Role of Plant-Derived Flavonoids and Their Mechanism in Attenuation of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases: An Update of Recent Data

Molecules, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 814 - 814

Published: April 2, 2018

Neurodegeneration is a progressive loss of neuronal cells in certain regions the brain. Most neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) share communal characteristic such as damage or reduction various cell types typically including astrocytes and microglial activity. Several compounds are being trialed to treat NDDs but they possess solitary symptomatic advantages along with copious side effects. The finding more enthralling captivating suspend standstill pathology will be considered hallmark present times. Phytochemicals potential alternate synthetic line therapy against NDDs. review explores efficacy plant-derived flavonoids most common Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Parkinson’s (PD). Flavonoids biologically active phytochemicals which pharmacological effects, antiviral, anti-allergic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-apoptotic anti-oxidant effects able attenuate through down-regulating nitric oxide (NO) production, by reducing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), excitotoxicity superoxide well acting tyrosine kinase (TK) monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibiting enzyme.

Language: Английский

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Four-octyl itaconate activates Keap1-Nrf2 signaling to protect neuronal cells from hydrogen peroxide

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Nov. 15, 2018

Four-octyl itaconate (OI), the itaconate's cell-permeable derivative, can activate Nrf2 signaling via alkylation of Keap1 at its cysteine residues. The current study tested potential neuroprotective function OI in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated neuronal cells.SH-SY5Y cells and epigenetically de-repressed (by TSA treatment) primary murine neurons were treated with and/or H2O2. pathway genes examined by Western blotting assay real-time quantitative PCR analysis. Neuronal cell death was LDH trypan blue staining assays. Apoptosis TUNEL Annexin V assays.In SH-SY5Y neurons, activated signaling, causing Keap1-Nrf2 disassociation, protein stabilization nuclear translocation, as well expression Nrf2-regulated (HO1, NQO1 GCLC) ninjurin2 (Ninj2). Functional studies showed that attenuated H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation DNA damage apoptosis. shRNA-mediated knockdown, or CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockout almost abolished OI-induced neuroprotection against is target OI. CRISPR/Cas9 method mimicked actions cells. Introduction a Cys151S mutant reversed activation anti-H2O2 neuroprotection.OI activates to protect from H2O2 vitro.

Language: Английский

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Targeting α-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease: Progress Towards the Development of Disease-Modifying Therapeutics

Drugs, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 79(8), P. 797 - 810

Published: April 13, 2019

Language: Английский

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Melatonin ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration via the potential mechanisms of mitophagy induction and apoptosis inhibition

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 2136 - 2148

Published: Jan. 4, 2019

Abstract Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a complicated disease in patients. The pathogenesis of IDD encompasses cellular oxidative stress, mitochondrion dysfunction and apoptosis. Melatonin eliminates oxygen free radicals, regulates mitochondrial homoeostasis function, stimulates mitophagy protects against Therefore, we hypothesize that melatonin has beneficial effect on by stimulation inhibition effects were investigated vitro vivo. For the former, diminished apoptosis caused tert‐butyl hydroperoxide nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Mitophagy, as well its upstream regulator Parkin, was activated both dose time‐dependent manner. Mitophagy cyclosporine A (CsA) partially eliminated protective NP cell apoptosis, suggesting involved IDD. In addition, demonstrated to preserve extracellular matrix (ECM) content Collagen II, Aggrecan Sox‐9, while inhibiting expression enzymes, including MMP‐13 ADAMTS‐5. vivo, our results treatment ameliorated puncture‐induced rat model. To conclude, suggested protected cells via induction degeneration, providing potential therapy for

Language: Английский

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SIRT1 pathway in Parkinson’s disease: a faraway snapshot but so close

Inflammopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 37 - 56

Published: Dec. 29, 2022

Abstract Silent information regulator (SIRT) has distinctive enzymatic activities and physiological functions to control cell-cycle progression, gene expression, DNA stability by targeting histone non-histone proteins. SIRT1 enhances synaptic formation activity, therefore, can reduce the progression of various degenerative brain diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD). activity is decreased aging with a subsequent increased risk for development diseases. Inhibition promotes inflammatory reactions since inhibits transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which also activation via microRNA miR-34a NAD synthesis. highly expressed in microglia as well neurons, antioxidant anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, this review aimed find possible role PD neuropathology. neuroprotective effects; downregulation during p53 expression may increase vulnerability neuronal cell deaths. neuropathology linked sequence changes release pro-inflammatory cytokines due signaling pathways. In addition, oxidative stress, disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis contribute mutually Thus, activators play crucial mitigation through amelioration apoptosis,

Language: Английский

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