Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 4268 - 4268

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Randomized clinical trials with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have shown the presence of a “residual cardiovascular risk” in those treated to “target” for LDL-cholesterol. This risk is mainly associated lipid components than LDL particular remnant cholesterol (RC) lipoproteins rich triglycerides fasting non-fasting conditions. During fasting, RCs correspond content VLDL their partially depleted triglyceride containing apoB-100. Conversely, conditions, include also present chylomicrons apoB-48. Therefore, refer total plasma minus HDL-cholesterol LDL-cholesterol, that is, all VLDL, remnants. A large body experimental data suggests major role development atherosclerosis. In fact, easily pass arterial wall bind connective matrix stimulating progression smooth muscle cells proliferation resident macrophages. are causal factor events. Fasting equivalent predicting vascular Further studies on effect RC levels evaluate efficacy reduction events needed.

Language: Английский

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Marine Animal Co-Products—How Improving Their Use as Rich Sources of Health-Promoting Lipids Can Foster Sustainability

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 73 - 73

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Marine lipids are recognized for their-health promoting features, mainly being the primary sources of omega-3 fatty acids, and therefore critical human nutrition in an age when global supply these nutrients is experiencing unprecedent pressure due to ever-increasing demand. The seafood industry originates a considerable yield co-products worldwide that, while already explored other purposes, remain mostly undervalued as sustainable healthy lipids, often low-value oil production. These especially appealing lipid since, besides well-known nutritional upside marine animal fat, which particularly rich polyunsaturated they also have interesting bioactive properties, may garner them further interest, not only food, but high-end applications. Besides added value that represent valuable sources, there obvious ecological reducing waste. In this sense, repurposing bioresources will contribute more use strain on heavily depleted stocks. Therefore, untapping potential aligns with both health environmental goals by guaranteeing additional eco-conscious practices.

Language: Английский

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ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status Testing in Humans: A Narrative Review of Commercially Available Options

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 154(5), P. 1487 - 1504

Published: March 22, 2024

There is an increasing body of evidence supporting a link between low intakes omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and numerous diseases health conditions. However, few people are achieving the levels fish/seafood or eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic intake recommended in national international guidelines. Knowledge person's LCPUFA status will benefit interpretation research results could be expected to lead increased effort increase intake. Dietary survey methods often used as surrogate for measuring PUFA tissue its impact on functional outcomes. since individuals vary widely their ability digest absorb PUFA, analytical testing biological samples desirable accurately evaluate status. Adipose reference biospecimen acids, but less invasive methods, such measurements whole blood components (e.g., plasma, serum, red cell membranes) breast milk used. Numerous commercial laboratories provide by different present variety reports full profile, omega-6 profiles, ratios, well Omega-3 Index, Holman Test, OmegaScore™, OmegaCheck®, among others. This narrative review provides information about ways measure (including both dietary assessments selected commercially available tests samples) discusses linking improved health, focusing cardiovascular, neurological, pregnancy, eye support recommendations testing.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE‐IT Randomized Trial

Journal of the American Heart Association, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

The efficacy of icosapent ethyl among patients with very well-controlled baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is unknown. In this post hoc analysis the REDUCE-IT (Reduction Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial) randomized clinical trial, statin-treated high cardiovascular risk, elevated triglycerides (135-499 mg/dL), and LDL-C 41 to 100 mg/dL were included. Patients (2 g twice daily) or placebo then stratified by (<55 versus ≥55 mg/dL). primary composite end point included death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, unstable angina. Among 8175 data, 7117 (87.1%) had 1058 (12.9%) <55 mg/dL. mg/dL, rate was lower in group (16.2% 22.8%) than (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.50-0.87]; absolute risk reduction, 6.6%; P=0.003). a event occurred proportion (17.4% 21.9%) (HR, 0.76 0.69-0.85]; 4.5%; P<0.0001). No significant interaction observed between treatment (P for interaction=0.40). Findings consistent secondary points sensitivity analyses. reduced irrespective LDL-C, including eligible optimal control. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.

Language: Английский

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Omega-3 fatty acids and the gut microbiome: a new frontier in cardiovascular disease prevention

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Plant-Based Diets Reduce Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence

Current Hypertension Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 127 - 150

Published: May 13, 2023

Accumulating data on the consumption of plant-based diets and their impact blood pressure indicate a consensus that are linked to reduced pressure. The suggested mechanisms action manifold, and, in this systematic review, we provide summary most recent findings pressure, along with an analysis molecules accountable for observed effects.The overwhelming majority intervention studies demonstrate result lower readings when compared based animal products. various being clarified. discussed review allow us conclude associated overall better health outcomes (namely, cardiovascular system) animal-based diets. actively investigated involve many macro- micronutrients plentiful plants dishes prepared them.

Language: Английский

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Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary revascularization and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 13, 2024

Abstract Aims Benefits of pharmacologic omega-3 fatty acid administration in cardiovascular prevention are controversial. Particularly, effects on coronary revascularization unclear; also debated specific benefits eicosapentaenoic (EPA). We investigated incident revascularizations, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, heart failure (HF), unstable angina, and death, subjects randomized to receive EPA or + docosahexaenoic (EPA DHA) vs. control. Methods results Meta-analysis controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted after MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web Science, Cochrane Library search. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines were followed abstracting data assessing quality validity. Data pooled using a random model. Eighteen RCTs with 134 144 participants (primary secondary prevention) receiving DHA (n = 52 498), alone 14 640), control/placebo 67 006) included. Follow-up ranged from 4.5 months 7.4 years. Overall, compared controls, supplementation reduced the risk [0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.98; P 0.001; P-heterogeneity 0.0002; I2 68%], MI (0.89, CI 0.81–0.98; 0.02; 0.06; 41%), death (0.92, 0.85–0.99; 0.13; 33%). Lower still observed where most (≥60%) statin therapy. Compared EPA, showed further significant reduction revascularizations (0.76, 0.65–0.88; P-interaction 0.005) all outcomes except HF. Conclusion Omega-3 events revascularization, regardless background use. Eicosapentaenoic produced greater benefits. The role molecules primary potential overall health status cost savings warrant research.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Effects of Mineral Oil, Corn Oil, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, and Docosahexaenoic Acid in an In Vitro Atherosclerosis Model

Journal of the American Heart Association, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(7)

Published: March 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Omega-3 fatty acids and individual variability in plasma triglyceride response: A mini-review

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 102730 - 102730

Published: May 4, 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Supplementation with the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) associated lower CVD risk. However, results from randomized controlled trials that examine effect supplementation on risk are inconsistent. This risk-reducing may be mediated by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress serum triglyceride (TG) levels. not all individuals respond TG levels after supplementation. inter-individual variability in response to fully understood. Hence, we aim review evidence for how interactions between genetic variants, epigenetic gene expression profiling, gut microbiota habitual intake can explain why differs individuals. contribute understanding current controversies play role defining future personalized guidelines prevent CVD.

Language: Английский

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Triglycerides revisited: is hypertriglyceridaemia a necessary therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease?

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 570 - 582

Published: June 16, 2023

Despite the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk reduction achieved by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering therapy, residual ASCVD still exists. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested high plasma triglyceride (TG) levels as a factor or marker for independent of LDL-C levels. In this review, we highlighted underlying pathophysiology hypertriglyceridaemia, mechanistic action therapeutic agents, interpretation conflicting results on recent clinical trials, and present options primary secondary prevention. The benefits fibrates-induced in TG increase high-density might outweigh disadvantages increasing CVD prevention, using eicosapentaenoic acid without docosahexaenoic acid, addition to statins, will be beneficial. This comprehensive review may prove useful development novel approaches that target hypertriglyceridaemia future.

Language: Английский

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