencial efectividad programa clínico seis semanas centrado trauma, consistente intensivo padres niños, entrenamiento habilidades parentales seguido por dos apoyo hogar.Método: Seis (nueve padres, los cuales tenían (todos participaron KINGS-ID. Siete siete TEPT. Los datos fueron recopilados diseño estudio caso único. Para cada miembro familia obtenidos durante inicio (tres mediciones), (siete mediciones semanales), post-tratamiento mediciones) seguimiento mediciones).Resultados: Ningún las desertó. Durante primeras tratamiento, todos excepto niño padre cumplían criterios sintomáticos Tanto como síntomas relacionados trauma deterioro vida diaria disminuyeron significativamente siguiendo se encontró una disminución significativa psicopatología parental. resultados mantuvieron meses seguimiento.Conclusiones: hallazgos este son promisorios, dado que parece ofrecer nuevas perspectivas MID-BIF.背景: 患有轻度智力障碍或具有边缘智力功能 的人暴露于创伤事件并发展为创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的风险更高。 EMDR治疗已被证明对于MID-BIF患者的PTSD治疗是适用, 安全并且可能有效的。但是, 在患有MID-BIF和 (即将) 离家安置的儿童的多问题创伤家庭中, 门诊环境中的标准PTSD治疗可能不合适。目的: 评估KINGS-ID这项为期六周的聚焦创伤临床治疗方案的可行性和潜在有效性, 该方案包括与父母和孩子的强化EMDR治疗, 父母技能培训以及在家中接受父母两周的支持。方法: 六个家庭 (9个父母中有6个患有MID-BIF) 和十个孩子 (都具有MID-BIF) 参加了KINGS-ID计划。七个父母和七个孩子患有PTSD。在单个案例研究设计中收集数据。对于每个家庭成员, 在基线 (3次测量), 治疗时 (每周7次测量), 治疗后 (3次测量) 和随访 期间收集数据。结果: 无家庭成员流失。在前两个治疗周内, 除一个孩子和一个父母之外, 其他参与者均不再符合PTSD症状标准。在儿童和父母中, 创伤相关症状和日常生活障碍在治疗后均显著降低, 在父母中发现了总体精神病态状态和父母压力的显著下降。结果在六个月的随访中维持。结论: 鉴于该治疗方案似乎为遭受创伤的MID-BIF多问题家庭提供了新视角, 本研究结果很有前景。.

Language: Английский

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Association of adverse childhood experiences and precuneus volume with intrusive reexperiencing in autism spectrum disorder

Autism Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1886 - 1895

Published: June 29, 2021

Abstract Compared to typically developing (TD) children, people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an increased risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Exposure ACEs is associated adult ASD psychological comorbidities, such as posttraumatic stress (PTSD). Occurrence intrusive event reexperiencing, characteristic PTSD, often causes social dysfunction in adults ASD, but its pathological basis unclear. This study examined brain regions related the severity reexperiencing and explored whether ACE was that and/or extracted regional gray matter volume. Forty‐six individuals 41 TD subjects underwent T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging evaluation reexperiencing. Brain both groups were identified by voxel‐based whole analyses. Associations among ACEs, volume groups. The severities significantly reduced right precuneus not subjects. Although smaller severe than those mild or subjects, it similar latter two However, ACE‐dependent reduction led ASD. suggests exposure reduction, which critical for Lay Summary Individuals are at (ACEs) subsequent manifestation stressful life events. present found more These results suggest affect neural development precuneus,

Language: Английский

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Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in adolescents with autism; Efficacy on ASD symptoms and stress

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Introduction Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a well-established thoroughly researched treatment method for posttraumatic stress symptoms. When patients with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are treated EMDR their Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), they sometimes report decrease in the core symptoms of ASD. This explorative pre-post-follow up design study designed to investigate whether focus on daily experienced stress, effective reducing ASD adolescents Methods Twenty-one (age 12 19) were ten sessions EMDR, focusing events stress. Results No significant was found total score Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) as reported by caregivers from baseline end measurement. However, there SRS comparing follow-up On two subscales, Awareness Communication, follow-up. subscales Motivation Restricted Interests Repetitive Behavior, no effects found. pre- posttest scores measured Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2), contrary, self-reported Perceived (PSS) showed Also, 52% improvement global clinical functioning at endpoint measurement Clinical Global Impression Improvement, rated independent child psychiatrist. Discussion In sum, these results this uncontrolled suggest partial effect symptoms, caregivers. addition, show that significantly reduce perceived participants, improves functioning. The also ‘sleeper effect’, since between baseline- post- measurements, but only follow three months after treatment. finding line other studies investigating psychotherapeutic Implications practice suggestions future research discussed.

Language: Английский

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Approaches to improving mental healthcare for autistic people: systematic review

BJPsych Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(4)

Published: July 1, 2024

Background Autistic people have a high likelihood of developing mental health difficulties but low chance receiving effective healthcare. Therefore, there is need to identify and examine strategies improve healthcare for autistic people. Aims To that been implemented access, experiences care outcomes adults, evidence on their acceptability, feasibility effectiveness. Method A co-produced systematic review was conducted. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, medRxiv PsyArXiv were searched. We included all study designs reporting acceptability or empirical quantitative effectiveness outcomes. Data synthesised using narrative approach. Results total 30 articles identified. These 16 studies adapted interventions, eight service improvements six bespoke interventions developed There no conclusive However, most approaches appeared be feasible acceptable. Identified adaptations acceptable feasible, including increasing knowledge detection autism, providing environmental adjustments communication accommodations, accommodating individual differences modifying the structure content interventions. Conclusion Many identified are acceptable, can readily in services with potential make more suitable people, important research gaps remain. Future should address these investigate package improvement measures.

Language: Английский

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