One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Abstract Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse 1 and important for livelihoods economic development 2 , but under substantial stress 3 . To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently, data from predominantly terrestrial tetrapods 4,5 used to guide environmental policy 6 conservation prioritization 7 whereas recent proposals target setting freshwaters use abiotic factors 8–13 However, there is evidence 14–17 that such insufficient represent the needs freshwater species achieve biodiversity goals 18,19 Here we present results a multi-taxon fauna assessment The IUCN Red List Threatened Species covering 23,496 decapod crustaceans, fishes odonates, finding one-quarter threatened with extinction. Prevalent threats include pollution, dams water extraction, agriculture invasive species, overharvesting also driving extinctions. We examined degree surrogacy both (water nitrogen) species. good surrogates when prioritizing sites maximize rarity-weighted richness, poorer based on most range-restricted they much better than factors, which perform worse random. Thus, although priority regions identified tetrapod broadly reflective those faunas, given differences key habitats, meeting cannot be assumed sufficient conserve at local scales.

Language: Английский

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Fishing for oil and meat drives irreversible defaunation of deepwater sharks and rays

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6687), P. 1135 - 1141

Published: March 7, 2024

The deep ocean is the last natural biodiversity refuge from reach of human activities. Deepwater sharks and rays are among most sensitive marine vertebrates to overexploitation. One-third threatened deepwater targeted, half species targeted for international liver-oil trade with extinction. Steep population declines cannot be easily reversed owing long generation lengths, low recovery potentials, near absence management. Depth spatial limits fishing activity could improve conservation when implemented alongside catch regulations, bycatch mitigation, regulation. require immediate regulations prevent irreversible defaunation promote this megafauna group.

Language: Английский

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The intestinal digesta microbiota of tropical marine fish is largely uncultured and distinct from surrounding water microbiota

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Studying the gut microbes of marine fishes is an important part conservation as many fish species are increasingly threatened by extinction. The microbiota only a small fraction more than 32,000 known has been investigated. In this study we analysed intestinal digesta composition 50 different wild from tropical waters. Our results show that harbour distinct surrounding water and location, domestication status, host intrinsic factors strongly associated with composition. Furthermore, vast majority (~97%) fish-associated microorganisms do not have any cultured representative. Considering impact on health physiology, these findings underpin call to also preserve species, especially those may be exposed habitat destruction.

Language: Английский

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Conservation of teleost fishes: Application of reproductive technologies

Theriogenology Wild, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 100078 - 100078

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Fishes are by far the most species-rich group of vertebrates, with 36,105 species currently recognised, approximately same number as that all non-fish vertebrates combined. Recent decades have witnessed dramatic population declines for many fish species, together a loss in overall biodiversity. Globally, biodiversity is being threatened multitude anthropogenic impacts including overfishing, habitat loss, pollution, aquaculture, river connectivity, climate change and impact alien species. Nowhere world's crisis more acute than freshwater ecosystems. While rivers, lakes wetlands cover less 1% planet's total surface, they home to over half world´s One third fishes now extinction, 80 already extinct. This review covers main drivers declining biodiversity, details remedial strategies aimed at conserving both marine The preservation genetic resources through cryobanking reproductive cells tissues, collectively known germplasm, will be valuable tool conservation With help range emerging technologies, frozen germplasm play key role future situ ex initiatives. ability establish cryo-banks full sperm, oocytes, embryos germ represents powerful use rapid advance next-generation sequencing proliferation such fully sequenced genomes expected result expansion application genomics management populations, instrumental formulating mitigations directed

Language: Английский

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Global conservation status of the jawed vertebrate Tree of Life

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Abstract Human-driven extinction threatens entire lineages across the Tree of Life. Here we assess conservation status jawed vertebrate evolutionary history, using three policy-relevant approaches. First, calculate an index threat to overall showing that expect lose 86–150 billion years (11–19%) history over next 50–500 years. Second, rank species by their EDGE scores identify highest priorities for species-focused finding chondrichthyans, ray-finned fish and testudines all vertebrates. Third, families. We found within monotypic families are more likely be threatened in decline than other species. provide a baseline at risk catalyse action. This work continues trend highlighting neglected groups—such as testudines, crocodylians, amphibians chondrichthyans—as from phylogenetic perspective.

Language: Английский

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Discovering marine biodiversity in the 21st century

Advances in marine biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 23 - 115

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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A global ecological signal of extinction risk in marine ray-finned fishes (class Actinopterygii)

Cambridge Prisms Extinction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Many marine fish species are experiencing population declines, but their extinction risk profiles largely understudied in comparison to terrestrial vertebrate counterparts. Selective of may result rapid alteration the structure and function ocean ecosystems. In this study, we compiled an ecological trait dataset for 8,185 ray-finned fishes (class Actinopterygii) from FishBase used phylogenetic generalized linear models examine which traits associated with increased risk, based on International Union Conservation Nature Red List. We also assessed threat types be driving these toward greater whether threatened face a average number than non-threatened species. found that larger body size and/or life histories involving movement between marine, brackish, freshwater environments elevated risk. Commercial harvesting threatens greatest species, followed by pollution, development, then climate change. average, significantly These results can resource managers help address heightened patterns found.

Language: Английский

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Ecological erosion and expanding extinction risk of sharks and rays

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6726)

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

The true state of ocean biodiversity is difficult to assess, and there are few global indicators track the primary threat overfishing. We calculated a 50-year Red List Index extinction risk ecological function for 1199 sharks rays found that since 1970, overfishing has halved their populations worsened by 19%. Overfishing largest species in nearshore pelagic habitats risks loss ecomorphotypes 5 22% erosion functional diversity. Extinction higher countries with large human coastal but lower nations stronger governance, larger economies, greater beneficial fisheries subsidies. Restricting fishing (including incidental catch) trade sustainable levels combined prohibiting retention highly threatened can avert further depletion, widespread population connectivity, top-down predator control.

Language: Английский

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Responses of fish to nationwide improvements in the water quality of a densely populated and heavily modified country over four decades

Water Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 274, P. 123163 - 123163

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Globally, fish have been severely affected by the widespread, chronic degradation of fresh waters, with a substantial proportion species declining in abundance or range recent decades. This has especially case densely populated countries an industrial heritage and intensive agriculture, where majority river catchments deteriorations water quality changes land use. study used spatially temporally extensive dataset, encompassing 16,124 surveys at 1180 sites representing wide typologies pressures, to examine populations England's rivers over four decades (1980s-2010s). The analyses revealed gradual, nationwide increases mean richness diversity across pressure gradients. In cases, were most pronounced 1980s, since when any further comparatively minor, but there no trends full time series. There also temporal, assemblage structure, driven largely variations densities brown trout Salmo trutta roach Rutilus rutilus, consistent sensitive, pollution-intolerant response improvements wastewater treatment and, consequently, quality. Although last are encouraging, subtle contrasting require investigation, causal relationships between structure putative drivers should be modelled national scale. is first long-term, freshwater England, significantly advances our understanding ecological health heavily modified countries.

Language: Английский

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Spatiotemporal variation in fish species distribution and abundance in the Vaishav stream, Kashmir Himalaya–India

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0316280 - e0316280

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Exploring the intricate dynamics of aquatic ecosystems present study investigates spatio-temporal variations in ecological parameters fish community within Vaishav stream, Kashmir Himalayas. Monthly field investigations were conducted at three distinct sites (SI, SII & SIII) throughout four seasons (winter, spring, summer, autumn) from November 2019 to October 2020. The findings encompass a total 630 specimens belonging 11 species, orders Cypriniformes , Siluriforms and Salmoniformes families including Cyprinidae Nemachelidae Siluridae Salmonidae reported sites. Among collected specimens, dominant with nine species followed by order Siluriformes one each. Out eleven six belongs family analysis, employing non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), Principal component analysis (PCA), Analysis similarity (ANOSIM) Per-mutational multivariate variance (PERMANOVA) on abundance data highlighted significant differences among various but not across seasons. results unveil diverse occurrence distribution pattern fishes upstream downstream. Furthermore, diversity metrics confirm higher index values downstream, indicating more conducive environment for survival. Jaccard’s reveals greater fauna between site-II site-III than site-I terms overlap composition. concludes that anthropogenic activities stream catchment area have led reduction abundance, landscape features significantly influencing this unique Himalayan ecosystem.

Language: Английский

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