Genes, Pathways, and Mechanisms Involved in the Virulence of Mucorales

Genes, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 317 - 317

Published: March 16, 2020

The order Mucorales is a group of ancient fungi with limited tools for gene manipulation. main consequence this manipulation unwillingness the knowledge about its biology compared to other fungal groups. However, emerging mucormycosis, infection caused by Mucorales, attracting medical spotlight in recent years because treatments available are not efficient reducing high mortality associated disease. result renewed interest and mucormycosis an extraordinarily productive effort unveil their secrets during last decade. In review, we describe most compelling advances related genetic study virulence factors, pathways, molecular mechanisms developed these years. use few models has allowed characterization factors that were previously described pathogens, such as uptake iron systems, dimorphism, azole resistances. More importantly, studies identifying new genes controlling pathogenic potential interactions host, offering alternatives develop specific strategies against mucormycosis.

Language: Английский

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A Vaccine Construction against COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis Contrived with Immunoinformatics-Based Scavenging of Potential Mucoralean Epitopes

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 664 - 664

Published: April 22, 2022

Mucormycosis is a group of infections, caused by multiple fungal species, which affect many human organs and lethal in immunocompromised patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, current wave mucormycosis challenge to medical professionals as its effects are multiplied because severity infection. The variant concern, Omicron, has been linked fatal infections US Asia. Consequently, postdiagnostic treatments have rendered unsatisfactory. In this hour need, preinfection cure needed that may prevent individuals. This study proposes potential vaccine construct targeting mucor rhizopus species responsible for providing immunoprotection construct, with an antigenicity score 0.75 covering, on average, 92-98% world population, was designed using immunoinformatics approach. Molecular interactions major histocompatibility complex-1 (MHC-I), Toll-like receptors-2 (TLR2), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), scores -896.0, -948.4, -925.0, respectively, demonstrated bind immune receptors. It elicited strong predicted innate adaptive response form helper T (Th) cells, cytotoxic (TC) B natural killer (NK) macrophages. cloned pBR322 vector showed positive amplification, further solidifying stability potential. proposed holds promising approach first step towards antimucormycosis contribute minimizing burdens failures.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis and Pathology of COVID-Associated Mucormycosis: What Is New and Why

Current Fungal Infection Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 206 - 220

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Mucorales and Mucormycosis: Recent Insights and Future Prospects

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 335 - 335

Published: March 9, 2023

The classification of Mucorales encompasses a collection basal fungi that have traditionally demonstrated an aversion to modern genetic manipulation techniques. This led scarcity knowledge regarding their biology compared other fungal groups. However, the emergence mucormycosis, disease caused by Mucorales, has attracted attention clinical field, mainly because available therapies are ineffective for decreasing fatal outcome associated with disease. revitalized curiosity about and also encouraged recent COVID-19 pandemic, spurred significant productive effort uncover mysteries in years. Here, we elaborate on most remarkable breakthroughs related recently discovered advances mucormycosis. utilization few study models enabled identification virulence factors were previously described pathogens. More notably, investigations identified novel genes mechanisms controlling pathogenic potential interactions host, providing fresh avenues devise new strategies against Finally, allowing studies hampered predicting prolific future field.

Language: Английский

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Mucormycosis Amid COVID-19 Crisis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Novel Treatment Strategies to Combat the Spread

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

The havoc unleashed by COVID-19 pandemic has paved way for secondary ominous fungal infections like Mucormycosis. It is caused a class of opportunistic pathogens from the order Mucorales. Fatality rates due to this contagious infection are extremely high. Numerous clinical manifestations result in damage multiple organs subject patient's underlying condition. Lack proper detection method and reliable treatment made management troublesome. Several reports studying behavior pattern Mucorales inside host modulation its defense mechanisms have helped understanding pathogenesis angio-invasive infection. Many recent advances diagnosis not been much beneficial. Therefore, there need foster more viable strategies. This article summarizes current imminent approaches that could aid effective these times global pandemic. foreseen development newer antifungal drugs, antimicrobial peptides, nanotechnology-based drug delivery would help combat curb spread.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiology, Modern Diagnostics, and the Management of Mucorales Infections

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 659 - 659

Published: June 12, 2023

Mucormycosis is an uncommon, yet deadly invasive fungal infection caused by the Mucorales moulds. These pathogens are a WHO-assigned high-priority pathogen group, as mucormycosis incidence increasing, and there unacceptably high mortality with current antifungal therapies. Current diagnostic methods have inadequate sensitivity specificity may issues accessibility or turnaround time. Patients diabetes mellitus immune compromise predisposed to these environmental fungi, but COVID-19 has established itself new risk factor. also cause healthcare-associated outbreaks, clusters associated natural disasters been identified. Robust epidemiological surveillance into burden of disease, at-risk populations, emerging required. Emerging serological molecular techniques offer faster route diagnosis, while newly developed agents show promise in preliminary studies. Equitable access therapies will be key identifying treating mucormycosis, delayed initiation therapy higher mortality.

Language: Английский

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A case report of rhino-facial mucormycosis in a non-diabetic patient with COVID-19: a systematic review of literature and current update

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Sept. 3, 2021

Abstract Background COVID-19 disease may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal infections. We report patient infection who developed rhino-facial mucormycosis during treatment corticosteroids. Case presentation A 59-year-old non-diabetic male was admitted diagnosis based on positive RT-PCR CT the lungs. Due to sever lung involvement, he treated methylprednisolone. The re-admitted hospital, due nasal obstruction left side facial orbital swelling, several days after discharge. In sinus endoscopic surgery, debridement performed specimens were sent pathology mycology laboratories. biopsy showed hyphae without septa. sequenced PCR product revealed Rhizopus oryzae . Despite all medical surgical treatment, died. addition, characteristics patients COVID-19-associated reviewed in 44 available literatures. most studies, diabetes mellitus common predisposing factor for mucormycosis. Conclusion Our highlights need assessing presence also it shows that physicians should consider potential secondary invasive infections cases.

Language: Английский

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Mucormycosis and COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis: Insights of a Deadly but Neglected Mycosis

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 445 - 445

Published: April 25, 2022

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has quickly become a health threat worldwide, with high mortality and morbidity among patients comorbidities. This viral infection promotes the perfect setting in for development of opportunistic infections, such as those caused by fungi. Mucormycosis, rare but deadly fungal infection, recently increased its incidence, especially endemic areas, since onset pandemic. COVID-19-associated mucormycosis is an important complication because it mycosis hard to diagnose treat, causing concern COVID-19-infected even already recovered population. risk factors these are related damage SARS-CoV-2 itself, patient’s overstimulated immune response, therapy used treat COVID-19, alterations hyperglycemia, acidosis, endothelial lung damage, immunosuppression. In this review, molecular aspects main explained understand virus–fungi–host interaction highlight importance neglected mycosis.

Language: Английский

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The potential for rapid antigen testing for mucormycosis in the context of COVID-19

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 161 - 167

Published: July 5, 2023

ABSTRACTABSTRACTIntroduction Mucormycosis is a highly aggressive angio-invasive disease of humans caused by Mucorales fungi. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, mucormycosis was rare mycosis typically seen in immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies or transplant recipients. During second wave there dramatic increase disease, especially India where unique set circumstances led large numbers life-threatening and disfiguring rhino-orbital-cerebral (ROCM) infections.Areas covered The review examines as super-infection patients, risk factors for COVID-19-associated (CAM) that drove ROCM epidemic India. limitations current diagnostic procedures are identified, measures needed improve speed accuracy detection discussed.Expert opinion Despite improved recognition, global healthcare systems remain unprepared further outbreaks ROCM. Current diagnosis slow inaccurate, negatively impacting on patient survival. This most evident low- middle-income countries which lack suitably equipped facilities rapid identification infecting pathogens. Rapid antigen testing using point-of-care lateral-flow assays could potentially have aided quick accurate allowing earlier intervention surgery Mucorales-active antifungal drugs.KEYWORDS: MucoralesRhino-orbital-cerebral (ROCM)COVID-19-associated (CAM)rapid testPoint-of-care test (POCT)lateral-flow technologyDisclaimerAs service authors researchers we providing this version an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, resulting proofs will be undertaken before final publication Version Record (VoR). production pre-press, errors may discovered affect content, all legal disclaimers apply journal relate these versions also. Article HighlightsMucormycosis second-most common mold after invasive aspergillosis, infections patients.The pandemic saw uncontrolled diabetes indiscriminate use corticosteroids contributed infections.The paucity rapid, sensitive tests countries, high rates mortality morbidity (CAM).Rapid technology enabled resource-limited settings.A incorporates monoclonal antibody specific Rhizopus arrhizus, principal agent ROCM, has been developed rapidly deployed POCT disease.Declaration interestThe author affiliated ISCA Diagnostics Limited.The Potential Antigen Testing Context COVID-19All authorsChristopher R. Thornton https://doi.org/10.1080/14737159.2023.2233906Published online:05 July 2023Figure 1. Clinical manifestations infection Following inhalation air-borne sporangiospores released from sporangia (blue structures), rapidly-progressive paranasal sinuses hyphae can lead (ROCM). categorised as: localised sinus, orbital, cerebral, sino-orbital, sino-cerebral, rhino-cerebral generalised Inhalation spores into lungs result deep extension (infections involve lungs, chest wall, heart, artery aorta) pulmonary mucormycosis, while necrotising cutaneous traumatic implant infective propagules skin disseminated liver, spleen, other organs following hematogenous spread fungi sites infection. Image courtesy Shutterstock.Display full sizeFigure Shutterstock.Additional informationFundingThis paper not funded.

Language: Английский

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Development of a monoclonal antibody and a lateral-flow device for the rapid detection of a Mucorales-specific biomarker

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Mucoromycosis is a highly aggressive angio-invasive disease of humans caused by fungi in the zygomycete order, Mucorales. While Rhizopus arrhizus principal agent mucoromycosis, other Mucorales including Apophysomyces , Cunninghamella Lichtheimia Mucor Rhizomucor and Syncephalastrum are able to cause life-threatening rhino-orbital-cerebral, pulmonary, gastro-intestinal necrotising cutaneous infections humans. Diagnosis currently relies on non-specific CT, lengthy insensitive culture from invasive biopsy, time-consuming histopathology tissue samples. At present, there no rapid antigen tests that detect Mucorales-specific biomarkers infection, which allow point-of-care diagnosis mucoromycosis. Here, we report development an IgG2b monoclonal antibody (mAb), TG11, binds extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) antigens between 20 kDa 250 secreted during hyphal growth fungi. The mAb does not cross-react with yeasts molds clinical importance Aspergillus Candida Cryptococcus Fusarium Lomentospora Scedosporium species. Using mAb, have developed Competitive lateral-flow device allows (30 min) detection EPS biomarker human serum bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), limit (LOD) ~100 ng/mL (~224.7 pmol/L serum). LFD therefore provides potential novel opportunity for mucoromycosis different

Language: Английский

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