Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 148 - 154

Published: Oct. 9, 2014

The side effects of the current global use pesticides on wildlife, particularly at higher levels biological organization: populations, communities and ecosystems, are poorly understood (Kohler Triebskorn 2013). Here, we focus one problematic groups agrochemicals, systemic insecticides fipronil those neonicotinoid family. increasing reliance partly prophylactic these persistent potent neurotoxic has raised concerns about their impacts biodiversity, ecosystem functioning services provided by a wide range affected species environments. present scale use, combined with properties compounds, resulted in widespread contamination agricultural soils, freshwater resources, wetlands, non-target vegetation estuarine coastal marine systems, which means that many organisms inhabiting habitats being repeatedly chronically expose...

Language: Английский

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Mechanism of Neonicotinoid Toxicity: Impact on Oxidative Stress and Metabolism

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 58(1), P. 471 - 507

Published: Oct. 2, 2017

Thousands of tons neonicotinoids are widely used around the world as broad-spectrum systemic insecticides and veterinary drugs. Researchers originally thought that exhibited low mammalian toxicity. However, following their widespread use, it became increasingly evident could have various toxic effects on vertebrates invertebrates. The primary focus this review is to summarize research progress associated with oxidative stress a plausible mechanism for neonicotinoid-induced toxicity well neonicotinoid metabolism. This summarizes conducted over past decade into production reactive oxygen species, nitrogen aresult treatments, along correlation metabolism neonicotinoids. protection compounds against based antioxidative also discussed. sheds new light critical roles in nontarget species.

Language: Английский

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Worldwide integrated assessment on systemic pesticides

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 1 - 4

Published: Aug. 22, 2014

In July 2009, a group of entomologists and ornithologists met at Notre Dame de Londres, small village in the French department Herault, as result an international enquiry amongst on catastrophic decline insects (and arthropods general) all over Europe. They noted that perceptible gradual insects, part general impoverishment natural environment, had set from 1950s onwards. Amongstmany others, they recognized root causes this intensification agriculture with its accompanying loss habitats massive use pesticides herbicides, manifold increase roads motorized traffic well continent-wide nocturnal light pollution nitrogen deposition. equally agreed further degradation situation, steeper insect populations, started decade 1990–2000. This first began inwestern Europe, followed by eastern southern is nowadays apparent scarcity splattered windscreens motorcars squashed against their radiators best documented butterflies global disorders honey bees. concluded these phenomena reflected now collapse Europe’s entomofauna. also different species, genera families coincided severe populations insectivorous bird species up to considered “common” such swallows starlings. On basis existing studies numerous observations field overwhelming circumstantial evidence, came hypothesis new generation pesticides, persistent, systemic neurotoxic neonicotinoids fipronil, introduced early 1990s, are likely be responsible least for declines. They, therefore, issued Appeal Londres under heading “No Silent Spring again” referring Rachel Carson’s book “Silent Spring” then published almost half century ago:

Language: Английский

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Neonicotinoids disrupt aquatic food webs and decrease fishery yields

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 366(6465), P. 620 - 623

Published: Oct. 31, 2019

Invertebrate declines are widespread in terrestrial ecosystems, and pesticide use is often cited as a causal factor. Here, we report that aquatic systems threatened by the high toxicity persistence of neonicotinoid insecticides. These effects cascade to higher trophic levels altering food web structure dynamics, affecting higher-level consumers. Using data on zooplankton, water quality, annual fishery yields eel smelt, show application watersheds since 1993 coincided with an 83% decrease average zooplankton biomass spring, causing smelt harvest collapse from 240 22 tons Lake Shinji, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. This disruption likely also occurs elsewhere, neonicotinoids currently most widely used class insecticides globally.

Language: Английский

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Neonicotinoid pesticides severely affect honey bee queens

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Oct. 13, 2015

Abstract Queen health is crucial to colony survival of social bees. Recently, queen failure has been proposed be a major driver managed honey bee losses, yet few data exist concerning effects environmental stressors on queens. Here we demonstrate for the first time that exposure field-realistic concentrations neonicotinoid pesticides during development can severely affect queens western bees ( Apis mellifera ). In pesticide-exposed queens, reproductive anatomy (ovaries) and physiology (spermathecal-stored sperm quality quantity), rather than flight behaviour, were compromised likely corresponded reduced success (alive producing worker offspring). This study highlights detriments neonicotinoids environmentally economically important further strengthens need stringent risk assessments safeguard biodiversity ecosystem services are vulnerable these substances.

Language: Английский

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Neonicotinoid Insecticide Residues in Surface Water and Soil Associated with Commercial Maize (Corn) Fields in Southwestern Ontario

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. e0118139 - e0118139

Published: Feb. 24, 2015

Neonicotinoid insecticides have come under scrutiny for their potential unintended effects on non-target organisms, particularly pollinators in agro-ecosystems. As part of a larger study neonicotinoid residues associated with maize (corn) production, 76 water samples within or around the perimeter 18 commercial fields and neighbouring apiaries were collected 5 maize-producing counties southwestern Ontario. Residues clothianidin (mean = 2.28, max. 43.60 ng/mL) thiamethoxam 1.12, 16.50 detected 100 98.7% tested, respectively. The concentration total increased six-fold during first five weeks after planting, returned to pre-plant levels seven planting. However, concentrations sampled from outside similar throughout sampling period. Soil top cm soil profile also these before immediately following mean residue was 4.02 (range 0.07 20.30) ng/g, taken 9.94 0.53 38.98) those Two an conservation area contained detectable (0.03 0.11 ng/g) clothianidin. Of three drifted snow taken, drift stratum containing most wind-scoured had 0.16 0.20 ng/mL mainly melted snow. at limit detection (0.02 across entire vertical profile. With exception one sample, tested below reported acute, chronic sublethal honey bees. Our results suggest that neonicotinoids may move off-target by wind erosion contaminated soil. These are informative risk assessment models other species agro-ecosytems.

Language: Английский

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Pesticides and Soil Invertebrates: A Hazard Assessment

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: May 4, 2021

Agricultural pesticide use and its associated environmental harms is widespread throughout much of the world. Efforts to mitigate this harm have largely been focused on reducing contamination water air, as runoff drift are most significant sources offsite movement. Yet soil can also result in harm. Pesticides often applied directly drenches granules increasingly form seed coatings, making it important understand how pesticides impact ecosystems. Soils contain an abundance biologically diverse organisms that perform many functions such nutrient cycling, structure maintenance, carbon transformation, regulation pests diseases. Many terrestrial invertebrates declined recent decades. Habitat loss agrichemical pollution due agricultural intensification identified major driving factors. Here, we review nearly 400 studies effects non-target egg, larval, or immature development soil. This encompasses 275 unique species, taxa combined 284 different active ingredients mixtures ingredients. We extracted relevant data relation following endpoints: mortality, abundance, biomass, behavior, reproduction, biochemical biomarkers, growth, richness diversity, structural changes. resulted analysis over 2,800 separate “tested parameters,” measured a change specific endpoint exposure organism pesticide. found 70.5% tested parameters showed negative effects, whereas 1.4% 28.1% positive no from exposure, respectively. In addition, discuss general effect trends among classes, taxa, endpoints, well gaps. Our indicates all types pose clear hazard invertebrates. Negative evident both lab field studies, across studied wide variety endpoints. The prevalence our results underscores need for be represented any risk has potential contaminate soil, mitigated way will specifically reduce ecosystem services they provide.

Language: Английский

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Xylella fastidiosa: Insights into an Emerging Plant Pathogen

Annual Review of Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 181 - 202

Published: June 11, 2018

The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa re-emerged as a plant pathogen of global importance in 2013 when it was first associated with an olive tree disease epidemic Italy. current threat to Europe and the Mediterranean basin, well other world regions, has increased multiple X. genotypes have now been detected Italy, France, Spain. Although studied Americas for more than century, there are no therapeutic solutions suppress development infected plants. Furthermore, because is obligatory insect vector colonizer, epidemiology dynamics each pathosystem distinct. They depend on ecological interplay plant, pathogen, how interactions affected by biotic abiotic factors, including anthropogenic activities policy decisions. Our goal this review stimulate discussion novel research contextualizing available knowledge may be applicable emerging diseases.

Language: Английский

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Sub-lethal effects of dietary neonicotinoid insecticide exposure on honey bee queen fecundity and colony development

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2016

Many factors can negatively affect honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) health including the pervasive use of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides. Through direct consumption contaminated nectar and pollen from treated plants, neonicotinoids foraging, learning, memory in worker bees. Less well studied are potential effects on queen bees, which may be exposed indirectly through trophallaxis, or food-sharing. To assess productivity, small colonies different sizes (1500, 3000, 7000 bees) were fed imidacloprid (0, 10, 20, 50, 100 ppb) syrup for three weeks. We found adverse queens (egg-laying locomotor activity), bees (foraging hygienic activities), colony development (brood production stores) all colonies. Some less evident as size increased, suggesting that larger populations act a buffer to pesticide exposure. This study is first show fecundity behavior improves our understanding how impair short-term functioning. These data indicate risk-mitigation efforts should focus reducing exposure early spring when smallest most vulnerable

Language: Английский

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Two sides of a coin: ecological and chronobiological perspectives of timing in the wild

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 372(1734), P. 20160246 - 20160246

Published: Oct. 9, 2017

Most processes within organisms, and most interactions between organisms their environment, have distinct time profiles. The temporal coordination of such is crucial across levels biological organization, but disciplines differ widely in approaches to study timing. Such differences are accentuated ecologists, who centrally concerned with a holistic view an organism relation its external chronobiologists, emphasize internal timekeeping the mechanisms adjustment environment. We argue that ecological chronobiological perspectives complementary, studies at intersection will enable both fields jointly overcome obstacles currently hinder progress. However, achieve this integration, we first cross some conceptual barriers, clarifying prohibitively inaccessible terminologies. critically assess main assumptions concepts either field, as well common interests. Both intersect need understand extent regulation plasticity, concept 'chronotype', i.e. characteristic properties individuals which targets natural sexual selection. then highlight promising developments, point out open questions, acknowledge difficulties propose directions for further integration through Wild Clock research.This article part themed issue 'Wild Clocks: integrating chronobiology ecology free-living animals'.

Language: Английский

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