Green Technologies and Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2(3), P. 100100 - 100100
Published: April 18, 2024
The
acceleration
of
the
energy
transition
away
from
traditional
systems
depends
on
inclusion
H2
in
plans.
Using
biomass
to
produce
hydrogen
holds
significant
promise
field
renewable
energy.
This
article
explores
history
as
a
sustainable
source
and
highlights
important
role
Various
conversion
technologies,
including
thermochemical,
biological,
electrochemical,
hybrid
processes,
are
discussed
compared
other
sources.
Given
into
mix,
comparisons
made
between
methods
biomass-to-hydrogen
terms
cost
per
kg
H2,
power
consumption
kWh
well
feedstocks
utilized
for
production,
their
strengths
weaknesses.
Case
study
applications
these
methodologies
highlighted
limitations
addressed
course
discussion.
provides
an
in-depth
look
at
prospects
challenges
providing
review
research
literature,
insights
efficiency
improvements,
level
advancement
technology,
catalyst
development.
catalysts,
machine
learning,
artificial
intelligence
along
with
factors
improving
production
were
discussed.
Challenges
such
food
supply,
techno-economic
constraints,
environmental
impact,
have
all
been
examined.
concludes
by
highlighting
current
applications,
prospects,
overall
importance
transportation,
business
policy
changes.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
20(1), P. 153 - 188
Published: Oct. 6, 2021
Abstract
Dihydrogen
(H
2
),
commonly
named
‘hydrogen’,
is
increasingly
recognised
as
a
clean
and
reliable
energy
vector
for
decarbonisation
defossilisation
by
various
sectors.
The
global
hydrogen
demand
projected
to
increase
from
70
million
tonnes
in
2019
120
2024.
Hydrogen
development
should
also
meet
the
seventh
goal
of
‘affordable
energy’
United
Nations.
Here
we
review
production
life
cycle
analysis,
geological
storage
utilisation.
produced
water
electrolysis,
steam
methane
reforming,
pyrolysis
coal
gasification.
We
compare
environmental
impact
routes
analysis.
used
power
systems,
transportation,
hydrocarbon
ammonia
production,
metallugical
industries.
Overall,
combining
electrolysis-generated
with
underground
porous
media
such
reservoirs
salt
caverns
well
suited
shifting
excess
off-peak
dispatchable
on-peak
demand.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
19(2), P. 797 - 849
Published: Nov. 22, 2020
Abstract
Human
activities
have
led
to
a
massive
increase
in
$$\hbox
{CO}_{2}$$
CO2
emissions
as
primary
greenhouse
gas
that
is
contributing
climate
change
with
higher
than
$$1\,^{\circ
}\hbox
{C}$$
1∘C
global
warming
of
the
pre-industrial
level.
We
evaluate
three
major
technologies
are
utilised
for
carbon
capture:
pre-combustion,
post-combustion
and
oxyfuel
combustion.
review
advances
capture,
storage
utilisation.
compare
uptake
techniques
dioxide
separation.
Monoethanolamine
most
common
sorbent;
yet
it
requires
high
regeneration
energy
3.5
GJ
per
tonne
.
Alternatively,
recent
sorbent
technology
reveal
novel
solvents
such
modulated
amine
blend
lower
2.17
Graphene-type
materials
show
adsorption
capacity
0.07
mol/g,
which
10
times
specific
types
activated
carbon,
zeolites
metal–organic
frameworks.
geosequestration
provides
an
efficient
long-term
strategy
storing
captured
geological
formations
factor
at
Gt-scale
within
operational
timescales.
Regarding
utilisation
route,
currently,
gross
200
million
tonnes
year,
roughly
negligible
compared
extent
anthropogenic
emissions,
32,000
year.
Herein,
we
different
methods
direct
routes,
i.e.
beverage
carbonation,
food
packaging
oil
recovery,
chemical
industries
fuels.
Moreover,
investigated
additional
base-load
power
generation,
seasonal
storage,
district
cooling
cryogenic
air
capture
using
geothermal
energy.
Through
bibliometric
mapping,
identified
research
gap
literature
this
field
future
investigations,
instance,
designing
new
stable
ionic
liquids,
pore
size
selectivity
frameworks
enhancing
solvents.
areas
techno-economic
evaluation
solvents,
process
design
dynamic
simulation
require
further
effort
well
development
before
pilot-
commercial-scale
trials.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
19(6), P. 4075 - 4118
Published: July 23, 2021
Abstract
The
global
energy
demand
is
projected
to
rise
by
almost
28%
2040
compared
current
levels.
Biomass
a
promising
source
for
producing
either
solid
or
liquid
fuels.
Biofuels
are
alternatives
fossil
fuels
reduce
anthropogenic
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
Nonetheless,
policy
decisions
biofuels
should
be
based
on
evidence
that
produced
in
sustainable
manner.
To
this
end,
life
cycle
assessment
(LCA)
provides
information
environmental
impacts
associated
with
biofuel
production
chains.
Here,
we
review
advances
biomass
conversion
and
their
impact
assessment.
Processes
gasification,
combustion,
pyrolysis,
enzymatic
hydrolysis
routes
fermentation.
Thermochemical
processes
classified
into
low
temperature,
below
300
°C,
high
higher
than
i.e.
combustion
pyrolysis.
Pyrolysis
because
it
operates
at
relatively
lower
temperature
of
up
500
which
800–1300
°C.
We
focus
1)
the
drawbacks
advantages
thermochemical
biochemical
various
possibility
integrating
these
better
process
efficiency;
2)
methodological
approaches
key
findings
from
40
LCA
studies
pathways
published
2019
2021;
3)
bibliometric
trends
knowledge
gaps
using
routes.
integration
hydrothermal
circular
economy.
Fuel,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
342, P. 127776 - 127776
Published: Feb. 27, 2023
The
latest
tremendously
rapid
expansion
of
the
energy
and
industrial
sector
has
led
to
a
sharp
increase
in
stationary
sources
CO2.
Consequently,
lot
concerns
have
been
raised
about
prevention
global
warming
achievement
climate
mitigation
strategies
by
2050
with
low-carbon
sustainable
future.
In
view
this,
current
state
various
aspects
carbon
capture,
utilization,
storage
(CCUS)
technologies
general
technical
assessment
were
concisely
reviewed
discussed.
We
concentrated
on
precisely
identifying
technology
readiness
level
(TRL),
which
is
beneficial
specifically
defining
maturity
for
each
key
element
CCUS
system
commercialization
direction
paths.
addition,
we
especially
presented
emphasized
importance
CO2
capture
types
from
flue
gases
separation
methods.
Then,
determined
valuable
data
largest
R&D
projects
at
scales.
This
paper
provides
critical
review
literature
related
challenges
that
must
be
overcome
raise
many
low
TRL
facilitate
their
implementation
commercial
scale.
Finally,
our
work
aims
guide
further
scaling
up
establishment
worldwide
emission
reduction
projects.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(5), P. 2797 - 2851
Published: June 15, 2022
Abstract
The
world
is
experiencing
an
energy
crisis
and
environmental
issues
due
to
the
depletion
of
fossil
fuels
continuous
increase
in
carbon
dioxide
concentrations.
Microalgal
biofuels
are
produced
using
sunlight,
water,
simple
salt
minerals.
Their
high
growth
rate,
photosynthesis,
sequestration
capacity
make
them
one
most
important
biorefinery
platforms.
Furthermore,
microalgae's
ability
alter
their
metabolism
response
stresses
produce
relatively
levels
high-value
compounds
makes
a
promising
alternative
fuels.
As
result,
microalgae
can
significantly
contribute
long-term
solutions
critical
global
such
as
climate
change.
benefits
algal
biofuel
have
been
demonstrated
by
significant
reductions
dioxide,
nitrogen
oxide,
sulfur
oxide
emissions.
Microalgae-derived
biomass
has
potential
generate
wide
range
commercially
compounds,
novel
materials,
feedstock
for
variety
industries,
including
cosmetics,
food,
feed.
This
review
evaluates
microalgal
bioenergy
carriers,
biodiesel
from
stored
lipids,
alcohols
reserved
carbohydrate
fermentation,
hydrogen,
syngas,
methane,
biochar
bio-oils
via
anaerobic
digestion,
pyrolysis,
gasification.
use
routes
atmospheric
removal
approach
being
evaluated.
cost
production
primarily
determined
culturing
(77%),
harvesting
(12%),
lipid
extraction
(7.9%).
choice
species
cultivation
mode
(autotrophic,
heterotrophic,
mixotrophic)
factors
controlling
production,
well
fuel
properties.
simultaneous
agricultural,
municipal,
or
industrial
wastewater
low-cost
option
that
could
reduce
economic
costs
while
also
providing
valuable
remediation
service.
Microalgae
proposed
viable
candidate
capture
atmosphere
point
source.
sequester
1.3
kg
1
biomass.
Using
potent
strains
efficient
design
bioreactors
thus
challenge.
theoretically
up
9%
light
convert
513
tons
into
280
dry
per
hectare
year
open
closed
cultures.
integrated
bio-refinery
recover
high-value-added
products
waste
create
processing
bioenergy.
To
system,
should
be
coupled
with
thermochemical
technologies,
pyrolysis.
Frontiers in Energy Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Sept. 10, 2021
The
commercialization
of
hydrogen
as
a
fuel
faces
severe
technological,
economic,
and
environmental
challenges.
As
method
to
overcome
these
challenges,
microalgal
biohydrogen
production
has
become
the
subject
growing
research
interest.
Microalgal
can
be
produced
through
different
metabolic
routes,
economic
considerations
which
are
largely
missing
from
recent
reviews.
Thus,
this
review
briefly
explains
techniques
economics
associated
with
enhancing
microalgae-based
production.
cost
producing
been
estimated
between
$10
GJ-1
$20
GJ-1,
is
not
competitive
gasoline
($0.33
GJ-1).
Even
though
direct
biophotolysis
sunlight
conversion
efficiency
over
80%,
its
productivity
sensitive
oxygen
availability.
While
electrochemical
processes
produce
highest
(>90%),
fermentation
photobiological
more
environmentally
sustainable.
Studies
have
revealed
that
quite
high,
ranging
$2.13
kg-1
7.24
via
biophotolysis,
$1.42kg-1
indirect
$7.54
7.61
fermentation.
Therefore,
low-cost
technologies
need
developed
ensure
long-term
sustainability
requires
optimization
critical
experimental
parameters,
engineering,
genetic
modification.
