Auxiliary Diagnosis of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Eye-Tracking and Digital Biomarkers: Case-Control Study (Preprint) DOI
Z. Liu, Jinkai Li, Yuanyuan Zhang

et al.

Published: March 29, 2024

BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental in school-aged children. The lack of objective biomarkers for ADHD often results missed diagnoses or misdiagnoses, which lead to inappropriate delayed interventions. Eye-tracking technology provides an method assess children’s neuropsychological behavior. OBJECTIVE aim this study was develop and reliable auxiliary diagnostic system using eye-tracking technology. This would be valuable screening schools communities may help identify the clinical diagnosis ADHD. METHODS We conducted case-control children with typically developing (TD) designed assessment paradigm based on core cognitive deficits extracted various digital that represented participant behaviors. These developmental patterns were compared between TD groups. Machine learning (ML) implemented validate ability predict performance ML models evaluated 5-fold cross-validation. RESULTS recruited 216 participants, whom 94 (43.5%) 122 (56.5%) group showed significantly poorer (for accuracy completion time) than prosaccade, antisaccade, saccade tasks. In addition, there substantial differences biomarkers, such as pupil diameter fluctuation, regularity gaze trajectory, fixations unrelated areas. Although task speed increased over time, their eye-movement remained irregular. aged 5 6 years outperformed 9 10 years, difference relatively stable indicated followed unique pattern. model effective discriminating groups, achieving area under curve 0.965 0.908. CONCLUSIONS proposed effectively identified aspects constructed these achieved high reliability identifying Our can facilitate early provide clinicians reference.

Language: Английский

Visual mental imagery: Evidence for a heterarchical neural architecture DOI
Alfredo Spagna,

Zoe Heidenry,

Michelle Miselevich

et al.

Physics of Life Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48, P. 113 - 131

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

28
The Control of Movements via Motor Gamma Oscillations DOI Creative Commons

José Luis Ulloa

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 17, 2022

The ability to perform movements is vital for our daily life. Our actions are embedded in a complex environment where we need deal efficiently the face of unforeseen events. Neural oscillations play an important role basic sensorimotor processes related execution and preparation movements. In this review, I will describe state art regarding motor gamma control Experimental evidence from electrophysiological studies has shown that accomplish range functions beyond merely signaling However, these additional aspects associated with oscillation remain be fully clarified. Future work on different spatial, temporal spectral scales required further understand implications control.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Central precuneus lesions are associated with impaired executive function DOI
Brooke E. Yeager, Joel Bruss, Hugues Duffau

et al.

Brain Structure and Function, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 227(9), P. 3099 - 3108

Published: Sept. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Understanding neurocognitive recovery in older adults after total hip arthroplasty—neurocognitive assessment, blood biomarkers and patient experiences: a mixed-methods study DOI Creative Commons
Anahita Amirpour, Lina Bergman, Gabriela Markovic

et al.

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. e093872 - e093872

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Delayed neurocognitive recovery, previously known as postoperative cognitive dysfunction, is a common complication affecting older adults after surgery. This study aims to address the knowledge gap in recovery by exploring relationship between subjective experiences, performance-based measurements, and blood biomarkers. Mixed-methods with convergent parallel (QUAL+quan) design. The reports results from 40 adult patients (52.5% women; mean age 73, SD 6.7) scheduled for total hip arthroplasty at hospital Sweden. Neurocognitive performance was assessed using standardised test battery, neuroinflammation through biomarker analysis via semistructured interviews Swedish Quality of Recovery questionnaire. Five were classified having delayed based on tests. Qualitative data revealed that most reported symptoms, particularly related executive functions fatigue. Psychological factors, including sense agency low mood, significantly influenced daily functioning. Elevated inflammatory biomarkers not detected pre- or postoperatively recovery. global score 40.9, indicating quality Many decline corroborated factors influential should be routinely assessed. Future research incorporate longitudinal follow-ups fatigue assessment, evaluations instrumental activities living reporting, supported multidisciplinary team approach. NCT05361460.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Analysis of clinical anatomical correlates of motor deficits in stroke by multivariate lesion inference based on game theory DOI Creative Commons
Monica N. Toba, Caroline Malherbe, Melissa Zavaglia

et al.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: April 17, 2025

The exploration of causal functional inferences on the basis deficits observed after neurological impairments is often based separate study gray matter regions or white tracts. Here, we aimed at jointly analysing contributions and by using domain motor function approach iterative estimated Multi-perturbation Shapley Analysis (MSA), a multivariate game-theoretical lesion inference method. We analyzed scores assessed National Institute Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) together with corresponding patterns 272 stroke patients finely parcellated map 150 tracts brain. MSA revealed small set essential to from internal capsule, cortico-spinal tract, cortico-ponto-cerebellum tract. These findings emphasize connectional anatomy and, methodological side, confirm that advanced method provides practical strategy for characterization brain functions resolved maps

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Auxiliary Diagnosis of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Study with Novel Digital Biomarkers (Preprint) DOI Creative Commons

Zhongling Liu,

Jinkai Li, Yuanyuan Zhang

et al.

JMIR mhealth and uhealth, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 29, 2024

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental in school-aged children. The lack of objective biomarkers for ADHD often results missed diagnoses or misdiagnoses, which lead to inappropriate delayed interventions. Eye-tracking technology provides an method assess children's neuropsychological behavior.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
A theory of dysexecutive syndromes: variations in the effectiveness of prefrontal control of behavior DOI
Bruno Kopp

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 39 - 56

Published: March 18, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Toward a Computational Neuropsychology of Cognitive Flexibility DOI Creative Commons
Alexander Steinke, Bruno Kopp

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 1000 - 1000

Published: Dec. 17, 2020

Cognitive inflexibility is a well-documented, yet non-specific corollary of many neurological diseases. Computational modeling covert cognitive processes supporting flexibility may provide progress toward nosologically specific aspects inflexibility. We review computational models the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), which represents gold standard for clinical assessment flexibility. A parallel reinforcement-learning (RL) model provides best conceptualization individual trial-by-trial WCST responses among all considered. Clinical applications RL suggest that patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) share symptom: bradyphrenia. Impaired stimulus-response learning appears to occur specifically in PD, whereas haphazard responding seems ALS. hence possesses potential reveal profiles symptoms, remain undetectable by traditionally applied behavioral methods. The present exemplifies how neuropsychology advance discuss implications neuropsychological directions future research.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Alignment of Consumers’ Expected Brain Benefits from Food and Supplements with Measurable Cognitive Performance Tests DOI Open Access
Hayley Young, Alecia L. Cousins, Carol Byrd‐Bredbenner

et al.

Published: May 1, 2024

Consumers often cite cognitive improvements as reasons for making dietary changes or using supplements, a motivation that if leveraged could greatly enhance public health. However, rarely is it considered whether standardized tests are used in nutrition research aligned to outcomes of interest the consumer. This knowledge gap presents challenge scientific substantiation nutrition-based health benefits. Here we combined qualitative consumer and expert group methodology (1) understand how consumers comprehend potential benefits brain health, (2) determine alignment between consumers' articulated validated tools. We derived ‘Consumer Taxonomy Cognitive Affective Health Nutrition Research’ which describes affective structure from perspective. Experts agreed exist some including focused attention, sustained episodic memory, energy levels, anxiety. Prospective flow, presence represented novel require development validation new Closing science consumers, fostering co-creative approaches research, critical products recommendations support realizable benefit

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Visual mental imagery: evidence for a heterarchical neural architecture DOI Open Access
Alfredo Spagna,

Zoe Heidenry,

Chloe Lambert

et al.

Published: June 21, 2023

Theories of Visual Mental Imagery (VMI) emphasize the processes retrieval, modification, and recombination sensory information from long-term memory. Yet, only few studies have focused on behavioral mechanisms neural correlates supporting VMI stimuli different semantic domains. Therefore, we currently a limited understanding how brain generates maintains mental representations colors, faces, shapes - to name few. Such an undetermined scenario renders unclear organizational structure circuits VMI, including role early visual cortex. We aimed fill this gap by reviewing scientific literature five domains: visuospatial, face, shapes, letters imagery. Linking theory evidence over 60 experimental designs, review highlights three main points. First, there is no consistent activity in cortex across all domains, contrary prediction dominant model. Second, frontoparietal networks left hemisphere's fusiform gyrus during voluntary irrespective domain investigated. propose that these structures are part domain-general sub-network. Third, domain-specific engages specific regions ventral dorsal cortical pathways. These partly overlap with those found perception (e.g., face area for faces imagery; lingual color imagery). Altogether, reviewed suggests existence selectively engaged stimulus-specific properties colors or faces). would be supported mixing vertical horizontal connections (heterarchy) between sub-networks stimulus heterarchical organization makes predictions current models as reversed perception. Our conclusions set stage future research, which should aim characterize spatiotemporal dynamics interactions among key architecture giving rise images.

Language: Английский

Citations

2