It’s about time: mitigating cancer-related cognitive impairments through findings from computational models of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

BMC Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: July 4, 2024

Abstract Background Many cancer survivors experience cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), often with significant negative consequences across various life domains. Emerging evidence suggests that allowing additional time to process information before acting may be a useful strategy for those CRCI mitigate some of its impacts. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), measure general cognition, has shown survivors, longer task completion facilitates similar performance outcomes control populations concerning perseveration errors; key metric the WCST. However, assessing if this useful, as well determining whom it regard strengths and weaknesses among select domains, is challenging due factors such problem impurity. Accordingly, study provides an initial computational experimental assessment whether CRCI. Methods We simulated individual differences observed in humans by varying contributions executive functioning components (updating, shifting, inhibition) yield 48 distinct models Our main manipulation was then provide these more or less (at three levels 20, 40 60 cycles) executed action sort given card. compared number errors on WCST produced models. Additionally, we determined comparing human data. Results Additional processing resulted producing significantly fewer errors, supporting our hypothesis. In addition, 8 unique appeared have positive influence primarily mitigating impacts severe inhibition impairments. For global function impairments, substantial amount required most unable adequately impact performance. Conclusion rectify findings implications development practical strategies, workload deadline management occupational settings, which effects

Language: Английский

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The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Split-Half Reliability Estimates for a Self-Administered Computerized Variant

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 529 - 529

Published: April 21, 2021

Self-administered computerized assessment has the potential to increase reach of neuropsychological assessment. The present study reports first split-half reliability estimates for a self-administered variant Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), which is considered as gold standard executive functions. We analyzed data from large sample young volunteers (N = 375). Split-half perseveration errors, set-loss and inference errors were all above 0.90. response time measures on switch repeat trials exceeded 0.95. Our results indicated sufficient WCST, paving way an advanced digital discuss effects test formats, administration variants, characteristics reliability.

Language: Английский

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Intelligence IS Cognitive Flexibility: Why Multilevel Models of Within-Individual Processes Are Needed to Realise This

Journal of Intelligence, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 49 - 49

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Despite substantial evidence for the link between an individual's intelligence and successful life outcomes, questions about what defines have remained focus of heated dispute. The most common approach to understanding has been investigate performance on tests intellect is not associated with. This psychometric approach, based correlations factor analysis deficient. In this review, we aim substantiate why classic psychometrics which between-person accounts will necessarily provide a limited account until theoretical considerations within-person are incorporated. First, consider impact entrenched presumptions that support status quo impede alternative views. Second, review importance process-theories, critical any serious attempt build intelligence. Third, features dynamic tasks reviewed, outline how static can be modified target processes. Finally, explain multilevel models conceptually psychometrically well-suited building testing within-individual notions intelligence, at its core, argue cognitive flexibility. We conclude by describing application these ideas in context microworlds as case study.

Language: Английский

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Anhedonia and sensitivity to punishment in schizophrenia, depression and opiate use disorder

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 330, P. 319 - 328

Published: March 6, 2023

From a behavioural perspective anhedonia is defined as diminished interest in the engagement of pleasurable activities. Despite its presence across range psychiatric disorders, cognitive processes that give rise to remain unclear.Here we examine whether associated with learning from positive and negative outcomes patients diagnosed major depression, schizophrenia opiate use disorder alongside healthy control group. Responses Wisconsin Card Sorting Test - task prefrontal cortex function were fitted Attentional Learning Model (ALM) which separates feedback.Learning punishment, but not reward, was negatively beyond other socio-demographic, clinical variables. This impairment punishment sensitivity also faster responses following feedback, independently degree surprise.Future studies should test longitudinal association between populations controlling for effect specific medications.Together results reveal anhedonic subjects, because their expectations, are less sensitive feedbacks; this might lead them persist actions leading outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The future of neuropsychology is digital, theory-driven, and Bayesian: a paradigmatic study of cognitive flexibility

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 12, 2024

Introduction This study explores the transformative potential of digital, theory-driven, and Bayesian paradigms in neuropsychology by combining digital technologies, a commitment to evaluating theoretical frameworks, statistics. The also examines theories executive function cognitive flexibility large sample neurotypical individuals ( N = 489). Methods We developed an internet-based Wisconsin Card-Sorting Task (iWCST) optimized for online assessment perseveration errors (PE). Predictions percentage PE, PE (%), non-repetitive versus repetitive situations were derived from established supervisory attention system (SAS) theory, (%) < novel goal-directed instrumental control (GIC) > (%). Results t -tests revealed presence robust error suppression effect (ESE) indicating that are less likely than situations, contradicting SAS theory with posterior model probability p 0.001 confirming GIC 0.999. conclude support set switching iWCST facilitating retrieval goal-directed, memory associates stimulus features, actions, outcomes, thereby generating ESE individuals. report exploratory data analyses, including network analysis relationships between measures. Discussion Overall, this serves as paradigmatic theory-driven research, statistics neuropsychology. It provides insight into how integrative, innovative approach can advance understanding inform future research clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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GABA Supplementation Negatively Affects Cognitive Flexibility Independent of Tyrosine

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 1807 - 1807

Published: April 21, 2021

Increasing evidence, particularly from animal studies, suggests that dopamine and GABA are important modulators of cognitive flexibility. In humans, increasing synthesis through its precursor tyrosine has been shown to result in performance improvements, but few studies have reported the effects supplementation healthy participants. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized experiment test interactive administration on two measures flexibility, response inhibition task switching. A total 48 volunteers were split into four groups (placebo, alone, combined). They completed flexibility tasks at baseline after drug administration. found alone had no impact whereas combination with worsened Our results provide preliminary evidence putative increases do not interact affect performance.

Language: Английский

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Multidimensionality in Executive Function Profiles in Schizophrenia: a Computational Approach Using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Computational Brain & Behavior, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 381 - 394

Published: April 14, 2021

Language: Английский

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Cascade process mediated by left hippocampus and left superior frontal gyrus affects relationship between aging and cognitive dysfunction

BMC Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Dec. 7, 2021

Cognitive function declines with age and has been shown to be associated atrophy in some brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex. However, details of relationship between aging cognitive dysfunction are not well understood.Across a wide range ages (24- 85-years-old), this research measured gray matter volume structural magnetic resonance imaging data 39 participants, while regions were set as mediator variables assess cascade process path analysis.Path analysis showed that affected left hippocampus, thereby directly affecting superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, gyrus higher order flexibility maintenance abilities calculated Wisconsin card sorting test, two assessment general function.Our finding suggests mediated by hippocampus is involved dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Executive Functions and Theory of Mind in Teachers and Non-Teachers

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. e19915 - e19915

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Human teaching is a key behavior for the socialization of cultural knowledge. Previous studies suggest that human would support development executive and ToM skills, which in turn refine behavior. Given this connection, it raises question whether subjects with professional training also have more efficient systems. To shed light on issue, present study we compared performance teachers (N = 20, age range 35–61 years) matched control group non-teachers range: 29–64 tasks measuring working memory (Sternberg Task), cognitive flexibility (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test), (Attention Network along online skills (Frith–Happé Animations emotion recognition (Reading Mind Eyes Test) first-order second-order (Yoni Task). We found were significantly accurate involving (p .014) .040), requiring attention .046), to non-teachers. In tasks, differences accuracy between not found. But, slower respond than (about 2 s difference) .0007) use affective .006). Collectively, our findings raise an interesting link critical decision-making challenging social contexts such as classroom. Future research could explore ways foster teachers' strengths flexibility, memory, enhance strategies student learning outcomes. Additionally, exploring factors behind response times can guide teacher-training programs focused interpersonal improve teacher-student interactions.

Language: Английский

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Habits, Goals, and Behavioral Signs of Cognitive Perseveration on Wisconsin Card-Sorting Tasks

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 919 - 919

Published: June 6, 2023

Wisconsin card-sorting tasks provide unique opportunities to study cognitive flexibility and its limitations, which express themselves behaviorally as perseverative errors (PE). PE refer those behavioral on that are committed when rules maintained even though recently received outcomes demand switch other (i.e., perseveration). We explored error-suppression effects (ESE) across three studies. ESE the phenomenon reduced repetitive trials compared non-repetitive trials. replicated in all Study 1 revealed non-associative accounts of ESE, particular idea inhibition may account for them, not tenable. 2 suggested models instrumental learning among most promising associative ESE. Instrumental comprises goal-directed control formation corresponding memories over above habitual according dual-process learning. 3 showed cognitive, rather than motor, representations responses should be conceptualized elements entering memories. Collectively, results imply only a highly replicable phenomenon, but they also indicate an opportunity mechanisms control. Based reported data, we present novel theory perseveration 'goal-directed control' GIC model), is outlined Concluding Discussion.

Language: Английский

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