From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID

Published: March 30, 2023

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers various events from molecular to tissue level, which in turn is given by the intrinsic characteristics of each patient. Given diversity characteristic cellular phenotype, possible cytopathic, and clinical effects are difficult predict, determines heterogeneity COVID-19 symptoms. The purpose this article provide a comprehensive review cytopathic SARS-CoV-2 on cell types, focusing development COVID-19, may lead, some patients, persistence symptoms after recovery disease, condition known as long COVID. We describe mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions, including alterations protein expression, intracellular signaling pathways, immune responses. In particular, highlights potential impact these cytopathies function outcomes, such dysregulation, neuropsychiatric disorders, organ damage. concludes discussing future directions for research implications management treatment Long-COVID.

Language: Английский

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The Long-Term Cardiovascular Impact of COVID-19: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 10, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a substantial global health crisis, with effects extending far beyond acute phase of infection. This review aims to provide comprehensive overview long-term cardiovascular impact COVID-19, focusing on pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and future research directions. SARS-CoV-2 induces complications through mechanisms such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, direct myocardial injury, leading conditions like myocarditis, heart failure, arrhythmias, thromboembolic events. These effects, collectively called "long COVID" or post-acute sequelae infection (PASC), present significant challenges for healthcare systems patient management. Diagnostic approaches include imaging techniques laboratory tests identify monitor complications. Management strategies emphasize holistic approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments lifestyle modifications. Special attention is required vulnerable populations, including those pre-existing conditions. Ongoing essential understand full spectrum impacts develop effective treatments. highlights critical need continued vigilance, multidisciplinary care, address improve outcomes survivors.

Language: Английский

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Are the Comorbidities Constitute an Intrinsic Factor for Long COVID?

Published: May 2, 2024

Long COVID, a name often given to the persistent symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, poses multifaceted challenge for health. This review explores intrinsic relationship between comorbidities and autoimmune responses in shaping trajectory of long COVID. Autoantibodies have emerged as significant players COVID-19 pathophysiology, with implications disease severity progression. Studies show immune dysregulation persisting months after marked by activated innate cells high cytokine levels. The presence autoantibodies against various autoantigens suggests their potential comorbid factors Additionally, formation complexes may lead severe progression, highlighting urgency early detection intervention. Furthermore, COVID is highly linked cardiovascular complications neurological symptoms, posing challenges diagnosis management. Multidisciplinary approaches, including vaccination, tailored rehabilitation, pharmacological interventions, are used mitigating COVID's burden. However, numerous persist, from evolving diagnostic criteria addressing psychosocial impact predicting outcomes. Leveraging AI-based applications holds promise enhancing patient management improving our understanding As research continues unfold, unravelling complexities remains paramount effective intervention care.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID management: a mini review of current recommendations and underutilized modalities

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 14, 2024

Long COVID is a condition that develops in subset of patients after COVID-19 infection comprising symptoms varying severity encompassing multiple organ systems. Currently, long without consensus on formal definition, identifiable biomarkers, and validated treatment. expected to be long-term chronic for associated with suffering incapacity. There an urgent need clear management guidelines the primary care provider, who essential bridging gap more specialized improve quality life functionality their living COVID. The purpose this mini review provide providers latest highlights from existing literature regarding most common current recommendations. This also underutilized interventions stellate ganglion blocks low-dose naltrexone, both well-established safety profiles demonstrated some COVID, encourages prompt referral interventional pain management.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID Cardiopulmonary Symptoms and Health Resort Treatment: A Retrospective Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 5563 - 5563

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Background/Objectives: Long COVID covers many cardio-pulmonary symptoms, worsening individuals’ health status. Health resort treatment applies balneological factors, physical medicine modalities, climate actions, and exercises that may be beneficial for COVID-19 survivors. This study aimed to assess the severity of cardiopulmonary symptoms in people qualified its efficacy this group patients. Methods: Medical records 239 attending were analysed. A total 122 (71 women 51 men) with a mean age 64.35 years ± 8.66 enrolled analysis. The long assessed twice: before after treatment. Results: Persisting do not differentiate between men. reduces both sexes. Age does mediate Conclusions: persistent are low intensity independent gender. effectively mitigates dyspnoea, tightness chest, sputum patients, so it should implemented into standard course survivors as continuation therapy.

Language: Английский

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Genetic and Epigenetic Intersections in COVID-19-Associated Cardiovascular Disease: Emerging Insights and Future Directions

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 485 - 485

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

The intersection of COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as a significant area research, particularly in understanding the impact antiplatelet therapies like ticagrelor clopidogrel. been associated with acute complications, including myocardial infarction, thrombosis, heart failure, exacerbated by virus's ability to trigger widespread inflammation endothelial dysfunction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical role regulating these processes modulating gene expressions involved platelet function, inflammation, vascular homeostasis. This study explores potential miRNAs such miR-223 miR-126 biomarkers for predicting resistance or responsiveness patients disease. Identifying miRNA signatures linked drug efficacy could optimize treatment strategies at high risk thrombotic events during infection. Moreover, miRNA-mediated pathways offers new insights into how SARS-CoV-2 exacerbates CVD, through mechanisms cytokine storms damage. findings this research lead personalized therapeutic approaches, improving patient outcomes reducing mortality COVID-19-associated events. With global implications, addresses urgent need effective management CVD context COVID-19, focusing on integration molecular enhance precision therapy.

Language: Английский

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Impact of QazVac vaccination on clinical manifestations and immune responses in post—COVID syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 26, 2025

Introduction Post-COVID syndrome, also known as long COVID, has emerged a major public health concern, affecting substantial proportion of individuals recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This condition is characterized by persistent symptoms lasting at least 2 months after acute infection, significantly impacting quality life and increasing healthcare burdens. In Kazakhstan, the recognition post- COVID syndrome in national clinical protocols highlights need for effective prevention management strategies. Vaccination been suggested key intervention to reduce severity prevalence symptoms, yet data on its effectiveness, particularly domestic QazVac vaccine, remain limited. The aim this study investigate impact vaccination with vaccine features humoral cellular immunity patients post-COVID conditions identify leading variants course. Methods We analyzed 90 vaccinated 217 non-vaccinated patients, examining sex, age, smoking status, BMI, comorbidities, manifestations. Results There were no significant differences between groups regard status. However, characteristics subjects indicated that was correlated lower diabetes mellitus (2.2% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.011) cardiovascular diseases (0.0% 10.1%, 0.047), higher hypertension among subjects. With presented decreased frequency neurological (51.1% 74.2%, 0.001), gastrointestinal (4.4% 15.2%, 0.008), respiratory (21.1% 36.4%, 0.009), rheumatological (26.7% 38.7%, 0.044), kidney 9.7%, 0.024). contrast, unvaccinated participants had more memory loss (49.8% 22.2%, < depression (31.3% 6.7%, joint pain (33.2% 14.4%, other psychopathological symptoms. Discussion A sharp decrease neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, recorded advocating protective role against COVID-19 sequelae. These findings highlight potential mitigate burden complications across various organ systems.

Language: Английский

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Sequelae of long COVID, known and unknown: A review of updated information

BioScience Trends, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 85 - 116

Published: March 13, 2023

Over three years have passed since the COVID-19 pandemic started. The dangerousness and impact of should definitely not be ignored or underestimated. Other than symptoms acute infection, long-term associated with SARS-CoV-2 which are referred to here as "sequelae long COVID (LC)", also a conspicuous global public health concern. Although such sequelae were well-documented, understanding insights regarding LC-related remain inadequate due limitations previous studies (the follow-up, methodological flaws, heterogeneity among studies, etc.). Notably, robust evidence diagnosis treatment certain LC insufficient has been stumbling block better management these patients. This awkward situation motivated us conduct this review. Here, we comprehensively reviewed updated information, particularly focusing on clinical issues. We attempt provide latest information by systematically reviewing involvement main organ systems. propose paths for future exploration based available knowledge authors' experience. believe that take-home messages will helpful gain into ultimately benefit practice in treating sequelae.

Language: Английский

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A Post-Pandemic Enigma: The Cardiovascular Impact of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 132(10), P. 1358 - 1373

Published: May 11, 2023

COVID-19 has become the first modern-day pandemic of historic proportion, affecting >600 million individuals worldwide and causing >6.5 deaths. While acute infection had devastating consequences, postacute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 appears to be a its own, impacting up one-third survivors often symptoms suggestive cardiovascular phenomena. This review will highlight suspected pathophysiology SARS-CoV-2, influence on system, potential treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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The interplay between Sars-Cov-2 infection related cardiovascular diseases and depression. Common mechanisms, shared symptoms

American Heart Journal Plus Cardiology Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 100364 - 100364

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

In 2020 the World Health organization announced a pandemic due to outbreak of Coronavirus disease 19. Pneumonia was most common manifestation Sars-Cov-2 infection, however, clinical papers describe associated cardiovascular pathologies, such as ACS, myopericarditis, cardiomyopathies, dysrhythmias, leading causes increased morbidity and mortality. The short long term prognosis Sars-Cov-2-related diseases defined not only by severity itself but also conditions complications, among which mental health issues (stress, depression anxiety) have negative impact. interplay between may be explained hyperinflammation, unhealthy lifestyle inter-organ communication, mediated extracellular vesicles (EV) non-coding MicroRNA (miRNA). Covid syndrome is characterized with orthostatic hypotension, impaired cardiac cerebral perfusion, postural tachycardia (POTS), syncope, chest pain, dyspnea, palpitation, chronic fatigue syndrome, ‘brain fog’, memory, cognitive sleep difficulties, anxiety. From point view these symptoms considered representing neurological/psychiatric problem. Consequently assessment are paramount importance. Due their complexity, management patients requires multidisciplinary care.

Language: Английский

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