Cerebellar Roles in Motor and Social Functions and Implications for ASD

The Cerebellum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 2564 - 2574

Published: July 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation inhibits epileptic seizures in motor cortex by modulating hippocampus neural activity

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 33, P. 366 - 371

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Prior studies indicate that applying low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) to the hippocampus can suppress epileptic seizures. Nevertheless, it is unclear how TUS regulates hippocampal neural activity, and whether discharges in motor cortex are suppressed by modulating activity. To explore answers of above questions, was utilized investigate responses aforementioned inquiries stimulating mice with penicillin-induced epilepsy, while simultaneously recording local field potentials (LFPs) (M1) throughout experiment. The results showed (1) reduced amplitude strength θ frequency band LFPs M1, (2) decreased coupling δ-γ, θ-γ α-γ bands (3) weakened correlation activity between M1. indicated effectively abnormal slow oscillations hippocampus, had a significant decoupling effect on slow-fast oscillations, hippocampus-cortical may be through circuits firing

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D3 Treatment Reduces Epileptic Neuronal Damage by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Increasing Vitamin D Receptor Expression in an In Vivo Epileptic Model

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(2)

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is prevalent in more than half of patients treated with antiepileptic drugs. The number seizures decreases by 40% after vitamin D3 supplementation. This study aimed to investigate the effects using an vivo epileptic model. Sprague-Dawley rats received pentylenetetrazole (i.p.) treatment induce epilepsy and were then sodium valproate, VitD, or a combination VitD paricalcitol. improved behavior, as evidenced increased latency time significant reduction scores on seventh day challenge. Improvements cell morphology reduced neuronal damage observed well decreased apoptosis rates caused epilepsy. Although no changes calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) any group, level (VDR) significantly groups alone, paricalcitol valproate. demonstrated effect reducing neuroprotective may be attributed inhibition increase expression receptors induced

Language: Английский

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Leonurine Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Pentylenetetrazole-induced Epilepsy in Rats

Pharmacognosy Magazine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2025

Background Epilepsy is a complex neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal neuronal activity. Purpose The major aim of this study examine the therapeutic activities leonurine in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-challenged epileptic seizure model rats. Methods was initiated rats administering 45 mg/kg PTZ. Rats received pretreatment (10 mg/kg) and standard drug diazepam 30 min before PTZ treatment. Seizure severity evaluated both control experimental levels oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory cytokines, ion transports, neurotransmitters were assessed utilizing appropriate test kits. Molecular markers such as cytochrome- c (cyt- c), caspase-3, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) concentrations studied using respective Histological studies conducted on brain tissues Results Leonurine treatment significantly diminished increased locomotor activity also effectively regulated transport mechanisms, reduced stress, decreased TLR-4 high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), cytokine, protein kinase (AKT)/mTOR axis, cyt- c, COX-2, NF-κB cortex hippocampal regions with epilepsy. findings histopathological proved effects leonurine. Conclusion It may be concluded that offers promising candidate treat Further are necessary understand underlying mechanisms leonurine’s benefits

Language: Английский

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Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Systematic Review

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 108834 - 108834

Published: March 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Exploring potential key genes and disease mechanisms in Εarly-onset genetic epilepsy via integrated bioinformatics analysis

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106888 - 106888

Published: April 1, 2025

Epilepsy is a severe common neurological disease affecting all ages. with onset before the age of 5 years, designated early-onset epilepsy (EOE), special importance. According to previous studies, genetic factors contribute significantly pathogenesis EOE that remains unclear and must be explored. So, list 229 well-selected EOE-associated genes expressed in brain was created for investigation molecular mechanisms involved its pathogenesis. Enrichment analysis showed among significant pathways were nicotine addiction, GABAergic synapse, synaptic vesicle cycle, regulation membrane potential, cholinergic dopaminergic morphine addiction. Performing an integrated as well protein-protein interaction network-based approaches use GO, KEGG, ClueGO, cytoHubba 3 network metrics, 12 hub identified, seven which, CDKL5, GABRA1, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, SCN1A, SCN8A STXBP1, identified key (via Venn diagram analysis). These are mostly enriched SNARE interactions vesicular transport, potential exocytosis. Clustering PPI via MCODE functional modules, indicating also other such N-Glycan biosynthesis protein N-linked glycosylation, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, mTOR signaling aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Drug-gene number drugs medications EOE, which non-FDA approved azetukalner (under clinical development), indiplon ICA-105665 FDA retigabine, ganaxolone methohexital.

Language: Английский

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Embryonic Exposure to Flaxseed Oil During Early Development Protects Against Seizures in Zebrafish Larvae via Targeting BDNF/TrkB-Mediated GABAergic Inhibition

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106701 - 106701

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential of Fingolimod on Psychological Symptoms and Cognitive Function in Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders

Neurochemical Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(10), P. 2668 - 2681

Published: June 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Galangal): A Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(19), P. 3378 - 3378

Published: Oct. 4, 2024

Background/Objectives: This review aims to provide a detailed understanding of the current evidence on Alpinia officinarum Hance (A. officinarum) and its potential therapeutic role in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. CNS disorders encompass wide range affecting brain spinal cord, leading various neurological, cognitive psychiatric impairments. In recent years, natural products have emerged as neuroprotective agents for treatment due their outstanding bioactivity favourable safety profile. One such plant is A. officinarum, also known lesser galangal, perennial herb from Zingiberaceae family. Its phytochemical compounds flavonoids phenols been documented powerful antioxidants effect, capable scavenging free radicals preventing oxidative damage. Methods: this review, we critically evaluate vitro vivo studies examine mechanisms by which exerts effect. Results: Several confirmed that effects reducing stress cell apoptosis, promoting neurite outgrowth, modulating neurotransmitter levels signalling pathways. Conclusions: Although previous shown promising results models neurological disorders, underlying Alzheimer’s (AD) Parkinson’s disease (PD) are still poorly understood. Further tissue motor functions animal AD PD needed validate observed studies. addition, further clinical confirm efficacy

Language: Английский

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Ketogenic Diet and Neuroinflammation: Implications for Neuroimmunometabolism and Therapeutic Approaches to Refractory Epilepsy

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(23), P. 3994 - 3994

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Refractory epilepsy, characterized by seizures that do not respond to standard antiseizure medications, remains a significant clinical challenge. The central role of the immune system on occurrence epileptic disorders has been long studied, but recent perspectives immunometabolism and neuroinflammation are reshaping scientific knowledge. ketogenic diet its variants have considered an important medical nutrition therapy for refractory epilepsy may potential modulation effect system, specifically, metabolism cells. In this comprehensive review, we gathered current evidence-based practice, interventional ongoing trials addressing in epilepsy. We also discussed detail anticonvulsant mechanisms, neuroimmunometabolism, highlighting Th17/Treg homeostasis as one most interesting aspects deserving consideration future trials.

Language: Английский

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