Oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders: Mechanisms and implications

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 15 - 34

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Neuroprotection is a proactive approach to safeguarding the nervous system, including brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, by preventing or limiting damage nerve cells other components. It primarily defends central system against injury from acute progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between body's natural defense mechanisms generation of reactive oxygen species, crucial in developing neurological Due its high metabolic rate consumption, brain particularly vulnerable oxidative stress. Excessive ROS damages essential biomolecules, leading cellular malfunction neurodegeneration. Several disorders, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple ischemic stroke, are associated with Understanding impact stress these conditions for new treatment methods. Researchers exploring using antioxidants molecules mitigate aiming prevent slow down progression diseases. By understanding intricate interplay scientists hope pave way innovative therapeutic preventive approaches, ultimately improving individuals' living standards.

Language: Английский

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Targeting natural antioxidant polyphenols to protect neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Polyphenols, naturally occurring phytonutrients found in plant-based foods, have attracted significant attention for their potential therapeutic effects neurological diseases and neuroinflammation. These compounds possess diverse neuroprotective capabilities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloid properties, which contribute to mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Dementia, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Stroke, Huntington's (HD). Polyphenols been extensively studied ability regulate inflammatory responses by modulating activity pro-inflammatory genes influencing signal transduction pathways, thereby reducing neuroinflammation neuronal death. Additionally, polyphenols shown promise various cellular signaling pathways associated with viability, synaptic plasticity, cognitive function. Epidemiological clinical studies highlight polyphenol-rich diets decrease risk alleviate symptoms disorders Furthermore, demonstrated through regulation key Akt, Nrf2, STAT, MAPK, play critical roles neuroprotection body's immune response. This review emphasizes growing body evidence supporting combating neurodegeneration neuroinflammation, well enhancing brain health. Despite substantial promising hypotheses, further research investigations are necessary fully understand role establish them advanced targets age-related neuroinflammatory conditions.

Language: Английский

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Novel Multi-Antioxidant Approach for Ischemic Stroke Therapy Targeting the Role of Oxidative Stress

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 501 - 501

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Stroke is a major contributor to global mortality and disability. While reperfusion essential for preventing neuronal death in the penumbra, it also triggers cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, paradoxical injury primarily caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, blood–brain barrier disruption. An burst inflicts marked cellular damage, ranging from alterations mitochondrial function lipid peroxidation activation of intricate signalling pathways that can even lead cell death. Thus, given pivotal role stress mechanisms reinforcement antioxidant defence system has been proposed as protective approach. Although this strategy proven be successful experimental models, its translation into clinical practice yielded inconsistent results. However, should considered availability numerous molecules with wide range chemical properties affect extent injury; several groups molecules, including polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, among other compounds, mitigate damage intervening multiple at various stages. Multiple trials have previously conducted evaluate these using melatonin, acetyl-L-carnitine, chrysanthemum extract, edaravone dexborneol, saffron, coenzyme Q10, oleoylethanolamide, treatments. Therefore, multi-antioxidant therapy emerges promising novel therapeutic option due potential synergistic effect provided simultaneous roles individual compounds.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases: How Much Do We Still Not Know?

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 19 - 19

Published: Dec. 23, 2023

The term “neuroinflammation” defines the typical inflammatory response of brain closely related to onset many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Neuroinflammation is well known, but its mechanisms and pathways are not entirely comprehended. Some progresses have been achieved through efforts research. Consequently, new cellular molecular mechanisms, diverse conventional, emerging. In listing some those that will be subject our description discussion, essential important roles peripheral infiltrated monocytes clonotypic cells, alterations in gut–brain axis, dysregulation apelinergic system, endothelial glycocalyx component neuronal vascular units, variations expression genes levels encoding molecules by action microRNAs (miRNAs), or other epigenetic factors distinctive transcriptional factors, as role autophagy, ferroptosis, sex differences, modifications circadian cycle. Such can add significantly understanding complex etiological puzzle neuroinflammation ND. addition, they could represent biomarkers targets ND, which increasing elderly.

Language: Английский

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Identification of molecular targets of Hypericum perforatum in blood for major depressive disorder: a machine-learning pharmacological study

Chinese Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide. Hypericum perforatum (HP) a traditional herb that has been shown to have antidepressant effects, but its mechanism unclear. This study aims identify molecular targets HP for treatment MDD.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking the Neuroprotective Potential of Silymarin: A Promising Ally in Safeguarding the Brain from Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurological Disorders

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease: Rouge of brain kinases

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 224, P. 111296 - 111296

Published: March 10, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the chief cause of dementia and related mortality worldwide due to progressive accumulation amyloid peptide (Aβ) hyperphosphorylated tau protein. These neuropathological changes lead cognitive impairment memory dysfunction. Notably, most Food drug Administration (FDA) approved anti-AD medications such as tacrine donepezil are engaged with symptomatic relief but do not reverse underlying AD neuropathology. Therefore, searching for new advisable. It has been shown that inflammatory signaling pathways mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) intricate Aβ neuropathology in AD. In addition, inhibition brain MAPK plays a critical role mitigating dysfunction early-onset Though, fundamental mechanisms beneficial effects inhibitors were fully explained. this review aims discuss potential molecular

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria-targeting peptide SS-31 attenuates ferroptosis via inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the hippocampus of epileptic rats

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1836, P. 148882 - 148882

Published: March 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Characterizing Chemokine Signaling Pathways and Hub Genes in Calcium Oxalate-Induced Kidney Stone Formation: Insights from Rodent Models

Biochemical Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

The predominant component of kidney stone is calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), a fact widely acknowledged. Although rodent models are frequently used to induce (CaOx) crystallization, further exploration Randall's plaques (RPs) in these still needed. We first selected the GSE89028 and GSE75542 datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database identify commonly differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs). Based on co-DEGs, we conducted Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) analyses significantly enriched pathways. Additionally, performed Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) validate In order hub genes, established network protein–protein interactions (PPI). Finally, real-time PCR Western blot findings bioinformatics analysis. 28 co-DEGs two datasets. enrichment analysis using GO, KEGG, GSEA revealed significant chemokine-related signaling histogram showed that three chemokine factor-related were involved multiple Cytohubba confirm presence genes. Subsequently, external quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated upregulation CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2 HK-2 cells following CaOx treatment compared control group (p < 0.05). Our study upon stimulation by CaOx, renal tubular epithelial release chemokines, including CXCL2. This chemokines accompanied activation pathways such as TNF IL-17. These may provide new directions for future research Kidney Stone Disease.

Language: Английский

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Indicaxanthin prevents eryptosis induced by cigarette smoke extract by interfering with active Fas‐mediated signaling

BioFactors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(5), P. 997 - 1008

Published: March 23, 2024

Abstract A physiological mechanism of programmed cell death called eryptosis occurs in aged or damaged red blood cells (RBCs). Dysregulated contributes to abnormal microcirculation and prothrombotic risk. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induces a p38 MAPK‐initiated, Fas‐mediated eryptosis, activating the death‐inducing signaling complex (DISC). Indicaxanthin (Ind) from cactus pear fruits, is bioavailable dietary phytochemical humans it able incorporate into RBCs enhancing their defense against numerous stimuli. This vitro work shows that Ind, at concentrations mimic plasma after fruit meal, protects erythrocytes CSE‐induced eryptosis. CSE commercial cigarettes was prepared aqueous solution using an impinger air sampler nicotine content determined. were treated with for 3 h absence presence increasing Ind (from 1 5 μM). Cytofluorimetric measurements indicated reduced phosphatidylserine externalization ceramide formation concentration‐dependent manner. Confocal microscopy visualization coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed prevented both CSE‐triggered Fas aggregation FasL/FADD/caspase 8 recruitment membrane, indicating inhibition DISC assembly. inhibited phosphorylation MAPK, caspase‐8/caspase‐3 cleavage, caspase‐3 activity induced by CSE. Finally, ATP depletion restored aminophospholipid translocase impaired treatment. In conclusion, comparable nutritionally relevant concentrations, can prevent RBC CSE, which suggests intake fruits may limit deleterious effects cigarette smoking.

Language: Английский

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