Improving the sustainability of arable cropping systems by modifying root traits: A modelling study for winter wheat

European Journal of Soil Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 75(4)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Modifying root systems by crop breeding has been attracting increasing attention as a potentially effective strategy to enhance the sustainability of agriculture soil organic matter (SOM) stocks and quality, whilst maintaining or even improving yields. We used new soil‐crop model USSF (Uppsala Soil Structure Function) investigate potential this management using winter wheat crop. combines simple (generic) growth with physics‐based descriptions water flow, uptake transpiration plants. It also includes interactions between structure dynamics turnover that considers effects physical protection microbial priming on decomposition SOM. The was first calibrated against field data contents both above‐ground biomass measured during one growing season in clay Uppsala, Sweden GLUE method identify five ‘acceptable’ parameter sets. created four crops (ideotypes) modifying root‐related parameters mimic phenotypes improved traits. Long‐term (30‐year) simulations conventionally tilled monoculture were then performed evaluate cultivating these ideotypes balance, grain Our results showed deeper are more for increased yields 3% SOM profile ca. 0.4%–0.5% 30‐year perspective (as an average sets). An ideotype which below‐ground allocation dry at expense stem gave larger increases (ca. 1.4%). combining all three modifications (deeper greater production) promising results: compared baseline scenario, surface runoff decreased while predicted increase 7% 2%, is roughly equivalent 20% 4‐per‐mille target ( https://4p1000.org/ ).

Language: Английский

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Selection of M5 mutant lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for agronomic traits and biomass allocation under drought stress and non-stressed conditions

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Introduction In the face of climate changes and limited water availability for irrigated crop production, enhanced drought tolerance adaptation is vital to improve wheat productivity. The objective this study was determine responses newly bred advanced mutant lines based on agronomic traits biomass allocation under drought-stressed non-stressed environments production breeding. Methods Fifty-three lines, including parental check six varieties, were evaluated (NS) stressed (DS) conditions in field controlled using a 20 x 3 alpha lattice design with two replicates. following data collected: days 50% heading (DTH), maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), number productive tillers (PTN), shoot (SB), root (RB), total (TB), root: ratio (RSR), spike length (SL), thousand seeds weight (TSW) grain yield (GY). Data analyzed summarized various statistical procedures indices computed NS DS conditions. Results Significant (P < 0.05) differences recorded among most assessed Grain positively significantly (p 0.001) correlated PTN (r = 0.85), RB 0.75), SB 0.80), SL =0.73), TB 0.65), TSW 0.67) condition. Principal component analysis revealed three components contributing 78.55% 77.21% variability conditions, respectively. traits: GY, RB, SB, explained variation high loading scores Geometric mean productivity (GMP), (MP), harmonic (HM), stress index (STI) identified as best identification tolerant positive correlations GY Discussion Among tested, LMA16, LMA37, LMA47, LMA2, LMA42 selected superior performance tolerance. are recommended multi-environment trails release water-limited South Africa.

Language: Английский

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Reduced belowground allocation of freshly assimilated C contributes to negative plant-soil feedback in successive winter wheat rotations

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 6, 2024

Abstract Aims Successive winter wheat (WW) rotations are associated with yield reduction, often attributed to the unfavorable soil microbes that persist in through plant residues. How rotational positions of WW affect allocation freshly assimilated carbon (C), an energy source for microbes, above and belowground remains largely unknown. Methods A 13 CO 2 pulse labeling rhizotron experiment was conducted greenhouse study fixed C patterns. grown after oilseed rape (W1), one season (W2), three successive seasons (W4). We used automatic manifold system measure excess respiration at six depths five different dates. Excess also measured dissolved organic (DOC), microbial biomass pools. Results There a strong decline accompanied by distinct changes root growth. Higher W1 compared W4, especially topsoil during later growth stages. DOC traced W4 W2. Less taken up rotations. Conclusions Our demonstrates mechanism which position affects belowground. sustains longer time than successively incorporates more this its biomass.

Language: Английский

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Diverse factors influence the amounts of carbon input to soils via rhizodeposition in plants: A review

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 174858 - 174858

Published: July 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Deepening Root Inputs: Potential Soil Carbon Accrual From Breeding for Deeper Rooted Maize

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Breeding annual crops for enhanced root depth and biomass is considered a promising intervention to accrue soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands, with benefits climate change mitigation health. In crops, genetic technology (seed) replaced every year as part of farmer's fixed costs, making breeding solutions more scalable affordable than management approaches. However, mechanistic understanding quantitative estimates SOC accrual potentials from phenotypes are lacking. Maize the highest acreage yielding crop US, characterized by relatively low confined topsoil, it suitable candidate improvement that could be rapidly scaled. We ran 2‐year field experiment quantify formation composition (i.e., particulate (POM), coarse fine mineral–associated matter (chaOM MAOM, respectively) new 90 cm decomposition isotopically labeled maize roots exudates. Additionally, we used process‐based MEMS 2 model simulate potential ideotypes either shift production deeper depths or increase allocation, assuming no overall productivity. our experiment, preferentially formed POM, doubled efficiency below 50 cm, while exudates MAOM. Modeling showed shifting inputs layer increasing allocation resulted deterministic SOC, ranging 0.05 0.15 Mg C ha −1 per year, which at end range published hectare adoption variety practices. Our analysis indicates maize, strategy has limited impact on per‐hectare basis, although given globally produced hundreds millions hectares each there this its effect scale. For maize–soy system dominates US acres, changes cropping needed sizable greenhouse gas reductions accrual. This study demonstrated modeling experimental framework forecast created changing inputs.

Language: Английский

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Response of soil carbon and nitrogen stocks to irrigation - A global meta-analysis

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 957, P. 177641 - 177641

Published: Nov. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Topsoil dilution by subsoil admixture had less impact on soil organic carbon stock development than fertilizer form and erosion state

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 946, P. 174243 - 174243

Published: June 27, 2024

Enhancing the agroecosystems carbon (C) sink function for climate mitigation faced challenges, particularly with traditional measures limited suitability increasing soil organic (SOC) stocks. Inducing a SOC undersaturation in topsoil by abrupt subsoil admixture is way to create an additional C sink. However, deep tillage traditionally used this dilution was not always successful. It due lack of knowledge and suitable approaches record effect all relevant factors recovery, including conditions fertilizer forms. We addressed these problems establishing three-factorial experiment: I) "moderate dilution," II) "N fertilization form," III) "soil erosion state," representing three types hummocky ground moraine landscape NE Germany. dynamics were determined over year winter rye cropping using novel robotic chamber system capable measuring CO2 exchange on 36 experimental plots reduced methodological bias than previous systems. The averaged net ecosystem balance, proxy stock change, indicated that only further losses. N form had significantly stronger more differentiated effect. While mineral consistently produced sources, fertilization, combination diluted topsoil, led This C-sink was, however, pronounced eroded non-eroded soil. Overall, results have made clear impact development possible if other factors, such as state, are taken into account.

Language: Английский

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Frass deposition from pest outbreaks affects soil organic carbon and its relationship with environmental factors in a deciduous broad-leaved forest

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 949, P. 175103 - 175103

Published: July 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Nitrogen and phosphorus interactions at a 21 nitrogen:1 phosphorus Redfield‐like ratio impact growth and seed yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Food and Energy Security, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Efficient use of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is essential to reduce fertilizer costs nutrient pollution lower the carbon footprint agriculture. This requires a better understanding N P limitations on photosynthesis biomass generation in one world's most important crops, wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). In fully factorial experiment, we find that limiting nutrient, or P, at Redfield‐like N:P ratio (21N:1P molar) produces ‘effective dose fertilizer’ for above‐ground (seed vegetative). Best‐fit structural equation models showed neither nor applied excess 21N:1P led any increase biomass. The light (qP, NPQ) dark A max , V cmax J ) reactions are also constrained by ratio. Beyond this ratio, ‘excess N’ P’ had no effects. direct effects accumulation were stronger than its indirect via photosynthesis, likely driven building nucleic acids needed cell division, maintenance RNA transcription. Modern composite fertilizers typically provided much higher content potentially resulting huge global wastage finite resource, with all concomitant farmer, consumer environment.

Language: Английский

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Compost derived from olive mill cake: Effects on isohumic soil quality based on humic acids characterization

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(16), P. e36456 - e36456

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

The compost effects on soil organic matter (SOM) stability were evaluated. Manure at 10 % ratio and %, 20 40 ratios (v/v) added to the their compared unamended control after 90-days of greenhouse-experiment. Humic acids (HA) fulvic (FA) extracted from two different soil-sample layers 0-15 15-30 cm depth. C

Language: Английский

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