Novel Micro-Ribonucleic Acid Biomarkers for Early Detection of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications—A Literature Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 753 - 753

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread chronic diseases globally, with its prevalence expected to rise significantly in years ahead. Previous studies on risk stratification for T2DM identify certain biomarkers, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), fructosamine, and albumin, as key indicators predicting onset progression T2DM. However, these traditional markers have been shown lack sensitivity specificity their results are difficult analyze due non-standardized interpretation criteria, posing significant challenges an accurate definitive diagnosis. The strict measures may not catch gradual increases blood sugar levels during early stages evolution, might still fall within acceptable glycemic parameters. Recent advancements research suggested novel micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) circulatory molecules that can facilitate detection prediabetic conditions high-risk groups potentially enable prevention This capability makes them a very powerful tool improving population health, enhancing outcomes many patients, reducing overall burden These promising biomarkers small, noncoding RNA involved regulation cellular functions hand metabolic activities cells, making useful relevant biomarker explore diagnosis review analyzes current literature, outlining occurrence miRNAs diabetic individuals implications dysglycemic disorders.

Language: Английский

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A PEG-based strategy to improve detection of clinical microRNA 155 by bio-Field Effect Transistor in high ionic strength environment

Talanta, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292, P. 127881 - 127881

Published: March 11, 2025

microRNAs are small oligonucleotides involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation whose alteration is found several diseases, including cancer, and therefore their detection crucial for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment purposes. Field-Effect Transistor-based biosensors (bioFETs) represent a promising technology the clinical of microRNAs. However, one main challenges associated with this Debye screening, becoming significant at high ionic strengths required effective hybridization. We aimed detecting oncogenic microRNA-155 by using bioFET system as capture element complementary RNA probe (antimiR-155) combined introduction PEG molecules (20 kDa, PEG20), an strength 300 mM. optimized co-immobilization ratio between antimiR-155 PEG20 assessed its impact on interactions oligonucleotides. The kinetics can be well described Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm affinity constant within range typical nucleic acid interactions. significantly enhanced sensitivity miR-155 reaching level less than 200 pM, together excellent discrimination against other clinically relevant Our findings demonstrate that incorporation constitutes strategy to mitigate screening effects facilitates bioFET-based applications physiological strengths.

Language: Английский

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Detection of miR-155 Using Peptide Nucleic Acid at Physiological-like Conditions by Surface Plasmon Resonance and Bio-Field Effect Transistor

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 79 - 79

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

MicroRNAs are small ribonucleotides that act as key gene regulators. Their altered expression is often associated with the onset and progression of several human diseases, including cancer. Given their potential use biomarkers, there a need to find detection methods for microRNAs suitable in clinical setting. Field-effect-transistor-based biosensors (bioFETs) appear be valid tools detect microRNAs, since they may reliably quantitate specific binding between immobilized probe free target solution through an easily detectable electrical signal. We have investigated microRNA 155 (miR-155) using innovative capturing constituted by synthetic peptide nucleic acid (PNA), which has advantage form duplex even at ionic strengths approaching physiological conditions. With aim develop optimized BioFET setup, interaction kinetics miR-155 chosen PNA was preliminarily surface plasmon resonance (SPR). By exploiting both these results our custom-made bioFET system, we were able attain low-cost, real-time, label-free highly nano-molar range.

Language: Английский

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miR-277 targets the proapoptotic gene-hid to ameliorate Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s model

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder, exhibits reduced cognitive function with no cure to date. One of the reasons for AD is accumulation Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) plaque(s) that trigger aberrant gene expression and signaling, which results in neuronal cell death by unknown mechanism(s). Misexpression human Aβ42 developing retina Drosophila AD-like neuropathology. Small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), post-transcriptionally regulate their target genes thereby different signaling pathways. In a forward genetic screen, we identified miR-277 (human ortholog hsa-miR-3660) as modifier Aβ42-mediated neurodegeneration. Loss-of-function enhances Whereas gain-of-function GMR > background downregulates maintain number neurons restores retinal axonal targeting defects indicating functional rescue. addition, rescues eclosion- climbing assays observed background. Thus, both structurally well functionally Furthermore, head involution defective ( hid ), evolutionarily conserved proapoptotic gene, one targets validated these using luciferase- qPCR -assays. background, reduction transcript levels one-third its compared alone. Here, provide novel molecular mechanism where , rescue neurodegeneration blocking death. These studies shed light on mechanism(s) mediate response following seen disorders humans new therapeutic

Language: Английский

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Advances in microRNAs as Emerging Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer Early Detection and Diagnosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(20), P. 11060 - 11060

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating advancements in early detection and innovative treatment strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs involved gene regulation, have emerged as crucial players pathogenesis CRC. This review synthesizes latest findings on miRNA deregulated precancerous lesions By examining deregulation patterns miRNAs across different stages CRC development, this highlights their potential diagnostic tools. We specifically analyse roles relevance four miRNAs-miR-15b, miR-21, miR-31, miR-146a-that consistently exhibit altered expression The current knowledge role key oncogenic pathways, drug resistance, clinical is discussed. Despite challenges posed by heterogeneity research CRC, integrating diagnostics into screening methods holds promise for enhancing personalized medicine approaches. emphasizes transformative diagnosis, paving way improved patient outcomes novel therapeutic paradigms.

Language: Английский

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The macrophage polarization by miRNAs and its potential role in the treatment of tumor and inflammation (Review)

Oncology Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(4)

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

The characteristics of monocyte/macrophage lineage are diversity and plasticity, mainly manifested by M1 M2 subtypes in the body tissues, playing different roles immunity. In polarization process macrophages, classic molecular mechanism is related to sequential transcription factors. Whether tumor or inflammatory local microenvironment, pathological factors microenvironment often affect participate occurrence development these processes. recent years, a growing number research results demonstrated that non‑coding RNA (ncRNA) also participates addition traditional cytokines transcriptional regulation signal pathway molecules. Among numerous ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted more attention from scholars both domestically internationally, significant progress has been made basic clinical research. Therefore, for improved understanding miRNAs macrophage analysis potential value this regulatory intervention therapy, comprehensive review relevant literature was conducted some viewpoints perspectives were proposed.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic Modifications as Novel Therapeutic Strategies of Cancer Chemoprevention by Phytochemicals

Pharmaceutical Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unfolded protein responses: Dynamic machinery in wound healing

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108798 - 108798

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic applications of miRNA in the management of obesity and osteoporosis

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: March 3, 2025

Obesity and osteoporosis are interrelated global health challenges, both characterized by dysregulated bone metabolism adipose tissue dynamics, contributing to increased fracture risk systemic complications. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulatory molecules governing intricate balance between adipogenesis osteogenesis, thereby providing a molecular link these two conditions. Both disorders alterations in which increase fractures Recent advancements biology have identified miRNAs crucial regulators disorders, influencing differentiation marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) adipocytes (fat-storing cells). This review provides comprehensive analysis dual modulating osteogenesis adipogenesis, with particular focus on their implications disease progression therapeutic strategies. It first explores how specific regulate critical energy metabolism, inflammation, remodeling pathways. By integrating insights from biology, endocrinology, clinical practice, highlights potential miRNA-based interventions. Targeting could restore offering innovative approaches simultaneously address obesity osteoporosis. These proposed strategies hold promise for improving patient outcomes mitigating risk, enhancing density, addressing metabolic dysfunctions associated obesity. Ultimately, future research should translating applications develop effective therapies that tackle complex interplay prevalent

Language: Английский

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miR-138-5p inhibits healing of femoral fracture osteogenesis in rats by modulating osteoblast differentiation via SIRT1/FOXO1 axis

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: March 14, 2025

Abstract Background MicroRNAs have a crucial part to play in maintaining bone formation, signaling, and repair. This research explored the involvement miR-138-5p modulating osteoblast differentiation femoral fractures model. Methods The role of mir-138-5p healing process rats was assessed through micro computed tomography (CT) imaging. After that, qPCR employed identify cellular mRNA expression levels miR-138-5p, SIRT1, FoxO1 either callus or MC3T3-E1. Next, protein level Runx2, OPN, OCN ALP determined by western blot ELISA. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay implemented examine target miR-138-5p. quantity mineralized nodules measured means alizarin red staining. Results inhibitor promotes mending fractures. When it is knocked down, osteogenic promoted, which may be caused enhanced activity elevation OPN OCN. Meanwhile, an increase impairs biosynthesis SIRT1 FoxO1. were downregulated with shRNA, effect could reversed. Conclusion Our studies uncovered that overexpressed might inhibitory inactivating SIRT1/FOXO1 axis.

Language: Английский

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