The potential of electrodialysis as a cost-effective alternative to reverse osmosis for brackish water desalination

Water Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 250, P. 121009 - 121009

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Membrane Design Principles for Ion-Selective Electrodialysis: An Analysis for Li/Mg Separation

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Selective electrodialysis (ED) is a promising membrane-based process to separate Li+ from Mg2+, which the most critical step for Li extraction brine lakes. This study theoretically compares ED-based Li/Mg separation performance of different monovalent selective cation exchange membranes (CEMs) and nanofiltration (NF) at coupon scale using unified mass transport model, i.e., solution-friction model. We demonstrated that CEMs with dense surface thin film like polyamide are more effective in enhancing than those loose but highly charged film. Polyamide film-coated when used ED have similar polyamide-based NF NF. membranes, expected replace separation, will require support layer low tortuosity high porosity reduce internal concentration polarization. The coupon-scale analysis comparison provide new insights into design composite ion–ion separation.

Language: Английский

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2024 roadmap on membrane desalination technology at the water-energy nexus

Journal of Physics Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 021502 - 021502

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract Water and energy are two strategic drivers of sustainable development, intimately interlaced vital for a secure future humanity. Given that water resources limited, whereas global population demand exponentially growing, the competitive balance between these resources, referred to as water-energy nexus, is receiving renewed focus. The desalination industry alleviates stress by producing freshwater from saline sources, such seawater, brackish or groundwater. Since last decade, market has been dominated membrane technology, offering significant advantages over thermal processes, lower demand, easy process control scale-up, modularity flexible productivity, feasibility synergic integration different operations. Although seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) accounts more than 70% capacity, it circumscribed some technological limitations, as: (i) relatively low recovery factor (around 50%) due negative impact osmotic polarization phenomena; (ii) an consumption in range 3–5 kWh m −3 , still far theoretical (1.1 ) produce potable (at 50% factor). Ultimately, intensive practice research efforts oriented toward development alternative energy-efficient approaches order enhance without placing excessive strain on limited supplies. Recent years have seen relevant surge interest distillation (MD), thermally driven technology having potential complement SWRO logic Process Intensification Zero Liquid Discharge paradigm. Due its peculiar transport mechanism negligibility phenomena, MD allows high-quality distillate production (theoretically, non-volatile species completely rejected) with up 80% at operative temperature (typically 60 °C–80 °C). temperatures make attractive renewable power applications (e.g. solar thermal, wind geothermal sources) efficient exploitation low-grade waste heat streams, efficiency intrinsically losses—and specifically polarization—has so hindered application industrial scale. Nowadays, photothermal materials able absorb convert natural artificial irradiation into gained great attention, demonstrating mitigate ‘anthropic’ input inefficiencies. On this road, step-change improvement light-to-heat conversion expected through high-throughput computational screening thermoplasmonic based electronic optical properties advanced including novel topological phases matter used nanofillers polymeric membranes. Coherently concept Circular Economy, hypersaline solutions rejected (referred ‘brine’) now subject valorization activities along main routes: (1) valuable minor trace metals minerals, special focus critical raw (including, among others, Mg, Na, Ca, K, Sr, Li, Br, B, Rb); (2) salinity gradient (SGP) resulting Gibbs mixing (mainly represented entropic contribution) ionic concentration. exciting new frontier mining concentrates accelerating appearance plethora innovative methods brine dehydration selective extraction ions, although under sword Damocles cost reliable commercial application. other hand, several emerging technologies, electrodialysis (SGP-RED) was already proven capable—at least kW scale–of turning chemical difference river water, electrical energy. Efforts develop next generation ion exchange membranes exhibiting high perm-selectivity (especially monovalent ions) resistance, improve system engineering optimize operational conditions, pursue goal enhancing density achievable (in few W per 2 ). This Roadmap takes form series short contributions written independently worldwide experts topic. Collectively, provide comprehensive picture current state art science how future. In addition, acknowledges challenges advances systems, particularly emphasizing interplay material innovation optimization, which collectively contribute advancing field within nexus framework.

Language: Английский

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Predicting the Conductivity–Selectivity Trade-Off and Upper Bound in Ion-Exchange Membranes

ACS Energy Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 1346 - 1352

Published: March 1, 2024

Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are integral to electrochemical technologies utilized in water purification, energy generation, and storage. The effectiveness of these is contingent upon the selective rapid permeation ions through IEMs. However, like most synthetic membranes, IEMs exhibit a trade-off between selectivity permeability. Understanding fundamental basis for this essential developing that overcome limitation. In study, we present validate model predicts conductivity–selectivity We use framework assess membrane structural properties yield at frontier then explore potential advancements IEM design. Notably, preparing materials with higher charge densities could enhance performance by several orders magnitude. This analysis unfolds blueprint substantial design, potentially catalyzing breakthroughs clean energy.

Language: Английский

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Kinetic barrier networks reveal rate limitations in ion-selective membranes

Matter, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 2161 - 2183

Published: April 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) for selective ion separation and recovery: Fundamentals, challenges, and opportunities

Journal of Membrane Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 699, P. 122650 - 122650

Published: March 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Long-Term Robustness and Failure Mechanisms of Electrochemical Stripping for Wastewater Ammonia Recovery

ACS Environmental Au, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 89 - 105

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Nitrogen in wastewater has negative environmental, human health, and economic impacts but can be recovered to reduce the costs environmental of treatment chemical production. To recover ammonia/ammonium (total ammonia nitrogen, TAN) from urine, we operated electrochemical stripping (ECS) for over a month, achieving 83.4 ± 1.5% TAN removal 73.0 2.9% recovery. With two reactors, sixteen 500-mL batches (8 L total) ammonium sulfate (20.9 g/L approaching commercial fertilizer concentrations (28.4 often having >95% purity. While evaluating operation maintenance needs, identified pH, full-cell voltage, product volume, water flux into as informative process monitoring parameters that inexpensively rapidly measured. Characterization fouled cation exchange omniphobic membranes informs cleaning reactor modifications fouling with organics calcium/magnesium salts. evaluate impact urine collection storage on ECS, conducted experiments at different levels dilution flush water, extents divalent precipitation, degrees hydrolysis. ECS effectively treated under all conditions, minimizing ensuring until complete hydrolysis would enable energy-efficient Our experimental results cost analysis motivate multifaceted approach improving ECS's technical viability by extending component lifetimes, decreasing costs, reducing energy consumption through material, reactor, engineering. In summary, demonstrated foothold nutrient recovery while supporting applicability seven other wastewaters widely varying characteristics. findings will facilitate scale-up deployment technologies, enabling circular nitrogen economy fosters sanitation provision, efficient production, resource protection.

Language: Английский

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Understanding Monovalent Cation Diffusion in Negatively Charged Membranes and the Role of Membrane Water Content

Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57(5), P. 2468 - 2481

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Membranes capable of differentiating between similarly charged ions could enable applications such as resource recovery from naturally occurring waters and industrial wastewaters. Understanding the factors that govern ion transport in these materials is crucial for designing membranes. This study investigates impact membrane water content on diffusion monovalent cations negatively membranes by using absolute reaction rate theory. The activation energy entropy both increase substantially when most structurally bound. predicted a model incorporating Coulombic interactions fixed charges counter-ions. low increases with increasing size hydrated cations, suggesting possible rearrangement primary hydration shells strongly Li+ Na+, during diffusion. These results suggest polymer tortuosity, interactions, structure cation

Language: Английский

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Electrodialysis as a key operating unit in chemical processes: From lab to pilot scale of latest breakthroughs

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 494, P. 153111 - 153111

Published: June 14, 2024

This review article comprehensively explores the significant advancements in electrodialysis (ED) technology within field of chemical engineering, presenting a holistic overview that spans fundamental principles, membrane materials and fabrication techniques, operational parameters, wide array applications. Unlike previous studies often narrow their focus to specific aspects ED, this work synthesizes global advances, bridging gaps between diverse research themes offer coherent understanding current trends future directions. membrane-based separation process driven by electric potential, is pivotal for its applications water purification, desalination, resource recovery, beyond. delves into evolution ion-exchange membranes, highlighting innovations materials, alongside advances techniques enhance selectivity efficiency. It also scrutinizes impact parameters on performance ED systems, addressing challenges like ion leakage, fouling, balance conductivity. Process intensification system optimization strategies are discussed, revealing how recent developments contribute energy efficiency, scalability, sustainability. The further extends emerging sectors ranging from environmental management hydrometallurgy industries, underscored case demonstrate practical implementations. Conclusively, underlines multidisciplinary approach required advancement technologies, suggesting avenues prioritize impact, economic feasibility, technological innovation. Through perspective, it aims catalyze exploration application some most pressing challenges.

Language: Английский

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Ion exchange enabled selective separation from decontamination to desalination to decarbonization: recent advances and opportunities

Environmental Science Water Research & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1319 - 1334

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review presents some major developments and progress in using ion exchange selective separation for decontamination, desalination, decarbonization.

Language: Английский

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