Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 694 - 704
Published: Nov. 29, 2024
Numerous
Ascomycete
fungi
produce
toxic,
low-molecular-weight
secondary
metabolites
known
as
mycotoxins.
Mycotoxin
contamination
poses
a
global
challenge
to
food
safety,
and
growing
regulatory
expectations
regarding
the
presence
of
mycotoxins
in
various
products
have
spurred
increased
research
into
detecting
these
toxins
animal
feed.
has
been
reported
many
significant
spices,
including
chillies.
However,
most
focused
on
aflatoxins
primary
contaminants,
highlighting
need
investigate
other
lesser-studied
mycotoxins,
such
citrinin
patulin.
Consequently,
current
study
aimed
screen
for
fungal
locally
available
red
chilli
varieties
detect
Random
samples
were
collected
isolate
identify
responsible
producing
High-performance
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC)
techniques
Fourier
transform
infrared
(FTIR)
spectroscopy
employed
analyze
extracted
qualitatively.
Morphological
molecular
characterization
through
18S
rRNA
sequencing
isolated
confirmed
Aspergillus
niger
chilli.
HPLC
FTIR
analyses
occurrence
citrinin.
Very
few
studies
production
Citrinin
by
A.
Further
is
necessary
conduct
quantitative
assess
effects
human
health.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
72(7), P. 3314 - 3324
Published: Feb. 8, 2024
Fusarium
species
produce
a
secondary
metabolite
known
as
T-2
toxin,
which
is
the
primary
and
most
harmful
toxin
found
in
type
A
trichothecenes.
widely
food
grain-based
animal
feed
endangers
health
of
both
humans
animals.
exposure
animals
occurs
primarily
through
administration;
therefore,
first
organ
that
targets
gut.
In
this
overview,
research
progress,
toxicity
mechanism,
detoxification
were
reviewed,
future
directions
proposed.
damages
intestinal
mucosa
destroys
structure
barrier
function;
furthermore,
disrupts
microbiota,
causes
flora
disorders,
affects
normal
metabolic
function,
kills
epidermal
cells
by
inducing
oxidative
stress,
inflammatory
responses,
apoptosis.
The
mechanism
intestine
stress.
Currently,
selenium
plant
extracts
are
mainly
used
to
exert
antioxidant
effects
alleviate
enterotoxicity
toxin.
studies,
use
genomic
techniques
find
upstream
signaling
molecules
associated
with
enterotoxin
will
provide
new
ideas
for
prevention
toxicity.
purpose
paper
review
progress
on
propose
treatment
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 27, 2025
T-2
toxin
is
a
highly
toxic
fungal
that
threatens
humans
and
animals'
health.
As
major
detoxifying
metabolic
organ,
the
kidney
also
target
of
toxin.
This
article
reviews
nephrotoxicity
research
progress,
covering
renal
structure
function
damage,
mechanisms,
detoxification
methods
to
future
directions.
damages
structure,
causing
dysfunction.
The
mechanism
involves
multiple
factors
including
oxidative
stress,
endoplasmic
reticulum
mitophagy,
inflammatory
responses,
apoptosis,
which
are
intertwined
interdependent.
Current
strategies
mainly
involve
reducing
in
feedstuff
using
antioxidant
substances,
but
both
have
limits.
Future
should
focus
on
cells
sensitivity
toxin,
exploring
key
molecules
toxin's
nephrotoxicity,
injury's
impact
other
organs,
better
methods.
review
aims
guide
underpin
toxin-induced
prevention
treatment.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 6, 2025
The
T-2
toxin,
originating
from
a
Fusarium
species,
is
mycotoxin
that
can
adversely
affect
animal
health.
Melatonin
(MT)
natural
hormone
recognized
for
its
properties
reduce
inflammation
and
act
as
an
antioxidant.
However,
MT's
capacity
to
alleviate
intestinal
harm
toxin
remains
incompletely
explored.
Employing
postweaning
piglets,
this
research
investigates
prophylactic
impact
on
toxin-induced
enterotoxicity.
results
indicate
MT
improved
growth
performance
in
piglets
exposed
toxins
while
also
enhancing
barrier
function.
Such
effects
probably
stem
ability
colonic
oxidative
stress
inflammation.
Further
findings
suggest
these
changes
are
closely
associated
with
MT-induced
remodeling
of
microbiota
increase
short-chain
fatty
acid
(SCFA)
levels
the
intestine.
therefore
alleviates
damage;
gut
key
process.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 2, 2025
Trichothecenes
(TCNs),
Fusarium-derived
mycotoxins
exemplified
by
deoxynivalenol
and
T-2
toxin,
threaten
global
health
through
multisystem
toxicity
widespread
contamination.
Natural
phenolic
compounds
(NPCs),
leveraging
their
intrinsic
safety
natural
abundance,
demonstrate
multimechanistic
efficacy
in
counteracting
TCN
toxicity.
This
article
reviews
both
domestic
international
research
on
the
protective
mechanisms
of
NPCs
against
TCN-induced
exert
effects
multitiered
mechanisms:
(1)
molecular
regulation
via
Nrf2-centric
antioxidant
activation
MAPK/NF-κB
inflammatory
axis
suppression,
coupled
with
coordinated
inhibition
programmed
cell
death
pathways
(apoptosis/ferroptosis/pyroptosis)
autophagy
modulation,
where
GPX4
emerges
as
a
critical
ferroptosis
regulator;
(2)
restoring
microbiome
balance,
enhancing
intestinal
barrier
function,
optimizing
nutrient
transport.
Gut
microflora
may
also
serve
an
additional
target
for
mitigating
TCNs.
further
inhibit
Fusarium
proliferation
mycotoxin
biosynthesis.
While
there
is
demonstrated
potential
food
sustainable
feed
development,
challenges
persist
bioavailability
optimization,
pharmacokinetic
profiling,
microbiota-metabolite
crosstalk.
analysis
advances
NPC-based
strategies
detoxification
agriculture.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(23), P. 5491 - 5491
Published: Nov. 21, 2024
T-2
toxin,
a
highly
toxic
type
A
trichothecene,
is
secondary
fungal
metabolite
produced
by
various
Fusarium
species.
The
consumption
of
food
and
feed
contaminated
with
toxin
major
factor
contributing
to
growth
retardation,
posing
significant
risks
both
human
animal
health.
However,
the
specific
targets
mechanisms
that
mitigate
toxin-induced
retardation
remain
unclear.
In
this
study,
transcriptomic
analysis
was
employed
identify
key
differentially
expressed
genes
associated
alleviation
retardation.
Peroxiredoxin
4
(PRDX4),
gene
linked
oxidative
stress
apoptosis,
found
be
one
most
downregulated
in
toxin-treated
GH3
cells,
an
vitro
model
experiments
demonstrated
significantly
increased
reactive
oxygen
species'
production,
cell
cycle
arrest
while
reducing
activity
antioxidant
enzymes
(superoxide
dismutase
glutathione
peroxidase)
PRDX4
expression
cells.
Furthermore,
silencing
exacerbated
whereas
overexpression
effectively
mitigated
these
effects.
These
findings
highlight
protective
role
counteracting
suggesting
can
serve
as
therapeutic
target
for
treatment
E3S Web of Conferences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
548, P. 01017 - 01017
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
This
study
investigated
the
combined
effects
of
deltamethrin
and
T-2
toxin
on
animals,
utilizing
bentonite
as
a
prophylactic
agent.
The
research
was
conducted
white
rats,
which
were
orally
administered
toxins
for
20
consecutive
days.
Subsequently,
clinical,
hematological,
biochemical
parameters
examined
to
assess
impact
animals.
Based
results,
it
has
been
established
that
effect
with
repeated
administration
is
characterized
by
more
severe
hematological
changes
than
separate
exposure
toxicants.
Accompanied
decrease
in
number
leukocytes,
erythrocytes
hemoglobin,
total
protein,
glucose
cholinesterase
activity.
Adding
feed
agent
at
dose
2%
diet
preventive
case
poisoning
T-
2
toxin,
helps
normalize
