Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Reward

The Cerebellum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 2169 - 2192

Published: May 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Cerebellar Roles in Motor and Social Functions and Implications for ASD

The Cerebellum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 2564 - 2574

Published: July 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Continuous theta burst stimulation to the medial posterior cerebellum impairs reversal learning in healthy volunteers

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cerebellar Purkinje cell stripe patterns reveal a differential vulnerability and resistance to cell loss during normal aging in mice

Published: May 21, 2025

Abstract Age-related neurodegenerative diseases involve reduced cell numbers and impaired behavioral capacity. Neurodegeneration deficits also occur during aging, notably in the absence of disease. The cerebellum, which modulates movement cognition, is susceptible to loss both aging Here, we demonstrate that cerebellar Purkinje aged mice not spatially random but rather occurs a pattern parasagittal stripes. We find exhibit motor coordination more severe tremor compared younger mice. However, relationship between patterned dysfunction straightforward. Examination postmortem samples human cerebella from neurologically typical individuals supports presence selective cells aging. These data reveal spatiotemporal cellular substrate for cerebellum may inform about how neuronal vulnerability leads neurodegeneration ensuing deterioration behavior.

Language: Английский

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Cerebellar Purkinje cell stripe patterns reveal a differential vulnerability and resistance to cell loss during normal aging in mice

Published: May 21, 2025

Abstract Age-related neurodegenerative diseases involve reduced cell numbers and impaired behavioral capacity. Neurodegeneration deficits also occur during aging, notably in the absence of disease. The cerebellum, which modulates movement cognition, is susceptible to loss both aging Here, we demonstrate that cerebellar Purkinje aged mice not spatially random but rather occurs a pattern parasagittal stripes. We find exhibit motor coordination more severe tremor compared younger mice. However, relationship between patterned dysfunction straightforward. Examination postmortem samples human cerebella from neurologically typical individuals supports presence selective cells aging. These data reveal spatiotemporal cellular substrate for cerebellum may inform about how neuronal vulnerability leads neurodegeneration ensuing deterioration behavior.

Language: Английский

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Impaired reinforcement learning and coding of prediction errors in patients with cerebellar degeneration - a study with EEG and voxel-based morphometry

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 28, 2025

Abstract This study investigated cerebellar involvement in reinforcement learning and prediction error (RL-PE) processing. Participants with pure degeneration demographically matched healthy controls performed a probabilistic feedback-based task while brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Structural magnetic resonance imaging used to quantify gray matter volume (GMV). Data from 21 25 control participants were included the analysis. We aimed determine if impaired patients relative controls, single-trial RL-PEs reflected FRN, P3a, P3b event-related potential (ERP) controls. Analysis of behavioral data revealed no differences accuracy between Crucially, ERP analysis that, coding found FRN P3a for positive negative feedback, these effects absent patients. Voxel-based morphometry widely distributed GMV reduction patients, most pronounced bilateral Crus I/ II lobules I-IV. Multiple regressions correlation I amplitudes. The present extends previous evidence RL-PE processing humans advances our understanding cerebellum’s role performance monitoring adaptive behavior.

Language: Английский

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The cerebellum contributes to prediction error coding in reinforcement learning - complementary evidence from stroke patients and from cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation

Published: May 22, 2024

To survive and thrive in our ever-changing environment, we need to be able predict the consequences of actions. We update these predictions by learning through trial error, associated prediction errors (PEs). Recent rodent data suggest that cerebellum – a region typically with processing sensory PEs supervised error-based also processes reinforcement (RL-PEs; i.e., from action outcomes). A proxy outcome regions traditionally RL-PE coding, such as striatum anterior cingulate cortex, can measured component feedback-locked event-related potential (ERP), feedback-related negativity (FRN). tested hypothesis cerebellar output is necessary for this coding FRN probabilistic feedback task. In case, altered should result changes FRN. Two complementary experiments were performed. First, patients chronic stroke tested. Second, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied healthy participants, thus implementing virtual lesion approach. Different controls control (vertex) TMS, no significant observed stroke, participants receiving TMS. Only minor deficits behavioural flexibility found, success preserved, possibly due compensation other brain areas within network. Findings both show frontal depends on output. Our results provide evidence involvement RL-PEs humans, complementing extending previous findings rodents.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of the ameliorative potency of spirulina platensis against cerebellar damage induced by methotrexate in male rats: histopathological, ultrastructural, molecular, and biochemical studies

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Abstract Background Methotrexate (MTX), a drug utilized in cancer and rheumatoid arthritis treatment, is associated with acute chronic neurodegenerative alterations. Spirulina platensis (SP) has several important phytochemical substances that act as free radical scavengers or natural antioxidants. The current study investigated the possible effects of blue-green alga on cerebellar damage male rats exposed to methotrexate. Forty (40) adult albino were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10) treated for one week: GI, control group; GII was orally given 1000 mg SP/kg/daily, GIII single intraperitoneal injection MTX 75 mg/kg at first day, continued under normal condition without other treatment till end experiment, GIV received both SP together same previous doses duration. Neurobehavioral, histopathological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, molecular, biochemical data recorded. Results caused severe degeneration 3 cortical layers, especially Purkinje layer. layer displayed disrupted monolayer arrangement pyknotic nuclei, significant decrease cell number, shrunken cells surrounded by empty spaces. molecular granular layers are degenerated elevated immunoreactions gene expression glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP) , ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 Iba-1) neurofilament light chain antibody NFL) . Moreover, significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) myeloperoxidase (MPO) while decreasing levels reduced glutathione (GSH), serotonin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), norepinephrine, dopamine. These insults noticeably mitigated concomitant spirulina. Conclusion improves neurological function modulating elicited MTX. This improvement may be attributed anti-inflammatory antioxidant properties

Language: Английский

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