Vaccines for the Elderly and Vaccination Programs in Europe and the United States

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 566 - 566

Published: May 22, 2024

The share of the elderly population is growing worldwide as life expectancy increases. Immunosenescence and comorbidities increase infectious diseases’ morbidity mortality in older adults. Here, we aimed to summarize latest findings on vaccines for against herpes zoster, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), COVID-19, pneumococcal disease examine vaccine recommendation differences this age group Europe United States. PubMed was searched using keywords “elders” “vaccine” alongside disease/pathogen question paraphrased or synonymous terms. Vaccine recommendations were also sought European US Centers Disease Control Prevention databases. Improved vaccines, tailored elderly, mainly by novel adjuvants increasing antigen concentration, are now available. Significant exist between immunization policies, especially countries, terms recipient’s age, number doses, vaccination schedule, implementation (mandatory recommended). Understanding factors that influence immune response may help design offer long-term protection vulnerable group. A consensus-based strategy could fill gaps policy particularly regarding RSV pneumococcus.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccination Effectiveness in the General Population of an Italian Province: Two Years of Follow-Up

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1325 - 1325

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

We carried out a cohort study on the overall population of province Pescara, Italy, to assess real-world effectiveness SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against infection, severe, or lethal COVID-19, two years after start campaign. included all resident domiciled subjects, and extracted official demographic, vaccination, hospital co-pay exemption datasets from 1 January 2021, up 15 February 2023. Cox proportional hazards analyses were adjusted for gender, age, diabetes, hypertension, COPD, major cardio- cerebrovascular events, cancer, kidney diseases. Throughout follow-up (466 days average), 186,676 subjects received greater than equal three vaccine doses (of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, NVX-CoV2373, JNJ-78436735), 47,610 doses, 11,452 one dose, 44,989 none. Overall, 40.4% infected with SARS-CoV-2. Of them, 2.74% had severe (1.30%) COVID-19. As compared unvaccinated, individuals who booster dose showed ≥85% lower risk A massive impact was found among elderly: 22.0% died, as opposed less 3% those doses. No protection infection observed, although this finding certainly influenced by Italian restriction policies control pandemic. Importantly, during Omicron predominance period, only group at least reduced COVID-19-related death.

Language: Английский

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Sarcopenic patients “get even”: The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on mortality

Experimental Gerontology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 112382 - 112382

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), driven by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has disproportionately affected elderly, with comorbidities like sarcopenia worsening prognosis. Considering significant impact of RNA vaccines on survival rates in this population, our objective is to investigate vaccination hospitalized elderly patients COVID-19, considering presence or absence sarcopenia.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID Syndrome: A Narrative Review on Burden of Age and Vaccination

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(16), P. 4756 - 4756

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Background/Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of post-acute syndrome, also known as long COVID, which presents a significant challenge due its varied symptoms and unpredictable course, particularly in older adults. Similar infections, factors such age, pre-existing health conditions, vaccination status may influence occurrence severity COVID. objective is analyze role aging context COVID investigate prevalence rates efficacy improve prevention strategies treatment this age group. Methods: Four researchers independently conducted literature search PubMed database trace studies published between July 2020 2024. Results: Aging influences both likelihood developing recovery process, age-related physiological changes, immune system alterations, presence comorbidities. Vaccination plays key reducing risk by attenuating inflammatory responses associated with symptoms. Conclusions: Despite protection vaccines offer against severe infection, hospitalization, post-infection sequelae, vaccine hesitancy remains major obstacle, worsening impact Promising treatments for condition include antivirals although further research needed.

Language: Английский

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Measuring Vaccine Responses in the Multiplex Era

Methods in molecular biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 149 - 162

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of bivalent mRNA booster vaccination and previous infection in older adults during Omicron period: real-world evidence

Age and Ageing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Abstract Background The effectiveness of booster bivalent vaccines against the Omicron variant, particularly amongst older patients, remains uncertain. Objective We sought to compare relative a fourth dose vaccine using messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), by comparing patients who had and not received this dose. Methods conducted matched retrospective cohort study assess risk COVID-19 infection, hospitalization death people aged >60 years with four doses as compared those only three doses. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used estimate adjusted ratios (HRs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs). age, sex, nursing-home, comorbidities, primary care setting previous episodes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. also investigated impact prior SARS-CoV-2 infection within each cohort, same methodology. Results administration mRNA conferred significant additional protection (HR: 0.479; CI: 0.454–0.506), 0.393; 0.348–0.443) 30-day mortality 0.234; 0.171–0.318), individuals third monovalent In both cohorts, history involves lower COVID-infection, death. Conclusions During period predominance, receiving dose, vaccine, provides extra mortality. Antecedents vaccination notable reduction in above outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Online COVID-19 diagnosis prediction using complete blood count: an innovative tool for public health

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Abstract Background COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents distinct diagnostic challenges due to its wide range of clinical manifestations and the overlapping symptoms with other common respiratory diseases. This study focuses on addressing these difficulties employing machine learning (ML) methodologies, particularly XGBoost algorithm, utilize Complete Blood Count (CBC) parameters for predictive analysis. Methods We performed a retrospective involving 2114 COVID-19 patients treated between December 2022 January 2023 at our healthcare facility. These were classified into fever (1057 patients) pneumonia groups patients), based their symptoms. The CBC data utilized create models, model performance evaluated through metrics like Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision. selected top 10 variables significance in disease prediction. then split training set (70% validation (30% validation. Results identified 31 indicators significant disparities. outperformed others, an AUC 0.920 high precision, accuracy. features (Age, Monocyte%, Mean Platelet Volume, Lymphocyte%, SIRI, Eosinophil count, Hemoglobin, Distribution Width, Neutrophil count.) crucial constructing more precise model. demonstrated strong both (AUC = 0.977) 0.912) datasets, validated decision curve analysis calibration curve. Conclusion ML models that incorporate offer innovative effective tool COVID-19. They potentially enhance accuracy efficacy therapeutic interventions, ultimately contributing reduction mortality rate this infectious disease.

Language: Английский

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The mRNA Vaccination Rate Is Negatively and the Proportion of Elderly Individuals Is Positively Associated With the Excess Mortality Rate After 2020 in Japan

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Background: The impact of mRNA vaccines on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan is not clear. This study aimed to verify explanatory factors rate using officially published data by government and research institutions. Methods: Multiple regression analysis was performed Japanese prefectures as objective variable vaccination rate, proportion elderly individuals population, number physicians per medical expenditure person variables. Results: From July 2021 April 2023, independent determinants were follows: (regression coefficient (B) = 0.0097, p < 0.001), partial (B −0.0034, 0.048), 0.010, third-shot −0.0025, 0.046). stepwise method did essentially change results. However, p-values smaller. other two indicators associated with rate. Conclusions: a lower period, whereas an increase mortality. Thus, policy aggressive recommendations for justified.

Language: Английский

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Delirium Incidence and Predictors in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCF): Insights From the GeroCovid Vax Study

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 105251 - 105251

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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How well do different COVID-19 vaccines protect against different viral variants? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

Abstract While the efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been evaluated in numerous trials, comprehensive evidence on how protection by different varied over time remains limited. We aimed to compare protective effects against viral variants. To achieve this, we searched Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase for randomized controlled trials assessing COVID-19 vaccines. Forest plots using Mantel–Haenszel random-effects models were generated showing risk ratios (RRs) 95% CIs included 36 studies with 90 variant-specific primary outcomes. found a RR 0.26 (95% CI 0.21 0.31) all variants overall, highest wild-type (RR 0.13; 0.10 0.18), followed Alpha 0.26; 0.18 0.36), Gamma 0.34; 0.55), Delta 0.39; 0.28 0.56) Beta 0.49; 0.40 0.62) Nucleic acid showed levels 0.11; 0.08 0.15), protein subunit, inactivated virus vector. In conclusion, high but heterogenous most vaccines, decreasing based traditional technologies as SARS-CoV-2 emerged time. Novel nucleic acid-based offered substantially higher more consistent protection.

Language: Английский

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