American Journal of Translational Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 1630 - 1642
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
The
glymphatic
pathway
plays
a
crucial
role
in
the
clearance
of
metabolic
byproducts
and
solutes
from
cerebral
tissue.
Dysfunction
has
been
associated
with
various
neurological
disorders,
including
ischemic
stroke.
Diffusion
tensor
imaging
(DTI)
derived
Analysis
aLong
Perivascular
Space
(ALPS)
have
emerged
as
promising
tools
for
evaluating
function.
This
review
aims
to
summarize
current
evidence
on
use
DTI-derived
ALPS
measures
assessing
dysfunction
stroke
patients,
explore
their
potential
implications
diagnosis,
prognostication,
treatment
monitoring
this
patient
population.
NMR in Biomedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
37(9)
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
Cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
plays
a
critical
role
in
metabolic
waste
clearance
from
the
brain,
requiring
its
circulation
throughout
various
brain
pathways,
including
ventricular
system,
subarachnoid
spaces,
para‐arterial
interstitial
and
para‐venous
spaces.
The
complexity
of
CSF
has
posed
challenge
obtaining
noninvasive
measurements
dynamics.
assessment
dynamics
circulatory
pathways
is
possible
using
diffusion
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
with
optimized
sensitivity
to
incoherent
water
movement
across
brain.
This
review
presents
an
overview
both
established
emerging
MRI
techniques
designed
measure
their
potential
clinical
applications.
discussion
offers
insights
into
optimization
acquisition
parameters
enhance
specificity
metrics
on
underlying
Lastly,
we
emphasize
importance
cautious
interpretations
diffusion‐based
imaging,
especially
when
differentiating
between
tissue‐
fluid‐related
changes
or
elucidating
structural
versus
functional
alterations.
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
59(5), P. 1476 - 1493
Published: Sept. 1, 2023
The
comprehension
of
the
glymphatic
system,
a
postulated
mechanism
responsible
for
removal
interstitial
solutes
within
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
has
witnessed
substantial
progress
recently.
While
direct
measurement
techniques
involving
fluorescence
and
contrast
agent
tracers
have
demonstrated
success
in
animal
studies,
their
application
humans
is
invasive
presents
challenges.
Hence,
exploring
alternative
noninvasive
approaches
that
enable
research
imperative.
This
review
primarily
focuses
on
several
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
techniques,
encompassing
perivascular
space
(PVS)
imaging,
diffusion
tensor
image
analysis
along
PVS,
arterial
spin
labeling,
chemical
exchange
saturation
transfer,
intravoxel
incoherent
motion.
These
methodologies
provide
valuable
insights
into
dynamics
fluid,
water
permeability
across
blood-brain
barrier,
cerebrospinal
fluid
flow
cerebral
parenchyma.
Furthermore,
elucidates
underlying
concept
clinical
applications
these
MRI
highlighting
strengths
limitations.
It
addresses
concerns
about
relationship
between
activity
pathological
alterations,
emphasizing
necessity
further
studies
to
establish
correlations
measurements
findings.
Additionally,
challenges
associated
with
conducting
multisite
such
as
variability
systems
acquisition
parameters,
are
addressed,
suggestion
use
harmonization
methods,
combined
association
test
(COMBAT),
enhance
standardization
statistical
power.
Current
gaps
future
directions
assessing
discussed,
need
larger
sample
sizes,
approaches.
In
conclusion,
this
provides
invaluable
methods
monitoring
CNS.
highlights
potential
advancing
our
understanding
facilitating
applications,
paving
way
endeavors
field.
EVIDENCE
LEVEL:
3
TECHNICAL
EFFICACY:
Stage
5.
British Journal of Radiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
96(1151)
Published: May 16, 2023
First
described
in
2012,
the
glymphatic
system
is
responsible
for
maintaining
homeostasis
within
central
nervous
system,
including
nutrient
delivery,
waste
clearance,
and
consistency
of
ionic
microenvironment.
It
comprised
glial
cells
barrier
systems
that
modulate
neurofluid
production,
circulation,
exchange.
Experimental
interrogation
dynamics
restricted
to
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(4), P. 401 - 414
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Due
primarily
to
the
excellent
soft
tissue
contrast
depictions
provided
by
MRI,
widespread
application
of
head
and
neck
MRI
in
clinical
practice
serves
assess
various
diseases.
Artificial
intelligence
(AI)-based
methodologies,
particularly
deep
learning
analyses
using
convolutional
neural
networks,
have
recently
gained
global
recognition
been
extensively
investigated
research
for
their
applicability
across
a
range
categories
within
medical
imaging,
including
MRI.
Analytical
approaches
AI
shown
potential
addressing
limitations
associated
with
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
technical
advancements
deep-learning-based
methodologies
utility
field
encompassing
aspects
such
as
image
acquisition
reconstruction,
lesion
segmentation,
disease
classification
diagnosis,
prognostic
prediction
patients
presenting
We
then
discuss
current
offer
insights
regarding
future
challenges
field.
Japanese Journal of Radiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
41(4), P. 393 - 400
Published: Dec. 6, 2022
Diffusion
tensor
image
analysis
along
the
perivascular
space
(DTI-ALPS)
index
is
intended
to
reflect
glymphatic
function
of
brain;
however,
head
rotation
may
reduce
reproducibility
and
reliability.
This
study
aimed
evaluate
whether
reorientation
DTI
data
improves
ALPS
using
OASIS-3
dataset.234
cognitively
normal
subjects
from
dataset
were
included.
Original
reoriented
indices
calculated
a
technique
that
registered
vector
information
another
created
diffusivity
maps.
The
F
test
was
used
compare
variances
original
indices.
Subsequently,
with
around
z-
(inferior-superior;
n
=
43)
or
x
axis
(right-left;
25)
matched
neutral
position
selected
for
evaluation
intra-
inter-rater
Intraclass
correlation
coefficients
(ICCs)
participants
separately.
Bland-Altman
plot
comparing
also
evaluated.The
exhibited
significantly
smaller
variance
than
(p
<
0.001).
For
inter-reliability,
showed
good-to-excellent
in
calculating
even
(ICCs
index:
0.52-0.81;
ICCs
>
0.85).
A
wider
range
95%
limit
agreement
identified,
indicating
remarkably
affect
calculation
index.The
this
enabled
creation
maps
improved
index.
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(1), P. 1 - 13
Published: Nov. 24, 2022
Interest
in
interstitial
fluid
dynamics
has
increased
since
the
proposal
of
glymphatic
system
hypothesis.
Abnormal
have
been
pointed
out
to
be
an
important
factor
various
pathological
statuses.
In
this
article,
we
propose
concept
central
nervous
fluidopathy
as
a
disease
or
condition
which
abnormal
is
one
factors
for
development
condition.
We
discuss
aspects
diseases,
including
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
normal
pressure
hydrocephalus,
and
cerebral
small
vessel
disease.
also
method
called
"diffusion
tensor
image
analysis
along
perivascular
space"
using
MR
diffusion
images,
used
evaluate
degree
activity
system.