Type 1 diabetes mellitus: retrospect and prospect

Bulletin of the National Research Centre/Bulletin of the National Research Center, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(1)

Published: April 19, 2024

Abstract Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease leading to destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute pathogenesis. The incidence T1D increasing worldwide, with significant geographic ethnic variations. Patients present symptoms hyperglycemia complications. Main body In T1D, autoreactive T cells autoantibodies destroy cells, causing insulin deficiency. Exogenous therapy essential but cannot replicate normal physiology. Management requires intensive lifestyle education on diet, exercise, glucose monitoring avoiding complications, in addition insulin. Novel therapies like immunotherapy, cell transplantation, artificial pancreas devices AI algorithms aim improve care. Strategies for reversing involve combination immunotherapies block autoimmunity regenerate via stem or xenotransplantation. Conclusion While type remains challenging, ongoing research provides hope. Elucidating individualized mechanisms translating findings into precision prevention treatment approaches are critical improving long-term outcomes. Innovative multi-targeted may fundamentally change the trajectory T1D.

Language: Английский

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Experience of using insulin pump therapy in underprivileged children from LMIC countries

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Inclusive horizons: charting a supportive path for type 1 diabetes care in India: a TiEUP collaborative white paper

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Marked improvement in HbA1c following introduction of biosimilar insulin to treatment regimen of children and youth with type 1 diabetes in Mali: A randomised controlled trial

Diabetic Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Abstract Aims Evidence on outcomes of treating type 1 diabetes (T1D) with long‐acting basal insulins in low‐resourced settings is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the impact switching children and youth T1D low‐income country Mali from human insulin via syringe biosimilar glargine delivered by reusable pens combined short‐acting syringe. Methods A two‐group parallel design randomised trial was conducted enrolling 260 aged <25 years, diagnosed for ≥12 months without prior use analogue insulin. Youth were 1:1 either continue receiving current therapy or switch The primary outcome HbA1c, collected at baseline 3‐monthly 12 months. Results Primary data available 130 (100%) intervention group 128 (98.5%) control group. Over 12‐month period, mean HbA1c decreased 103 65 mmol/mol (11.6%–8.1%) ( p < 0.001) 101 93 (11.4% 10.7%) 0.01), an absolute difference 30 (95% CI: −37, −24) 0.001). proportion participants ≥130 (≥14%) 38.5% 0% group, versus 40.6% 21.9% Conclusions Switching a basal‐bolus regimen including resulted marked improvements diabetic ketoacidosis episodes. With relevant training, resources, support, feasible acceptable healthcare professionals.

Language: Английский

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Exogenous vs Endogenous Insulin Delivery: 2025

Current Transplantation Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: April 23, 2025

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Conveying the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes to the blind, low‐vision and diverse needs communities through sensory stimulation

Immunology and Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102(5), P. 341 - 346

Published: March 5, 2024

Abstract To educate members of the blind, low‐vision and diverse needs communities on pathogenesis chronic autoimmune disease, type 1 diabetes, our team with research expertise in immune‐mediated diseases, participated 2023 Monash Sensory Science (MSS) Exhibition. Using QR code linked audio commentary, participants were guided through tactile displays demonstrating normal insulin action regulation blood glucose levels its vital role providing energy to tissues, followed by describing various stages immune system's aberrant attack eventual complete destruction producing beta‐cells pancreatic islets diabetes. These models conveyed huge effect that this autoimmune‐mediated disease has quality life affected individuals including subsequent lifelong reliance injections maintain homeostasis. This MSS Exhibition provided a unique opportunity for researchers engage under‐represented community raise awareness about such debilitating common disease.

Language: Английский

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Glucose Variability in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Associations with Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2006 - 2006

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

The prevalence of overweight and obesity increases in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the impact fat accumulation on glucose dynamics T1D is poorly understood. We assessed continuous monitoring (CGM) parameters patients depending their body weight, composition, insulin sensitivity. In 547 patients, including 238 overweight/obese individuals, CGM-derived time range (TIR) variability (GV) were estimated. Body composition was by DXA. Estimated disposal rate (eGDR) used as an indicator Overweight/obese when compared to normal-weight ones, have a lower below (TBR) (<3 mmol/L), GV, experienced fewer episodes low glucose. men, TIR, higher above (TAR), GV reduction associated central adiposity total, trunk, android mass. women, gynoid mass only TIR TAR. eGDR positive predictor negative TAR, TBR, men women. conclusion, risk CGM-confirmed hypoglycemia, reduced GV. These features daily may be mediated resistance.

Language: Английский

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Clinical features, biomarkers and diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents in Sana’a, Yemen

BMJ Paediatrics Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. e002680 - e002680

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

There is little published information on type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children Yemen. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics, biomarkers and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of T1D among adolescents a centre Sana'a,

Language: Английский

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Monitoring Global Progress in Core Diabetes Control Metrics: Protocol for a Systematic Review of Prevalence (2015–2023)

HRB Open Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 27 - 27

Published: April 29, 2024

Background The Global Diabetes Compact is a WHO-sponsored initiative that aims to improve diabetes care and prevention, reduce the global burden of diabetes. This includes goal monitoring progress achievement country-level metrics targets. objective this systematic review examine population-based studies from 2015–2023 determine status core control metrics: glycaemic (HbA1c), blood pressure lipid (low-density lipoprotein non-high-density cholesterol), statin use. will describe regional variation in attainment gaps concerning these indicators. Methods follow JBI methodological approach reviews prevalence, be reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We include observational studies, conducted all geographic settings report data on adult populations (≥18 years) with diagnosed Type 1 or 2 diabetes, no language restrictions. search following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, WHO Index Medicus. Using Covidence, two reviewers independently screen titles abstracts against eligibility criteria, potentially relevant full-text articles, extract eligible studies. A third reviewer resolve any conflicts. Reviewers use standardised extraction form study population, methodological, outcome data. Primary outcomes are levels glycaemic, pressure, control, Methodological quality included assessed Critical Appraisal tool reporting prevalence Extracted synthesised descriptive statistics summarised narratively. Dissemination Findings used inform surveillance, treatment initiatives. completed submitted publication peer-reviewed journal, presented at national international conferences. PROSPERO registration CRD42024505286 OSF https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DZYJK

Language: Английский

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A Unique Government–NGO–Industry Partnership Care Model to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality Among Underprivileged Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in LMIC: A Pilot Study From Tamil Nadu, India

Journal of Diabetology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 409 - 412

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Abstract Aim: To pilot a 1-year comprehensive type 1 diabetes mellitus program, assessing outcomes on glycemic control and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) admissions pre- post-intervention in underprivileged children with from three selected Government Medical College Hospitals across Tamil Nadu state, through Government–nongovernmental organization (NGO)–Industry partnership. Materials Methods: A total of 214 were identified the hospital database. Highly focused insulin education along analog insulins penfill cartridges basal-bolus regime, high quality 800 memory glucometers 100 glucose strips per month, ultrafine needles, 24/7 telephone support, monthly review supported to all children. Data baseline characteristics, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), DKA tabulated Microsoft Excel, results analyzed. Results: 2.4% reduction HbA1c more than 90% reductions seen compared baseline. This can potentially translate huge mortality cost savings for stakeholders. Conclusions: combined Government–NGO–Industry partnership is need hour reduce morbidity associated among India. Our model has potential serve as blueprint care low- middle-income countries.

Language: Английский

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