Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 14, 2024
ABSTRACT
Cognitive
decline
is
common
in
patients
with
acute
or
chronic
kidney
disease.
Several
areas
of
brain
function
can
be
affected,
including
short-
and
long-term
memory,
attention
inhibitory
control,
sleep,
mood,
eating
control
motor
function.
disease
shares
risk
factors
cognitive
dysfunction
people
without
disease,
such
as
diabetes,
high
blood
pressure,
sedentary
lifestyle
unhealthy
diet.
However,
additional
kidney-specific
may
contribute,
uremic
toxins,
electrolyte
imbalances,
inflammation,
acid–base
disorders
endocrine
dysregulation.
Traditional
interact
to
cause
damage
the
blood–brain
barrier,
induce
vascular
neurotoxicity
neuroinflammation.
Here,
we
discuss
recent
insights
into
pathomechanisms
from
animal
models
novel
avenues
for
prevention
therapy.
We
focus
on
a
several
that
influence
cognition:
barrier
disruption,
role
skeletal
muscle,
physical
activity
factor
irisin,
emerging
therapeutic
sodium-glucose
cotransporter
2
(SGLT2)
inhibitors
glucagon-like
peptide
1
(GLP-1)
receptor
agonists.
Taken
together,
these
studies
demonstrate
importance
providing
mechanistic
understanding
this
complex
condition
their
potential
explain
mechanisms
therapies.
BMJ,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. e079475 - e079475
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
To
compare
the
risk
of
dementia
associated
with
sodium-glucose
cotransporter-2
(SGLT-2)
inhibitors
versus
dipeptidyl
peptidase-4
(DPP-4)
in
adults
aged
40-69
years
type
2
diabetes.
Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
103(8)
Published: Sept. 18, 2024
Despite
the
mechanistic
potential
of
sodium-glucose
cotransporter
2
inhibitor
(SGLT2i)
to
improve
neurologic
outcomes,
efficacy
SGLT2i
in
neurodegenerative
disorders
among
patients
with
type
diabetes
is
not
well
established.
This
population-based
cohort
study
aimed
investigate
association
use
risks
incident
dementia
and
Parkinson
disease
(PD)
diabetes.
The American Journal of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
137(11), P. 1136 - 1141
Published: July 6, 2024
Sodium-glucose
cotransporter
2
inhibitors
(SGLT2i)
have
been
shown
to
reduce
the
risk
of
hospitalizations
from
heart
failure
and
cardiovascular
mortality.
However,
SGLT2i
therapy's
potential
effects
on
risks
dementia
Parkinson's
disease
are
not
well
established,
with
conflicting
results
based
observational
studies.
Hence,
we
sought
evaluate
association
between
in
patients
type
diabetes
mellitus,
failure,
or
chronic
kidney
disease.
Alzheimer s & Dementia,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 16, 2025
The
Canadian
Stroke
Best
Practice
Recommendations
(CSPR)
7th
edition
includes
this
new
module
on
the
diagnosis
and
management
of
vascular
cognitive
impairment
(VCI)
with
or
without
neurodegenerative
disease.
An
expert
writing
group
people
VCI
lived
experience
(PWLE)
reviewed
current
evidence.
Existing
recommendations
were
revised,
added.
Sections
include
definitions,
signs
symptoms,
screening,
assessment,
diagnosis,
pharmacological
non-pharmacological
management,
secondary
prevention,
rehabilitation,
end-of-life
care.
PWLE
actively
involved
in
all
aspects
development,
ensuring
their
experiences
are
integrated.
A
unique
journey
map,
developed
by
PWLE,
is
included,
helped
to
motivate
anchor
recommendations.
We
encourage
it
be
displayed
across
healthcare
settings
raise
awareness
support
persons
VCI.
These
CSBPRs
emphasize
need
for
integrated
multidisciplinary
care
continuum.
Evidence
continues
emerge
gaps
knowledge
should
drive
future
research.
HIGHLIGHTS:
This
focuses
specifically
using
a
structured
framework
validated
methodology.
comprehensive
set
evidence-based
presented
that
addresses
continuum
from
symptom
onset
end
life.
consider
individuals
who
because
stroke
other
pathologies
such
as
atrial
fibrillation
heart
failure.
map
an
individual's
has
been
experience.
It
valuable
guide
inform
educational
content,
approaches
caring
families
VCI,
systems
planning.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Feb. 28, 2025
Diabetes
mellitus
is
a
common
metabolic
disease
in
humans
and
cats.
Cats
share
several
features
of
human
type-2
diabetes
can
be
considered
an
animal
model
for
this
disease.
In
the
last
decade,
sodium-glucose
transporter
2
inhibitors
(SGLT2i)
have
been
used
successfully
as
class
hypoglycemic
drug
that
inhibits
reabsorption
glucose
from
renal
proximal
tubules,
consequently
managing
hyperglycemia
through
glycosuria.
Furthermore,
SGLT2i
shown
to
cardiac,
renal,
other
protective
effects
diabetic
acting
pleiotropic
drug.
Currently,
at
least
six
are
approved
by
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
use
with
diabetes,
recently,
two
drugs
were
This
narrative
review
focuses
on
treat
We
summarize
data
support
controlling
protecting
against
cardiovascular
damage.
also
available
literature
regarding
benefits
these
well
Adverse
related
discussed.
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 108276 - 108276
Published: March 1, 2025
Diabetes
is
a
significant
risk
factor
for
both
stroke
and
dementia.
This
study
aimed
to
compare
the
of
incident
dementia
between
sodium-glucose
cotransporter
2
(SGLT2)
inhibitors
dipeptidyl
peptidase-4
(DPP-4)
in
diabetic
patients
with
history
ischemic
stroke.
We
conducted
propensity-matched
retrospective
cohort
using
observational
data
from
TriNetX
global
federated
health
research
network.
Patients
aged
18
years
or
older
type
diabetes
(T2D)
stroke,
newly
prescribed
either
an
SGLT2
DPP-4
inhibitor
July
1,
2013,
June
30,
2024,
were
included.
Propensity
score
matching
was
employed
balance
baseline
characteristics
treatment
groups.
The
primary
outcome
dementia,
secondary
outcomes
including
degenerative
vascular
After
propensity
matching,
each
group
consisted
15901
patients.
Over
mean
follow-up
2.52
years,
use
associated
lower
risks
overall
(hazard
ratio
[HR]
0.66;
95%
confidence
interval
[CI]
0.59-0.74),
(HR
0.68;
CI
0.60-0.76),
0.59,
0.49-0.70)
compared
use.
These
findings
remained
consistent
across
various
sensitivity
subgroup
analyses.
In
initiating
inhibitors,
association
observed
dementias.
support
preferential
this
high-risk
population,
warranting
further
investigation
through
randomized
clinical
trials.
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 10, 2025
Abstract
Aims
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
significantly
increases
the
risk
of
dementia,
including
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
vascular
dementia
(VaD)
and
mixed
dementia.
Although
sodium‐glucose
cotransporter‐2
inhibitors
(SGLT2i)
have
shown
potential
neuroprotective
effects,
previous
studies
were
limited
by
small
sample
sizes,
single‐country
datasets
a
lack
detailed
analyses
subtypes.
Materials
Methods
This
retrospective
cohort
study
utilized
TriNetX
database,
comprising
de‐identified
electronic
health
records
from
over
100
million
patients
across
98
healthcare
organizations
worldwide.
Adults
with
T2DM
initiating
treatment
either
SGLT2i
or
dipeptidyl
peptidase‐4
(DPP4i)
between
November
20,
2004,
2024,
included.
Propensity
score
matching
(PSM)
at
1:1
ratio
ensured
balanced
baseline
characteristics.
Primary
outcomes
included
overall
specific
subtypes
(VaD,
AD,
other
dementias),
while
secondary
all‐cause
mortality.
Results
After
propensity
matching,
278
689
per
group
analysed.
use
was
associated
lower
incidence
(2.9%
vs.
6.7%;
adjusted
hazard
[AHR]
0.77,
95%
confidence
interval
[CI],
0.75–0.79)
(AHR
0.80),
0.82)
dementias
0.68).
These
associations
remained
consistent
age,
sex,
glycaemic
control
concurrent
medication
in
subgroup
analyses.
also
linked
to
mortality
(4.1%
11.2%;
AHR
0.66,
CI,
0.65–0.68).
Findings
robust
sensitivity
analyses,
supporting
effects
SGLT2i.
Conclusions
large‐scale
observational
suggests
that
is
risks
multiple
T2DM.
