Plant Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of Mitochondrial Health: An Overview of Their Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Apoptotic, and Mitophagic Mechanisms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 380 - 380

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are a diverse group of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and terpenoids, which have been recognised for their critical role in modulating cellular functions. This review provides comprehensive analysis the effects PSMs on mitochondrial health, with particular emphasis therapeutic potential. Emerging evidence shows that these improve function by reducing oxidative stress, promoting biogenesis, regulating key processes such as apoptosis mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction, hallmark many pathologies, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, has shown to benefit from protective PSMs. Recent studies show can dynamics, stabilise membranes, enhance bioenergetics, offering significant promise prevention treatment mitochondrial-related diseases. The molecular mechanisms underlying effects, modulation signalling pathways direct interactions proteins, discussed. integration into strategies is highlighted promising avenue improving efficacy while minimising side commonly associated synthetic drugs. also highlights need future research elucidate specific roles individual synergistic within complex plant matrices, may further optimise utility. Overall, this work valuable insights health potential natural agents targeting dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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IUPHAR Review - Novel therapeutic targets for schizophrenia treatment: a translational perspective

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107690 - 107690

Published: March 1, 2025

Schizophrenia is a severe and debilitating psychiatric disorder that profoundly impacts cognitive, emotional, social functioning. Despite its devastating personal societal toll, current treatments often provide only partial relief, underscoring the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This review explores emerging approaches target complex neurobiological underpinnings of schizophrenia, moving beyond traditional dopamine-centric models. Among these, some novel drugs still employ multimodal mechanisms, simultaneously targeting dopaminergic serotonergic systems to enhance efficacy tolerability. Given well-documented excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in significant efforts have been directed toward addressing NMDA receptor hypofunctionality. However, strategies this pathway yet demonstrate consistent clinical efficacy. In contrast, therapies cholinergic system shown greater promise. For instance, xanomeline-trospium combination, which modulates muscarinic receptors, has recently gained approval, other molecules with similar mechanisms are currently under development. Beyond these approaches, being explored pathways, including neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction. These designed as part combinatorial strategy available antipsychotic drugs. progress, challenges remain translating experimental discoveries into effective applications. Future research should prioritize biomarker-driven precision medicine optimize individualized treatment outcomes. By integrating targets, schizophrenia may evolve more comprehensive personalized approach, disorder's full spectrum symptoms improving patient quality life.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the role of Nrf2 in dopaminergic neurons: a review of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease

Metabolic Brain Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 40(2)

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticle‐Based Therapeutics for Glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment

Advanced Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade 4 primary malignant brain neoplasm with poor prognosis. GBM has an average survival of 12–18 months despite aggressive treatments, such as maximal safe resection, radiation, and chemotherapy temozolomide. always associated high incidences treatment resistance recurrence, which largely driven by glioma stem cells presents significant therapeutic challenges. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) the most obstacle in treating since it restricts delivery agents to tumor site. Recent advancements nanotechnology offer promising alternatives overcome restrictions, enabling targeted drug significantly reducing systemic toxicity. Additionally, discussing various types nanoparticles liposomes, lipid‐based, dendrimers, polymeric, metallic that have shown promise preclinical models for become pertinent. These can attach glioblastoma using antigens membrane receptors site‐directed targeting. Furthermore, potential cross BBB, enhancing minimizing off‐target effects. This review explores latest nanoparticle‐based therapies their revolutionize treatment, particularly through precise targeting controlled release within microenvironment.

Language: Английский

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Update on the correlation between mitochondrial function and osteonecrosis of the femoral head osteocytes

Redox Report, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: April 18, 2025

Mitochondrial health is maintained in a steady state through mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy processes. Recent studies have identified healthy mitochondria as crucial regulators of cellular function survival. This process involves adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), regulation calcium metabolism inflammatory responses, intracellular stress management. In the skeletal system, they participate behaviors responses osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes to external stimuli. Indeed, damage or dysfunction occurs development few bone diseases. For example, may lead an imbalance osteoblasts resulting osteoporosis, osteomalacia, poor production, chondrocyte death infiltration osteoarthritis are main causes cartilage degeneration due damage. However, opposite exists for osteosarcoma, where overactive able accelerate proliferation migration osteosarcoma cells, which major disease feature. Bone dynamic organ play fundamental role all regions tissue involved regulating integrity. review examines impact physiological on osteocyte summarizes microscopic molecular mechanisms underlying its effects. It highlights that targeted therapies focusing be beneficial survival, providing new insight diagnosis, prevention, treatment diseases associated with death.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Protective Effects of Black Goji Berry Anthocyanins in Caenorhabditis elegans: Defenses Against Oxidative Stress

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105721 - 105721

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Extraction, Detection, Bioactivity, and Product Development of Luteolin: A Review

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(24), P. e41068 - e41068

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Luteolin is a kind of natural flavonoid, widely existing in variety plants, has been revealed to have wide range biological activities. In recent years, the research results luteolin are abundant. Here we review latest order provide new ideas for further and development luteolin. this paper, focus search was published between 2010 2024 on extraction determination luteolin, activities, application products. A comprehensive using keyword "luteolin" conducted PubMed, Web Science WIPO databases. Through collection related literature, paper summarized techniques including immersion extraction, solvent ultrasonic-assisted supercritical fluid so on. The methods include: thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), electrochemical method (ED) addition, activities antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, analgesic on, were described. And as main component product being gradually developed, used field food, medicine cosmetics. This provides reference study

Language: Английский

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