UAV-Based Photogrammetric Tree Height Measurement for Intensive Forest Monitoring

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 758 - 758

Published: March 28, 2019

The measurement of tree height has long been an important attribute for the purpose calculating growth, volume, and biomass, which in turn deliver ecological economical information to decision makers. Tree traditionally measured by indirect field-based techniques, however these methods are rarely contested. With recent advances Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technologies, possibility acquire accurate heights semi-automatically become a reality. In this study, photogrammetric measurements Scots Pine stand were validated using destructive methods. intensive forest monitoring site implemented study was configured with permanent ground control points (GCPs) Total Station (TS). Field-based resulted similar level error that measurements, root mean square (RMSE) values 0.304 m (1.82%) 0.34 (2.07%), respectively (n = 34). A conflicting bias was, however, discovered where field tended overestimate underestimated. all trees 285) against RMSE 0.479 (2.78%). Additionally, two separate datasets compared 251), very low amount observed 0.138 (0.79%), suggesting high potential repeatability. This shows UAV viable option plots within-season growth merits further study. it shown negative positive biases evident UAV-based could potentially lead misinterpretation results when used as validation.

Language: Английский

---

Distinct Responses of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to Drought Intensity and Length—A Review of the Impacts of the 2003 and 2018–2019 Drought Events in Central Europe

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 248 - 248

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

A combined severe heatwave and drought, starting in 2018 lasting for several months, restarted the discussion on resistance of European beech to climatic changes, with growth reductions, early leaf senescence, browning, diebacks reported across Central Europe. These responses may result long-term impacts such as reduced vitality beech, especially under potential future drought periods. While 2003 caused crown damage defoliation a loss vitality, resulting insect fungal infestations subsequent dieback, was even more terms geographical scale, duration, intensity reports complete mortality were exacerbated some regions by consecutive 2019 secondary attacks from pathogens, well further vitality. Such enhanced exposure trees could push them beyond their hydraulic safety margins. Moreover, legacy effects due past droughts lead lower recovery over time, potentially leading tree death. In order better predict Europe, both short- influence post-drought should be explored, adaptive forest management strategies evaluated. synergistic or additive interactions biotic disturbances, require investigation. Long-term monitoring data facilitates investigations beech.

Language: Английский

---

Restoring forests: regeneration and ecosystem function for the future

New Forests, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 50(2), P. 139 - 151

Published: March 1, 2019

Conventions and policies for biodiversity conservation climate change mitigation state the need increased protection, restoration adaptation of forests. Much degraded land may be targeted large-scale forest restoration, yet challenges include costs, a shortage regeneration material restored forests to serve as resource communities. To ensure ecosystem function future, programs must: (1) learn from past; (2) integrate ecological knowledge; (3) advance techniques systems; (4) overcome biotic abiotic disturbances (5) adapt future landscapes. Historical conditions, while site-specific, help identify processes that leave long-term legacies in current understand tree migration biology/population dynamics their relationship with change. Ecological theory around plant–plant interactions has shown importance negative (competition) positive (facilitation) which will become more relevant increasing drought due Selective animal browsing influences efforts establish species-rich forests; an integrated approach is needed simultaneously manage ungulate populations, landscape carrying capacity browse-tolerant regeneration. A deeper understanding limiting factors affect plant establishment facilitate nursery site preparation systems inherent challenges. Severe anthropogenic connected global have created unprecedented pressure on forests, necessitating novel engineering, genetic species landscape-level approaches focus creating functional ecosystems cost-effective manner.

Language: Английский

---

Implementing forest landscape restoration under the Bonn Challenge: a systematic approach

Annals of Forest Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 76(2)

Published: May 1, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Forest Landscape Restoration—What Generates Failure and Success?

Forests, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 938 - 938

Published: Aug. 27, 2020

Research Highlights: The global Forest Landscape Restoration ambitions could be impaired by projects that ignore key principles such as the engagement of local communities in decision making and implementation, equitable benefit sharing, monitoring for adaptive management. This entails danger continued degradation, disappointed stakeholders, ultimately, project failure. Other face technical problems related to tree establishment nursery production. Background Objectives: There are high hopes regain ecosystem integrity enhance human well-being deforested degraded areas. We highlight various success factors experienced during implementation on a scale. Materials Methods: use data from online survey identify common obstacles forest restoration. Results: While majority respondents reported successful projects, others indicate drastic failed projects. Major restoration were lack stakeholder involvement mismatch between goals managers, well environmental, anthropogenic, barriers regeneration. Conclusions: When communities, their goals, needs disregarded planning cases our limited available literature, there is risk Failed discouraged funders policy-makers, lessen momentum ambitions. Adhering can promote much-needed community support, with potential overcome regeneration enable protection, management, restored forests beyond funding periods. needed gain better understanding perception towards activities. Further studies at intersection environmental factors, socioeconomic conditions, regeneration/silviculture, production needed.

Language: Английский

---

Assisted tree migration can preserve the European forest carbon sink under climate change

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 845 - 852

Published: July 25, 2024

Abstract Climate change threatens the role of European forests as a long-term carbon sink. Assisted migration aims to increase resilience forest tree populations climate change, using species-specific climatic limits and local adaptations through transferring seed provenances. We modelled assisted scenarios for seven main species analysed effects provenance selection, accounting environmental genetic variations, on annual above-ground sink regrowing juvenile forests. To resilience, coniferous trees need be replaced by deciduous over large parts their distribution. If provenances are used, this would result in decrease current (40 TgC yr −1 ) 34–41% 2061–2080. However, if adapted future climates sinks could maintained or even increased 48–60 .

Language: Английский

---

Fifteen essential science advances needed for effective restoration of the world's forest landscapes

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 378(1867)

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

There has never been a more pressing and opportune time for science practice to collaborate towards restoration of the world's forests. Multiple uncertainties remain achieving successful, long-term forest landscape (FLR). In this article, we use expert knowledge literature review identify gaps that need closing advance practice, as an introduction landmark theme issue on FLR UN Decade Ecosystem Restoration. Aligned with Adaptive Management Cycle FLR, 15 essential advances required facilitate success nature people. They highlight greatest challenges lie in conceptualization, planning assessment stages restoration, which require evidence base why, where how restore, at realistic scales. underlying sciences are complex, requiring spatially explicit approaches across disciplines sectors, considering multiple objectives, drivers trade-offs critical decision-making financing. The developing tropics priority region, scientists must work stakeholders Cycle. Clearly communicated scientific action outset will enable donors, decision makers implementers develop informed targets processes accountability. This article paves way 19 further articles issue, author contributions from world. is part 'Understanding restoration: reinforcing foundations Restoration'.

Language: Английский

---

Closer-to-Nature Forest Management

From science to policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Closer-to-Nature Forest Management 3. Use adaptive management as a way to tackle uncertainties: We need regularly monitor forest responses interventions, evaluate these and adjust strategies accordingly.A similar approach is urgently required the impact of policy measures support mechanisms proposed encourage adoption Management. Not quick-fix, long-term are needed:The introduction not 'quick-fix' makers must provide consistent managers other stakeholders adopt this strategy.Support for owners training application strategy key. Review existing subsidy taxation regimes private owners:Convincing follow will require creation schemes that reward them providing ecosystem services.Closer-to-Nature has potential biodiversity, adapt forests climate change services higher level than conventional management.There an urgent review affecting forestry, consider how might be changed further uptake Develop use new technologies tools:There harmonize monitoring systems develop tools (GIS, GPS remote sensing) ease more diverse structure-rich forests.Finally, there still some uncertainties about effect certain elements on biodiversity conservation health, they affect including wood production under different conditions throughout Europe.This calls collective learning, experimentation research.

Language: Английский

---

Closer-to-Nature Forest Management

From science to policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Closer-to-Nature Forest Management 3. Use adaptive management as a way to tackle uncertainties: We need regularly monitor forest responses interventions, evaluate these and adjust strategies accordingly.A similar approach is urgently required the impact of policy measures support mechanisms proposed encourage adoption Management. Not quick-fix, long-term are needed:The introduction not 'quick-fix' makers must provide consistent managers other stakeholders adopt this strategy.Support for owners training application strategy key. Review existing subsidy taxation regimes private owners:Convincing follow will require creation schemes that reward them providing ecosystem services.Closer-to-Nature has potential biodiversity, adapt forests climate change services higher level than conventional management.There an urgent review affecting forestry, consider how might be changed further uptake Develop use new technologies tools:There harmonize monitoring systems develop tools (GIS, GPS remote sensing) ease more diverse structure-rich forests.Finally, there still some uncertainties about effect certain elements on biodiversity conservation health, they affect including wood production under different conditions throughout Europe.This calls collective learning, experimentation research.

Language: Английский

---

Climate-induced challenges of Norway spruce in Northern Austria

Trees Forests and People, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 100008 - 100008

Published: June 1, 2020

A dramatic increase in bark-beetle (Ips typographus) damage Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests occured the provinces Upper and Lower Austria past decade with beetle outbreak likely driven by climate change. Water shortage early growing season appears to weaken forests. The high supply of beetle-infested timber is reducing wood prices are not meeting policy expectations for a viable bioeconomy. sink strength has diminished from 12% 6% national greenhouse gas emission budget may even turn into source when disturbance dynamics continue. Consequences cascade through forest sector. regional market price affected declined 30% previous level. Small-forest owners who obtain marginal income products losing motivation active management. operational difficulties cutting trees combined organization transport saw-mills being met excessive inventories unprocessed logs at mills. Large enterprises can only intermittently absorb higher costs management than be currently sales products. long-term consequence lasting reduction productivity an uncertain future forestry Central Europe that increasingly depend on technological breakthroughs processing deciduous eventually payments ecosystem services.

Language: Английский

---