From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Increased production and buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, neurological conditions. Our bodies counteract ROS with biological antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, GPx, which help prevent cellular damage. However, if there is an imbalance between these antioxidants, it result in oxidative stress. This cause genetic epigenetic changes at the molecular level. review delves into how plays a role disorders caused by We also look animal models used for researching pathways. study offers insights mechanism, pathology, changes, assist drug development disease understanding.

Language: Английский

---

Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Management Using Traditional Medicinal Plants

Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 14, P. 47 - 74

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. While there currently no cure for AD, several pharmacotherapeutic targets management strategies have been explored. Additionally, traditional medicinal plants gained attention their potential role in AD management. Pharmacotherapeutic include amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction. Traditional plants, such as Ginkgo biloba, Huperzia serrata, Curcuma longa (turmeric), Panax ginseng, demonstrated the ability to modulate these through bioactive compounds. biloba , instance, contains flavonoids terpenoids that exhibit neuroprotective effects reducing Aβ deposition enhancing cerebral blood flow. serrata natural source of huperzine A, has acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting properties, thus improving function. enriched with curcumin, exhibits anti-inflammatory antioxidant effects, potentially mitigating neuroinflammation stress. ginseng's ginsenosides shown anti-amyloidogenic properties. The investigation complementary approach offers advantages, including lower risk adverse multi-target interactions. Furthermore, cultural knowledge utilization provide rich information development new therapies. However, further research necessary elucidate precise mechanisms action, standardize preparations, assess safety efficacy remedies. Integrating medicinal-plant-based therapies modern pharmacotherapies may hold key more comprehensive effective treatment. This review aims explore its Keywords: disease, acetylcholinesterase, amyloid beta, protein, medicine, Ayurvedic herbs, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, disorders, cognition

Language: Английский

---

Bridging gap in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease via postbiotics: Current practices and future prospects

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102689 - 102689

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 213 - 213

Published: Jan. 23, 2022

It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will double by year 2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not prevent, delay progression of, or cure disease. Interestingly, a shared characteristic AD and other neurodegenerative diseases disorders oxidative stress. Despite profound evidence supporting role stress in pathogenesis AD, none treatment options address Recently, attention has been placed on use antioxidants to mitigate effects central nervous system. In preclinical studies utilizing cellular animal models, natural showed therapeutic promise when administered alone combination compounds. More recently, concept antioxidant therapy explored as novel approach preventing treating conditions present contributing factor. this review, relationship between pathology neuroprotective from sources are discussed. Additionally, potential preventatives and/or for examined, special paid combinations conjugates being investigated human clinical trials.

Language: Английский

---

Recent Advances in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 835 - 835

Published: April 11, 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Most existing treatments only provide symptomatic solutions. Here, we introduce currently available commercial drugs new therapeutics, including repositioned drugs, to treat AD. Despite tremendous efforts, targeting the hallmarks of AD show limited efficacy. Challenges in treating are partly caused by difficulties penetrating blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, nanoparticle (NP)-based systems have shown promising potential as precision medicines that can effectively penetrate BBB enhance ability numerous drugs. describe how NPs enter brain crossing, avoiding, or disrupting BBB. In addition, overview action microenvironment for treatment Diverse systems, liposomes, micelles, polymeric NPs, solid-lipid inorganic been investigated NP drug loading relieve symptoms, target hallmarks, moieties diagnose We also highlight NP-based immunotherapy, which has recently gained special attention a option disrupt progression. Overall, this review focuses on represent innovative strategies understand pathogenesis suggests diagnostic modalities cure

Language: Английский

---

Iron Dysregulation in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 692 - 692

Published: March 31, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative characterized by neuronal dysfunction, and decreased memory cognitive function. Iron critical for activity, neurotransmitter biosynthesis, energy homeostasis. accumulation occurs in AD results dysfunction through activation of multifactorial mechanisms. Mitochondria generate iron key co-factor required for: (1) ATP production the electron transport chain, (2) heme protein biosynthesis (3) iron-sulfur cluster formation. Disruptions homeostasis result mitochondrial energetic failure. Ferroptosis, non-apoptotic iron-dependent form cell death mediated uncontrolled reactive oxygen species lipid peroxidation, associated with other diseases. pathogenesis complex multiple diverse interacting players including Aβ-plaque formation, phosphorylated tau, redox stress. Unfortunately, clinical trials based on targeting these canonical hallmarks have been largely unsuccessful. Here, we review evidence linking dysregulation to potential ferroptosis as therapeutic intervention AD.

Language: Английский

---

Healthy lifestyles and wellbeing reduce neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Since the mid-20th century, Western societies have considered productivity and economic outcomes are more important than focusing on people's health wellbeing. This focus has created lifestyles with high stress levels, associated overconsumption of unhealthy foods little exercise, which negatively affect lives, subsequently lead to development pathologies, including neurodegenerative psychiatric disorders. Prioritizing a healthy lifestyle maintain wellbeing may slow onset or reduce severity pathologies. It is win-win for everyone; individuals. A balanced increasingly being adopted globally, many doctors encouraging meditation prescribing non-pharmaceutical interventions treat depression. In disorders, inflammatory response system brain (neuroinflammation) activated. Many risks factors now known be linked neuroinflammation such as stress, pollution, saturated trans fat diet. On other hand, studies habits anti-inflammatory products lower levels reduced risk Sharing protective critical so that individuals can make informed choices promote positive aging throughout their lifespan. Most strategies manage diseases palliative because neurodegeneration been progressing silently decades before symptoms appear. Here, we preventing by adopting an integrated "healthy" approach. review summarizes role

Language: Английский

---

Common and Trace Metals in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(21), P. 15721 - 15721

Published: Oct. 29, 2023

Trace elements and metals play critical roles in the normal functioning of central nervous system (CNS), their dysregulation has been implicated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Parkinson’s (PD). In a healthy CNS, zinc, copper, iron, manganese vital enzyme cofactors, supporting neurotransmission, cellular metabolism, antioxidant defense. Imbalances these trace can lead to oxidative stress, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby contributing neurodegeneration. AD, copper zinc imbalances are associated with amyloid-beta tau pathology, impacting cognitive function. PD involves disruption iron levels, leading damage neuronal loss. Toxic metals, like cadmium, impair synaptic transmission exacerbate neuroinflammation, CNS health. The role aluminum AD neurofibrillary tangle formation also noted. Understanding health might offer potential therapeutic targets for disorders. Codex Alimentarius standards concerning mentioned foods may be one key legal contributions safeguarding public Further research is needed fully comprehend complex mechanisms develop effective interventions.

Language: Английский

---

Challenges and Opportunities of Metal Chelation Therapy in Trace Metals Overload-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease

Neurotoxicity Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(3), P. 270 - 287

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

---

8-Hydroxyquinolylnitrones as multifunctional ligands for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 2152 - 2175

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

We describe the development of quinolylnitrones (QNs) as multifunctional ligands inhibiting cholinesterases (ChEs: acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase-hBChE) monoamine oxidases (hMAO-A/B) for therapy neurodegenerative diseases. identified QN 19, a simple, low molecular weight nitrone, that is readily synthesized from commercially available 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carbaldehyde. Quinolylnitrone 19 has no typical pharmacophoric element to suggest ChE or MAO inhibition, yet unexpectedly showed potent inhibition hBChE (IC50 = 1.06 ± 0.31 nmol/L) hMAO-B 4.46 0.18 μmol/L). The crystal structures with provided structural basis binding, which was further studied by enzyme kinetics. Compound acted free radical scavenger biometal chelator, crossed blood-brain barrier, not cytotoxic, neuroprotective properties in 6-hydroxydopamine cell model Parkinson's disease. In addition, vivo studies anti-amnesic effect scopolamine-induced mouse AD without adverse effects on motoric function coordination. Importantly, chronic treatment double transgenic APPswe-PS1δE9 mice reduced amyloid plaque load hippocampus cortex female mice, underscoring disease-modifying 19.

Language: Английский

---