Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 3, 2023
An
ischemic
stroke
occurs
when
the
blood
supply
is
obstructed
to
vascular
basin,
causing
death
of
nerve
cells
and
forming
core.
Subsequently,
brain
enters
stage
reconstruction
repair.
The
whole
process
includes
cellular
damage,
inflammatory
reaction,
blood–brain
barrier
destruction,
During
this
process,
proportion
function
neurons,
immune
cells,
glial
endothelial
other
change.
Identifying
potential
differences
in
gene
expression
between
cell
types
or
heterogeneity
same
type
helps
understand
changes
that
occur
context
disease.
recent
emergence
single-cell
sequencing
technology
has
promoted
exploration
diversity
elucidation
molecular
mechanism
stroke,
thus
providing
new
ideas
directions
for
diagnosis
clinical
treatment
stroke.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: July 22, 2024
Abstract
Stroke
is
a
leading
cause
of
mortality
and
long-term
disability
globally,
with
acute
ischemic
stroke
(AIS)
being
the
most
common
subtype.
Despite
significant
advances
in
reperfusion
therapies,
their
limited
time
window
associated
risks
underscore
necessity
for
novel
treatment
strategies.
Stem
cell-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
emerged
as
promising
therapeutic
approach
due
to
ability
modulate
post-stroke
microenvironment
facilitate
neuroprotection
neurorestoration.
This
review
synthesizes
current
research
on
potential
stem
EVs
AIS,
focusing
origin,
biogenesis,
mechanisms
action,
strategies
enhancing
targeting
capacity
efficacy.
Additionally,
we
explore
innovative
combination
therapies
discuss
both
challenges
prospects
EV-based
treatments.
Our
findings
reveal
that
exhibit
diverse
effects
such
promoting
neuronal
survival,
diminishing
neuroinflammation,
protecting
blood-brain
barrier,
angiogenesis
neurogenesis.
Various
strategies,
including
modifications
cargo
modifications,
been
developed
improve
efficacy
EVs.
Combining
other
treatments,
therapy,
cell
transplantation,
nanomedicine,
gut
microbiome
modulation,
holds
great
promise
improving
outcomes.
However,
heterogeneity
need
standardized
protocols
EV
production
quality
control
remain
be
addressed.
represent
avenue
offering
address
limitations
Further
needed
optimize
translate
benefits
clinical
practice,
an
emphasis
ensuring
safety,
overcoming
regulatory
hurdles,
specificity
delivery
target
tissues.
Graphical
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
19
Published: April 7, 2025
Stroke
is
characterized
with
high
morbidity,
mortality
and
disability
all
over
the
world,
one
of
its
core
pathologies
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
dysfunction.
BBB
plays
a
crucial
physiological
role
in
protecting
brain
tissues
maintaining
homeostasis
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
dysfunction
serves
as
key
factor
development
cerebral
edema,
inflammation,
further
neurological
damage
stroke
patients.
Currently,
stem
cells
their
derived
exosomes
have
shown
remarkable
potential
repairing
damaged
improving
function
after
stroke.
Stem
repair
integrity
through
anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant,
angiogenesis
regulation
intercellular
signaling
mechanisms,
while
cell-derived
exosomes,
natural
nanocarriers,
enhance
therapeutic
effect
by
carrying
active
substances
such
proteins,
RNAs
miRNAs.
This
review
will
present
latest
research
advances
treatment,
well
challenges
cell
source,
transplantation
timing,
dosage,
route
administration
clinical
application,
aiming
to
discuss
mechanisms
for
proposes
future
directions.
are
expected
provide
new
strategies
early
diagnosis
precise
treatment
stroke,
promote
breakthroughs
field
Experimental Gerontology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
187, P. 112374 - 112374
Published: Feb. 6, 2024
Ischemic
stroke
and
vascular
dementia,
as
common
cerebrovascular
diseases,
with
the
former
causing
irreversible
neurological
damage
latter
cognitive
memory
impairment,
are
closely
related
have
long
received
widespread
attention.
Currently,
potential
causative
genes
of
these
two
diseases
yet
to
be
investigated,
effective
early
diagnostic
tools
for
not
emerged.
In
this
study,
we
screened
new
biomarkers
analyzed
therapeutic
targets
both
from
perspective
immune
infiltration.
Two
gene
expression
profiles
on
ischemic
dementia
were
obtained
NCBI
GEO
database,
key
identified
by
LASSO
regression
SVM-RFE
algorithms,
GO
KEGG
enrichment.
The
CIBERSORT
algorithm
was
applied
profile
species
quantify
24
subpopulations
cells.
Moreover,
logistic
modeling
analysis
illustrate
stability
in
diagnosis.
Finally,
validated
using
RT-PCR
assay.
A
total
105
intersecting
DEGs
2
sets
datasets,
bioinformatics
functional
showed
that
mainly
involved
purine
ribonucleoside
triphosphate
metabolic
process,respiratory
chain
complex,DNA−binding
transcription
factor
binding
active
transmembrane
transporter
activity.
is
Oxidative
phosphorylation,
cAMP
signaling
pathway.
finally
three
genes,
GAS2L1,
ARHGEF40
PFKFB3,
prediction
model
determined
GAS2L1
(AUC:
0.882),
0.867)
PFKFB3
0.869),
had
good
performance.
Meanwhile,
disease
core
infiltration
related,
highest
positive
correlation
macrophage
M1
(p
<
0.001)
negative
mast
cell
activation
=
0.0017);
B
cells
naive
0.001),
0.0047).
results
relative
mRNA
levels
ARHGEF40,
significantly
elevated
populations
groups
0.05).
Immune
infiltration-based
models
can
used
predict
diagnosis
patients
provide
a
treatment
diseases.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 19, P. 4279 - 4295
Published: May 1, 2024
Ischemic
stroke,
being
a
prominent
contributor
to
global
disability
and
mortality,
lacks
an
efficacious
therapeutic
approach
in
current
clinical
settings.
Neural
stem
cells
(NSCs)
are
type
of
cell
that
only
found
inside
the
nervous
system.
These
can
differentiate
into
various
kinds
cells,
potentially
regenerating
or
restoring
neural
networks
within
areas
brain
have
been
destroyed.
This
review
begins
by
providing
introduction
existing
approaches
for
ischemic
followed
examination
promise
limits
associated
with
utilization
NSCs
treatment
stroke.
Subsequently,
comprehensive
overview
was
conducted
synthesize
literature
on
underlying
processes
cell-derived
small
extracellular
vesicles
(NSC-sEVs)
transplantation
therapy
context
mechanisms
encompass
neuroprotection,
inflammatory
response
suppression,
endogenous
nerve
vascular
regeneration
facilitation.
Nevertheless,
translation
NSC-sEVs
is
hindered
challenges
such
as
inadequate
targeting
efficacy
insufficient
content
loading.
In
light
these
limitations,
we
compiled
advancements
utilizing
modified
treating
stroke
based
methods
vesicle
modification.
conclusion,
examining
NSC-sEVs-based
anticipated
be
both
fundamental
applied
investigations
about
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Aug. 5, 2024
Bone
marrow
mesenchymal
stem
cell-derived
exosomes
(BMSC-Exos)
have
been
shown
to
promote
angiogenesis
after
ischemic
stroke,
in
which
microRNAs
(miRs)
are
believed
play
an
important
role
exosome-mediated
therapeutic
effects,
though
the
mechanism
is
still
not
clear.
In
this
study,
a
series
of
molecular
biological
and
cellular
assays,
both
vitro
vivo,
were
performed
elucidate
exosomal
miR-486
following
cerebral
its
mechanisms.
Our
results
revealed
that
BMSC-Exos
significantly
improved
neurological
function
increased
microvessel
density
stroke
rats.
assays
showed
promoted
proliferation,
migration,
tube
formation
ability
oxygen-glucose
deprivation/reoxygenation
(OGD/R)
injured
rat
brain
microvascular
endothelial
cells
(RBMECs).
Importantly,
expression
phosphorylated
protein
kinase
B
(p-Akt)
down-regulated
level
phosphatase
tensin
homolog
(PTEN)
vivo
vitro.
Mechanistic
studies
demonstrated
transfection
with
mimic
enhanced
RBMECs
p-Akt
expression,
while
inhibited
PTEN
expression.
On
other
hand,
inhibitor
induced
opposite
effect,
could
be
blocked
by
siRNA.
It
was
thus
concluded
from
BMSCs
may
enhance
functional
recovery
promoting
injury,
might
related
regulation
PTEN/Akt
pathway.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 1074 - 1074
Published: April 2, 2023
Ischemic
stroke
is
one
of
the
leading
causes
death
and
disability
worldwide.
Neurogenesis
plays
a
crucial
role
in
postischemic
functional
recovery.
Alcohol
dose-dependently
affects
prognosis
ischemic
stroke.
We
investigated
impact
light
alcohol
consumption
(LAC)
on
neurogenesis
under
physiological
conditions
following
C57BL/6J
mice
(three
months
old)
were
fed
with
0.7
g/kg/day
ethanol
(designed
as
LAC)
or
volume-matched
water
control)
daily
for
eight
weeks.
To
evaluate
neurogenesis,
numbers
5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine
(BrdU)+/doublecortin
(DCX)+
BrdU+/NeuN+
neurons
assessed
subventricular
zone
(SVZ),
dentate
gyrus
(DG),
cortex,
striatum.
The
locomotor
activity
was
determined
by
accelerating
rotarod
open
field
tests.
LAC
significantly
increased
BrdU+/DCX+
cells
SVZ
conditions.
dramatically
DG,
SVZ,
increase
greater
compared
to
control
mice.
In
addition,
about
three
folds
cortex.
Furthermore,
reduced
brain
damage
improved
activity.
Therefore,
may
protect
against
promoting
neurogenesis.
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(7)
Published: July 15, 2024
Stroke
is
a
prominent
contributor
to
mortality
and
impairment
on
global
scale.
Ischemic
stroke
accounts
for
approximately
80%
of
cases
caused
by
occlusion
cerebral
blood
vessels.
Enhancing
neurogenesis
through
the
modulation
neural
stem
cell
niche
in
adult
brain
promising
therapeutic
strategy
individuals
afflicted
with
ischemic
stroke.
Neurogenesis
results
generation
newborn
neurons
that
serve
as
replacements
deceased
cells
within
core,
thereby
playing
significant
role
process
restoration
subsequent
ischemia.
Research
has
shown
activation
Wnt/β-catenin
pathway
can
augment
following
ischemia,
suggesting
this
potentially
beneficial
target
managing
This
review
provides
an
extensive
analysis
current
knowledge
regarding
involvement
promoting
neurogenesis,
offering
avenue
intervention
context
or
other
neurological
impairments.
Metabolic Brain Disease,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
40(1)
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
Vascular
dementia
(VD)
is
a
neurocognitive
disorder
resulting
from
cerebral
vascular
disorders,
leading
to
the
demise
of
neurons
and
cognitive
deficits,
posing
significant
health
concerns
globally.
Derived
Ginkgo
biloba
leaves,
EGb761
potent
bioactive
compound
widely
recognized
for
its
benefits
in
treating
cerebrovascular
diseases.
Previous
studies
have
demonstrated
that
administration
VD
rats
enhances
proliferation,
differentiation,
migration
neurons,
effectively
alleviating
dysfunction.
However,
specific
mechanisms
by
which
exerts
remedial
influence
on
persist
ambiguity.
This
investigation
utilized
an
integrated
approach
incorporating
network
pharmacology
with
experimental
procedures
HT-22
mouse
hippocampal
neuronal
cells
amidst
oxygen-glucose
deprivation
reoxygenation
(OGD/R)
delve
into
certain
repercussions
cell
proliferation
migration.
Results
revealed
ras
homolog
family
member
A
(RHOA)
B-cell
lymphoma
2
(BCL-2)
are
potential
targets
leaves.
Target
genes
mainly
enriched
pathways
including
those
involved
growth
hormone
synthesis,
secretion
action
neurotrophin
signalling
pathway.
Cellular
experiments
further
application
notably
enhanced
viability,
HT22
subjected
OGD/R
through
RhoA-ROCK2
In
conclusion,
our
findings
indicated
significantly
following
injury
targeting
pathway,
thus
offering
valuable
insights
as
treatment
VD.
