Irisin: A Multifaceted Hormone Bridging Exercise and Disease Pathophysiology DOI Open Access
Ilaria Paoletti, Roberto Coccurello

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(24), P. 13480 - 13480

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

The fibronectin domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), or irisin, is an adipo-myokine hormone produced during exercise, which shows therapeutic potential for conditions like metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review explores its across various pathophysiological processes that are often considered independent. Elevated in healthy states but reduced irisin improves muscle–adipose communication, insulin sensitivity, balance by enhancing mitochondrial function reducing oxidative stress. It promotes osteogenesis mitigates bone loss osteoporosis sarcopenia. Irisin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects inhibiting NF-κB signaling countering resistance. In the brain, it reduces amyloid-β toxicity, inflammation, stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, cognition synaptic health AD models. also regulates dopamine pathways, potentially alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms depression apathy. By linking physical activity to systemic health, emphasizes role muscle–bone–brain axis. Its multifaceted benefits highlight as a target related with applications prevention, treatment, complement exercise strategies.

Language: Английский

The Crucial Role of the Blood–Brain Barrier in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms of Disruption and Therapeutic Implications DOI Open Access
Sehwan Kim, Un Ju Jung, Sang Ryong Kim

et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 386 - 386

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial structure that maintains brain homeostasis by regulating the entry of molecules and cells from bloodstream into central nervous system (CNS). Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Parkinson's disease, well ischemic stroke, compromise integrity BBB. This leads to increased permeability infiltration harmful substances, thereby accelerating neurodegeneration. In this review, we explore mechanisms underlying BBB disruption, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, loss tight junction integrity, in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss how breakdown contributes neurotoxicity, abnormal accumulation pathological proteins, all which exacerbate neuronal damage facilitate disease progression. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving or restoring function, anti-inflammatory treatments, antioxidant therapies, approaches enhance integrity. Given role neurodegeneration, maintaining its represents promising approach slow prevent progression

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Insulin-like Growth Factor Family as a Potential Peripheral Biomarker in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review DOI Open Access
Carlos Fernández-Pereira, Roberto Carlos Agís‐Balboa

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2561 - 2561

Published: March 12, 2025

Psychiatric disorders (PDs), including schizophrenia (SZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar (BD), autism spectrum (ASD), among other disorders, represent a significant global health burden. Despite advancements in understanding their biological mechanisms, there is still no reliable objective and biomarker; therefore, diagnosis remains largely reliant on subjective clinical assessments. Peripheral biomarkers plasma or serum are interesting due to accessibility, low cost, potential reflect central nervous system processes. Among these, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family, IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), has gained attention for its roles neuroplasticity, cognition, neuroprotection, as well capability cross blood–brain barrier. This review evaluates evidence IGF family alterations PDs, with special focus SZ, MDD, BD, while also addressing PDs covering almost 40 years of history. In SZ patients, IGF-1 have been linked metabolic dysregulation, treatment response, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction. MDD appears compensate impaired neurogenesis, although findings inconsistent. Emerging studies IGF-2 IGFBPs suggest across PDs. While promising, heterogeneity methodological limitations highlights need further research validate IGFs psychiatric biomarkers.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Multi-cohort cerebrospinal fluid proteomics identifies robust molecular signatures across the Alzheimer disease continuum DOI Creative Commons
Muhammad Ali, Jigyasha Timsina, Daniel Western

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Changes in β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (T) brain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) precede Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms, making the CSF proteome a potential avenue to understand pathophysiology facilitate reliable diagnostics therapies. Using AT framework three-stage study design (discovery, replication, meta-analysis), we identified 2,173 analytes (2,029 unique proteins) dysregulated AD. Of these, 865 (43%) were previously reported, 1,164 (57%) are novel. The proteins cluster four different pseudo-trajectories groups spanning AD continuum enriched pathways including neuronal death, apoptosis, phosphorylation (early stages), microglia dysregulation endolysosomal dysfunction (mid plasticity longevity microglia-neuron crosstalk (late stages). machine learning, created validated highly accurate replicable (area under curve [AUC] > 0.90) models that predict biomarker positivity clinical status. These can also identify people will convert

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Network pharmacology approach to unravel the neuroprotective potential of natural products: a narrative review DOI
Pankaj Kumar Singh, Maheshkumar R. Borkar, Gaurav Doshi

et al.

Molecular Diversity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 25, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The signaling landscape of insulin-like growth factor 1 DOI Creative Commons
Muhammad Zahid Khan, José L. Zugaza, Ignácio Torres‐Aleman

et al.

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108047 - 108047

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Role of Exercise on Neuropathic Pain in Preclinical Models: Perspectives for Neuroglia DOI

Chenchen Zhu,

Yili Zheng, Chan Gong

et al.

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Irisin: A Multifaceted Hormone Bridging Exercise and Disease Pathophysiology DOI Open Access
Ilaria Paoletti, Roberto Coccurello

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(24), P. 13480 - 13480

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

The fibronectin domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), or irisin, is an adipo-myokine hormone produced during exercise, which shows therapeutic potential for conditions like metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review explores its across various pathophysiological processes that are often considered independent. Elevated in healthy states but reduced irisin improves muscle–adipose communication, insulin sensitivity, balance by enhancing mitochondrial function reducing oxidative stress. It promotes osteogenesis mitigates bone loss osteoporosis sarcopenia. Irisin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects inhibiting NF-κB signaling countering resistance. In the brain, it reduces amyloid-β toxicity, inflammation, stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, cognition synaptic health AD models. also regulates dopamine pathways, potentially alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms depression apathy. By linking physical activity to systemic health, emphasizes role muscle–bone–brain axis. Its multifaceted benefits highlight as a target related with applications prevention, treatment, complement exercise strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

2