Luteolin enhanced antioxidant capability and induced pyroptosis through NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 in splenic lymphocytes exposure to ammonia

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 919, P. 170699 - 170699

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Pathophysiology to Risk Factor and Therapeutics to Treatment Strategies on Epilepsy

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 71 - 71

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Epilepsy represents a condition in which abnormal neuronal discharges or the hyperexcitability of neurons occur with synchronicity, presenting significant public health challenge. Prognostic factors, such as etiology, electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, type and number seizures before treatment, well initial unsatisfactory effects medications, are important considerations. Although there several third-generation antiepileptic drugs currently available, their multiple side can negatively affect patient quality life. The inheritance etiology epilepsy complex, involving underlying genetic epigenetic mechanisms. Different neurotransmitters play crucial roles maintaining normal physiology different neurons. Dysregulations neurotransmission, due to transmitter levels changes receptors, result seizures. In this review, we address played by various receptors pathophysiology epilepsy. Furthermore, extensively explore neurological mechanisms involved development progression epilepsy, along its risk factors. highlight new therapeutic targets, pharmacological non-pharmacological strategies employed treatment epileptic syndromes, including drug interventions clinical trials related

Language: Английский

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Pirfenidone regulates seizures through the HMGB1/TLR4 axis to improve cognitive functions and modulate oxidative stress and neurotransmitters in PTZ-induced kindling in mice

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Background Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Pirfenidone, an antifibrotic drug, has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties various disease models, including conditions. However, its potential anticonvulsant effects have not been thoroughly explored. This study aims evaluate of pirfenidone pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling model epilepsy, focusing on effect seizure activity, cognition, profiles, inflammatory markers, neurotransmitter balance, liver enzyme levels, histopathological changes. Methods Healthy male Swiss albino mice were subjected acute Increasing Current Electroshock test chronic pentylenetetrazol-kindling model. Pirfenidone was administered at doses 100, 200, 300 mg/kg, orally, with sodium valproate as standard drug. Seizure severity cognitive function assessed model, along biochemical assays that evaluated enzymes, levels. Histopathological changes also hippocampus cortex experimental mice. Results 200 mg/kg significantly increased Threshold test, indicating protective against seizures. In delayed onset reduced severity, dose showing strongest impact. demonstrated significant improvements function, evidenced enhanced performance passive avoidance elevated plus maze tests. Antioxidant profiles showed levels superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, corresponding reduction malondialdehyde acetylcholinesterase pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, transforming growth factor-β, tumor necrosis factor- α, high-mobility group box-1, toll-like receptor-4, gamma-aminobutyric acid, decreased glutamate modulated aspartate aminotransferase alanine analysis revealed ameliorated cellular disintegration neuronal damage cortex. Conclusion shows anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective agent, additional benefits improving cognition oxidative stress epilepsy treatment. Further studies are required explore long-term safety efficacy.

Language: Английский

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Is Atopic Dermatitis Only a Skin Disease?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 837 - 837

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic, inflammatory dermatosis that imposes significant patient and population burdens. In addition to the cutaneous signs symptoms, growing evidence suggests AD systemic in nature. Certain diseases can possibly co-occur with as result of coincidental exposure similar environmental factors. However, it also suspected they are linked pathogenesis through more complex genetic immunological mechanisms, but these correlations remain less understood. It great need seek explanations for higher frequency number cardiovascular, autoimmune, neurological, psychiatric, metabolic disorders have been observed epidemiologic investigations among patients. Moreover, analysing immunology chronic inflammation its correction, activation, or suppression may prevent development variety comorbidities. As comorbid patients diagnosed potentially go undetected, physicians should be aware them.

Language: Английский

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Advances in the mTOR signaling pathway and its inhibitor rapamycin in epilepsy

Brain and Behavior, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6)

Published: May 23, 2023

Abstract Introduction Epilepsy is one of the most common and serious brain syndromes has adverse consequences on a patient's neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, social wellbeing, thereby threatening their quality life. Some patients with epilepsy experience poor treatment effects due to unclear pathophysiological mechanisms syndrome. Dysregulation mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) pathway thought play an important role in onset progression some epilepsies. Methods This review summarizes mTOR signaling pathogenesis prospects for use inhibitors. Results The functions as vital mediator development through diverse mechanisms, indicating that it great potential effective therapy. excessive activation leads structural changes neurons, inhibits autophagy, exacerbates neuron damage, affects mossy fiber sprouting, enhances neuronal excitability, increases neuroinflammation, closely associated tau upregulation epilepsy. A growing number studies have demonstrated inhibitors exhibit significant antiepileptic both clinical applications animal models. Specifically, rapamycin, specific inhibitor TOR, reduces intensity frequency seizures. Clinical tuberous sclerosis complex shown function reducing seizures improving this disease. Everolimus, chemically modified derivative been approved added other medicines. Further explorations are needed evaluate therapeutic efficacy application value Conclusions Targeting provides promising prospect

Language: Английский

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Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum in a Lithium–Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 8451 - 8451

Published: May 8, 2023

Epilepsy is a challenging brain disorder that often difficult to treat with conventional therapies. The gut microbiota has been shown play an important role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy. In this study, effects Bifidobacterium longum, probiotic, on inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and behavior are evaluated lithium-pilocarpine model temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) induced young adult rats. B. longum was administered orally at dose 109 CFU/rat for 30 days after pilocarpine injection. results show treatment beneficial TLE-induced changes anxiety levels, death amygdala, body weight recovery. addition, increased expression anti-inflammatory neuroprotective genes, such as Il1rn Pparg. However, probiotic had little effect astrogliosis microgliosis did not reduce hippocampus cortex. study suggests may have TLE provide valuable insights into bacteria epileptogenesis. be promising drug comprehensive

Language: Английский

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Advances in the study of IL-17 in neurological diseases and mental disorders

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 16, 2023

Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a cytokine characteristically secreted by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has attracted increasing attention in recent years because of its importance the pathogenesis many autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that neurological diseases and mental disorders are closely related to immune function, varying degrees dysregulation may disrupt normal expression molecules at critical stages neural development. Starting from relevant mechanisms affecting regulation, this article reviews research progress IL-17 selected group (autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, depression) perspective neuroinflammation microbiota–gut–brain axis, summarizes commonalities, provides prospective outlook target application disease treatment.

Language: Английский

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Advances in research on immunocyte iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and their regulatory roles in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7)

Published: July 4, 2024

Abstract Autoimmune diseases commonly affect various systems, but their etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Currently, increasing research has highlighted the role of ferroptosis in immune regulation, with cells being a crucial component body’s system. This review provides an overview discusses relationship between ferroptosis, programmed cell death cells, autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it summarizes key targets such as GPX4 TFR, responses. Furthermore, release multiple molecules, including damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), following by is examined, these molecules further influence differentiation function thereby affecting occurrence progression Moreover, secrete factors or metabolites, which also impact target organs tissues involved Iron chelators, chloroquine its derivatives, antioxidants, calreticulin have been demonstrated to be effective animal studies for certain diseases, exerting anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory effects. Finally, brief summary future perspectives on are provided, aiming guide disease treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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The kinase RIPK3 promotes neuronal survival by suppressing excitatory neurotransmission during central nervous system viral infection

Immunity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Role of Pyroptosis, a Pro-inflammatory Programmed Cell Death, in Epilepsy

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 1049 - 1059

Published: July 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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