The Neuroprotective Effect of Irisin in Ischemic Stroke

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 22, 2020

Irisin is a PGC-1α-dependent myokine that causes increased energy expenditure by driving the development of white adipose tissue into brown fat-like tissue. Exercise can improve irisin levels and lead to its release blood. In ischemic stroke, neurons are always sensitive supply; after series pathophysiological processes, reactive oxygen species detrimental cell survival via mitochondrial dysfunction generated in large quantities. As protein associated with exercise, alleviate brain injury pathogenesis stroke. It thought upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which protects nerve cells from during Furthermore, blood exercise influences dynamics crucial maintaining normal function cells. Consequently, we intended summarize known effects

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria Homeostasis and Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Skeletal Muscle—Do Myokines Play a Role?

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 179 - 179

Published: Jan. 27, 2021

Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouses that generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to substantiate various biochemical activities. Instead of being a static intracellular structure, they dynamic organelles perform constant structural and functional remodeling in response different metabolic stresses. In situations require high ATP supply, new mitochondria assembled (mitochondrial biogenesis) or formed by fusing existing fusion) maximize oxidative capacity. On other hand, nutrient overload may produce detrimental metabolites such as reactive species (ROS) wreck organelle, leading split damaged (mitofission) for clearance (mitophagy). These vital processes tightly regulated sophisticated quality control system involving energy sensing, membrane interaction, autophagy, proteasomal degradation optimize number healthy mitochondria. The effective mitochondrial surveillance is particularly important skeletal muscle fitness because its large tissue mass well activities supporting intensive myofiber contractility. Indeed, failure associated with diseases insulin resistance, aging, wasting. While dynamics cells believed be intrinsically controlled content availability, upstream regulators hormonal signals from distal organs factors generated itself also play critical role. It now clear actively participates systemic homeostasis via producing hundreds myokines. Acting either autocrine/paracrine circulating hormones crosstalk organs, these secretory myokines regulate physiological including sensitivity, fuel utilization, cell differentiation, appetite behavior. this article, we will review mechanism ROS balance, discuss their translational potential.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs as regulators of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis: pathogenesis and diagnostic potential

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Sepsis, a life-threatening condition arising from an uncontrolled immune response to infection, can lead organ dysfunction, with severe inflammation potentially causing multiple failures. Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction (SIMD) is common and complication of sepsis, significantly increasing patient mortality. Understanding the pathogenesis SIMD crucial for improving treatment, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators in this process. A comprehensive literature search was conducted PubMed, Science Direct, Embase databases up September 2024. The terms included ["miRNA" or "microRNA"] ["Cardiac" "Heart"] ["Sepsis" "Septic"], language limited English. After initial filtering by database engine, Excel software used further screen references. Duplicate articles, those without abstracts full texts, review/meta-analyses non-English articles were excluded. Finally, 106 relevant research data extraction analysis. complex involves mitochondrial oxidative stress, cardiomyocyte apoptosis pyroptosis, dysregulation myocardial calcium homeostasis, inhibitory factors, autonomic nervous regulation disorders, hemodynamic changes, structural alterations. miRNAs play diverse roles SIMD. They are involved regulating above-mentioned pathological processes. Although significant progress has been made understanding role SIMD, there still challenges. Some studies on limitations such small sample sizes failure account confounding factors. Research also faces issues like inconsistent measurement techniques unclear miRNA-target gene relationships. Moreover, translation miRNA-based into clinical applications hindered problems related miRNA stability, delivery mechanisms, off-target effects, long-term safety. In conclusion, potential diagnostic biomarkers. Further needed overcome existing challenges fully exploit diagnosis treatment

Language: Английский

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From Skeletal Muscle to Myocardium: Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Irisin Regulation of Cardiac Fibrosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3550 - 3550

Published: April 10, 2025

This study systematically elucidates the regulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic value of exercise-induced hormone Irisin in pathological progression cardiac fibrosis. Through comprehensive analysis multidimensional data integration, we constructed a complete network within cardiovascular system, spanning its secretion, signal transduction, precise control. Our findings demonstrate that exercise intervention significantly elevates circulating levels via skeletal muscle-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)-fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) signaling axis. establishes molecular barrier against fibrosis by targeting Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) activation, inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad3 pathway, modulating transcriptional activity mitochondrial biogenesis core factors PGC-1α nuclear respiratory factor (NRF-1). Moreover, dual mechanism exercise-skeletal muscle-heart axis not only effectively suppresses aberrant activation fibroblasts but also reduces collagen deposition, oxidative stress, inflammatory infiltration restoring dynamics balance. Taken together, this reveals novel exercise-mediated cardioprotective at interaction level, thereby providing theoretical basis for development non-pharmacological bio-intervention strategies pathway laying translational foundation prescriptions diseases.

Language: Английский

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Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 42(9), P. 1390 - 1400

Published: Nov. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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