Designing agroecological transitions; A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 35(4), P. 1237 - 1257

Published: June 30, 2015

Language: Английский

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Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(3)

Published: May 11, 2021

Abstract Integrated Pest Management (IPM) provides an illustration of how crop protection has (or not) evolved over the past six decades. Throughout this period, IPM endeavored to promote sustainable forms agriculture, pursued sharp reductions in synthetic pesticide use, and thereby resolved myriad socio-economic, environmental, human health challenges. Global use has, however, largely continued unabated, with negative implications for farmer livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, right food. In review, we examine developed time assess whether concept remains suited present-day We believe that despite many good intentions, hard realities need be faced. 1) identify following major weaknesses: i) a multitude definitions generate unnecessary confusion; ii) inconsistencies between concepts, practice, policies; iii) insufficient engagement farmers technology development frequent lack basic understanding its underlying ecological concepts. 2) By diverting from fundamental principles, integration practices proceeded along serendipitous routes, proven ineffective, yielded unacceptable outcomes. 3) show majority cases, chemical control still basis plant programs. 4) Furthermore, research is often lagging, tends misguided, pays attention ecology functioning agroecosystems. 5) Since 1960s, rules have been twisted, foundational concepts degraded serious (farm-level) implementation not advanced. To remedy this, are proposing Agroecological Crop Protection as captures agroecology can optimally put service protection. constitutes interdisciplinary scientific field comprises orderly strategy (and clear prioritization) at field, farm, agricultural landscape level dimension social organizational ecology.

Language: Английский

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Soil labile organic carbon fractions and soil organic carbon stocks as affected by long-term organic and mineral fertilization regimes in the North China Plain

Soil and Tillage Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 281 - 290

Published: Oct. 12, 2017

Language: Английский

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Pesticide-free agriculture as a new paradigm for research

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

Abstract Reducing pesticide use has become a goal shared by several European countries and major issue in public policies due to the negative impacts of pesticides on environment human health. However, since most agri-food sector relies these countries, substantially reducing is complex issue. To overcome this situation, we argue that agricultural research role play must adopt pesticide-free paradigm expect deep impact use. In article, explain why new needed outline fronts it will help address. These are related five strategies: (1) redesigning cropping systems enhance prophylaxis, (2) diversifying biocontrol strategies associated business models, (3) broadening scope plant breeding include functional biodiversity evolutionary ecology concepts, (4) setting goals for machinery digital technologies, (5) supporting development private initiatives transition toward systems. The corresponding activities be managed conjointly develop systemic coupled innovations, which essential significantly. We therefore provide examples cross-cutting objectives combine while also highlighting need interdisciplinary projects. By doing so, an overall orientation achieve sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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A new analytical framework of farming system and agriculture model diversities. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 37(3)

Published: June 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Semi-natural habitats support biological control, pollination and soil conservation in Europe. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 37(4)

Published: July 24, 2017

Language: Английский

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Crop–livestock integration beyond the farm level: a review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 36(3)

Published: Sept. 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Agricultural intensification, dietary diversity, and markets in the global food security narrative

Global Food Security, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 9 - 16

Published: Dec. 5, 2018

• Many food security experts have been calling for agricultural intensification in developing countries to feed a growing global population. This narrative is based on narrow view of focused calories and neglects issues dietary quality. Encouraging small farmers across the world grow more staple crops intensively may unintended negative consequences A nuanced approach sensitive local contexts appreciative foods other than staples lead alternative policy choices many places.

Language: Английский

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Plant biodiversity promotes sustainable agriculture directly and via belowground effects

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(7), P. 674 - 687

Published: March 9, 2022

Modern agriculture is characterized by monocultures, which rely on external inputs and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions biodiversity loss.Biodiversity drives ecosystem functions through multiple mechanisms.The importance of plant–soil feedbacks mediated soil microbial communities in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships for agricultural practices increasingly recognized.BEF research can guide the development diversification that not only species diversity but mechanisms stemming from composition functional traits enhance both above- belowground functions.We identify how plant may carbon retention soils via effects microorganisms.Diversification requires a fundamental ecological understanding underlying alleviate trade-offs between desired crop yields. While positive relationship well established, extent this processes poorly understood. Growing evidence suggests community structure influences diversity, turn promotes sustainable agriculture. Here, we outline 'plant-directed' microbe-mediated expected promote BEF. We knowledge be utilized schemes maximize agroecosystems, are typically poor sensitive biotic abiotic stressors. In face resource overexploitation global change, bridging gaps science crucial meet food security Anthropocene. Biodiversity stabilizes provisioning services, such as biomass production, nutrient cycling supporting processes, storage, pollination, or reduction pests pathogens [1.Balvanera P. et al.Quantifying services.Ecol. Lett. 2006; 9: 1146-1156Crossref PubMed Scopus (1765) Google Scholar, 2.Cardinale B.J. al.The role producer ecosystems.Am. J. Bot. 2011; 98: 572-592Crossref (804) 3.van der Plas F. naturally assembled communities.Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 2019; 94: 1220-1245PubMed Scholar]. Agricultural systems depleted [4.Savary S. burden major crops.Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3: 430-439Crossref (611) Scholar] stress, including drought [5.Liang X.-Z. al.Determining climate US total productivity.Proc. 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Plant Biol. 2020; 56: 89-98Crossref (6) Scholar], increases yields must further erode capital relies. Ecological intensification (see Glossary) support services recognized option achieve [10.Kleijn D. al.Ecological intensification: gap practice.Trends 34: 154-166Abstract Full Text PDF (172) This would allow transition away increasing characteristic intensification, resulting degradation within environments beyond [11.Herrero M. al.Articulating effect innovation Sustainable Development Goals.Lancet Planet. 5: e50-e62Abstract (39) Scholar,12.Pingali P.L. Green revolution: impacts, limits, path ahead.Proc. 2012; 109: 12302-12308Crossref (832) underpinning BEF under active discussion. most focused aboveground mechanisms, influence consecutively below- [13.Wagg C. al.Soil determine multifunctionality.Proc. 2014; 111: 5266-5270Crossref (932) Scholar,14.Prommer al.Increased growth, biomass, turnover drive organic accumulation higher diversity.Glob. Change 26: 669-681Crossref (76) Our links increased years (e.g., [15.Thakur M.P. al.Plant–soil temporal dynamics diversity–productivity relationships.Trends 101: 265Google Scholar]), feedback loops becoming clear [16.Mariotte feedback: sciences.Trends 2018; 33: 129-142Abstract (0) uncovered different dimensions link functioning, implications [17.Manning al.Transferring function management 'real-world' ecosystems.in: Eisenhauer N. Mechanisms Underlying Relationship Between Ecosystem Function. Academic Press, 2019: 323-356Crossref (34) three fields interlinked yet developed. A current key challenge gain mechanistic functioning. Such viewpoint will benefit order create generally applicable rules design schemes. describe insights used efficiently harness associated functions. At intersection these fields, need bridged understand could plant-directed those (Figure 1, Key figure ). Various [18.Tilman al.Biodiversity functioning.Annu. Syst. 45: 471-493Crossref (820) 19.Barry K.E. future complementarity: disentangling consequences.Trends 167-180Abstract (122) 20.S.L. Cappelli, al., Partitioning trophic levels, Monogr. press.Google Multiple meta-analyses over 100 experiments consistently showed primary productivity, commonly studied Scholar,21.Cardinale al.Effects groups ecosystems.Nature. 443: 989-992Crossref (1285) Scholar]). There produce large amounts independent neighboring [22.Cardinale its impact humanity.Nature. 486: 59-67Crossref (3520) inclusion few productive diverse mixtures productivity selection effects. addition, complementary interactions many [23.Loreau Hector complementarity experiments.Nature. 2001; 412: 72-76Crossref (1835) Scholar,24.Fargione al.From shifts biodiversity-productivity long-term experiment.Proc. 2007; 274: 871-876Google Similarly, other energy transfer levels water efficiency driven species, is, grassland experiment tree respectively. Barry al. classify into partitioning rooting depths), hosting pollinators), facilitation microclimate [19.Barry stability resilience stressors events, suggested modeling species' responses fluctuating Yachi Loreau [25.Yachi environment: insurance hypothesis.Proc. 1999; 96: 1463-1468Crossref (1747) later confirmed data Isbell [26.Isbell extremes.Nature. 2015; 526: 574-577Crossref (638) (the hypothesis). Increasing often reduced disease risk due dilution [27.Keesing risk.Ecol. 485-498Crossref (953) particularly when disturbance-caused underlies gradients [28.Halliday F.W. biodiversity.Ecol. 23: 1611-1622Crossref (23) Moreover, changes host following rather than richness per se explain occur 29.Cappelli S.L. al.Sick plants communities: growth-defense trade-off main driver fungal pathogen abundance impact.Ecol. 1349-1359Crossref 30.Liu X. al.Random underestimates foliar diseases fertilization.Ecol. 8: 1705-1713Crossref (17) Liu [30.Liu showed, an Chinese grassland, warming enrichment induced loss, more random loss. results Cappelli [29.Cappelli factorially manipulated richness, composition, suggest nitrogen-induced slow-growing, disease-resistant mechanism this. meta-analysis Halliday confirms mainly observed Together, studies highlight relevance dependence change drivers. grows spatial scales [31.Isbell across times places.Ecol. 21: 763-778Crossref Scholar,32.Steudel B. along environmental stress gradients.Ecol. 15: 1397-1405Crossref (114) With scale, dimension Scholar,31.Isbell [24.Fargione importance, likely because spatiotemporal variations conditions affect intensities [32.Steudel Overall, should focus impacted time. Many provided biodiversity, like retention, weed control, suppression, important hence classified agroecosystem Scholar,33.Duru al.How implement biodiversity-based services: review.Agron. Sustain. Dev. 35: 1259-1281Crossref (227) maximizes yield short term, crops high monocultures supplemented nutrients pesticides. scenario, adding provide limited benefits Often, does increase [34.Letourneau D.K. al.Does agroecosystems? review.Ecol. Appl. 9-21Crossref (476) Scholar,35.Tamburini G. al.Agricultural without compromising yield.Sci. Adv. eaba1715Crossref However, improve potentially reduce pesticides, irrigation, fertilization Crop – even monoculture two-cultivar reduces Scholar,36.Zhu Y. al.Genetic control rice.Nature. 2000; 406: 718-722Crossref (992) Also, distribution trait abundances, strong predictor multifunctionality includes (N) inorganic N supply, sometimes [37.Finney D.M. Kaye J.P. Functional cover polycultures system.J. 54: 509-517Crossref (112) Figure 2, ways space time systems.Figure 3Plant cycling.Show full captionPlant impacts multitrophic assembly growth. hypothesize more-diverse rhizodeposits cycling, growth formation complex necromass, form matter (SOM) persistent degradation. Red arrows: plant-driven (green arrows). High (blue arrows), (brown arrows).View Large Image ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) any measures helps some function, lack general framework From farmer's perspective, decide whether suitable option. Therefore, efforts needed potential [38.German R.N. al.Relationships among aspects agriculture's productivity: agriculture.Biol. 92: 716-738Crossref especially providing simultaneously Scholar,17.Manning Scholar,37.Finney Often depends partly each capacities [39.van al.Jack-of-all-trades European forests.Nat. Commun. 2016; 7: 11109Crossref (27) Since good [20.S.L. Scholar,40.Isbell al.Benefits agroecosystems.J. 105: 871-879Crossref (232) dilute single 'Jack-of-all-trades' likely: intermediate while low-diversity better maximizing context if particular desired, it beneficial efficient function. facilitation, help above additive level implies where maximize, identity additional (thereafter service crop) essential functions, yield. definition target given choice accordingly. they provide: experiment, Wagg legume crops, nutrient-rich comes cost nitrate capture susceptibility pathogenic fungi, Brassicaceae suppressing microbes [41.Wagg al.Full-season services.Agriculture. 11: 830Crossref (2) scheme (complementarity effects). For example, pest alleviated legumes [42.Iverson A.L. al.Do win–wins services? meta-analysis.J. 51: 1593-1602Crossref Thus, occur, strategic Similar principles apply varieties [43.Montazeaud al.Multifaceted multifaceted yield: towards varietal mixtures.J. 57: 2285-2295Crossref (5) oftentimes strengthen time, has, been reported longest-running Cedar Creek Natural History Area cropping accumulate time: build up decline [44.Bennett A.J. al.Meeting demand production: grown rotations.Biol. 87: 52-71Crossref (261) become less longer timescales. might vary depending perennial annual plants. expect arable systems, tilled regularly, stronger disturbance tilling harvest disrupt buildup agroecosystems pastures agroforestry weaken happen aboveground, multitude belowground. These include involved partitioning, decomposition, (belowground) pathogens, mutualistic and/or bacterial Further driving Beneficial acquisition, defense, tolerance, capture, [45.van Heijden M.G.A. al.Mycorrhizal determines variability productivity.Nature

Language: Английский

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Skill Needs for Sustainable Agri-Food and Forestry Sectors (II): Insights of a European Survey

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 4115 - 4115

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

The agri-food and forestry sectors are in transition towards more sustainable, green, innovative systems tackling several challenges posed by globalization, governance, consumers’ demands. This to novel processes, markets, businesses requires skills competences prepare the new generations upskill actual workforce. purpose of this paper was assess knowledge needs future professionals sectors, from European stakeholders’ perspectives, using a questionnaire. Overall, respondents highlighted importance improving sustainability soft digital skills. In particular, food safety management control; quality assurance processes product; efficient use resources organization; planning, visioning, strategic thinking ranked higher. almost all countries, had perception that neither formal nor non-formal training covered needs, though suited address education requirements. Both for organizations individuals, it is far relevant have perform than recognition. outcomes also provide findings can be used help develop updated curricula meet sector’s needs.

Language: Английский

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