Oxidative stress: fundamentals and advances in quantification techniques

Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Oxidative species, generated endogenously via metabolism or from exogenous sources, play crucial roles in the body. At low levels, these species support immune functions by participating phagocytosis. They also aid cellular signaling and contribute to vasomodulation. However, when levels of oxidative exceed body’s antioxidant capacity neutralize them, stress occurs. This can damage macromolecules such as lipids, DNA, RNA, proteins, driving pathogenesis diseases aging through progressive deterioration physiological structures. Therefore, ability manage maintain it at optimal is essential for overall health. Understanding fundamentals stress, along with its reliable quantification, enable consistency comparability clinical practice across various diseases. While direct quantification oxidant body would be ideal assessing not feasible due their high reactivity, short half-life, challenges using conventional techniques. Alternatively, quantifying lipid peroxidation, products nucleic acids well endogenous antioxidants, serves appropriate markers indicating degree Along markers, this review discusses role novel focusing on biological samples detection Effective may enhance understanding phenomenon, aiding maintenance integrity, prevention age-associated diseases, promotion longevity.

Language: Английский

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Systematic engineering for efficient production of nicotinamide mononucleotide from d-xylose and nicotinamide in Escherichia coli

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 103859 - 103859

Published: March 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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The potential role of gut microbiota-derived metabolites as regulators of metabolic syndrome-associated mitochondrial and endolysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(8), P. 1691 - 1702

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Although the role of gut microbiota (GMB)-derived metabolites in mitochondrial and endolysosomal dysfunction Alzheimer's disease (AD) under metabolic syndrome remains unclear, deciphering these host-metabolite interactions represents a major public health challenge. Dysfunction mitochondria networks (ELNs) plays crucial can exacerbate AD progression, highlighting need to study their reciprocal regulation for better understanding how is linked syndrome. Concurrently, disorders are associated with alterations composition GMB. Recent evidence suggests that changes GMB its may be involved pathology. This review highlights mechanisms syndrome-mediated development, focusing on interconnected roles dysfunction, ELN abnormalities, metabolites. We also discuss pathophysiological GMB-derived metabolites, including amino acids, fatty other extracellular vesicles, mediating effects dysfunction. Finally, this proposes therapeutic strategies by directly modulating functions through targeting

Language: Английский

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Use of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide as Non-Natural Cofactor

Catalysts, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 37 - 37

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has emerged as a promising non-natural cofactor with significant potential to transform biocatalysis, synthetic biology, and therapeutic applications. By modulating NAD⁺ metabolism, NMN offers unique advantages in enzymatic reactions, metabolic engineering, regenerative medicine. This review provides comprehensive analysis of NMN’s biochemical properties, mechanisms action, diverse Emphasis is placed on its role addressing challenges multi-enzyme cascades, biofuel production, the synthesis high-value chemicals. The paper also highlights critical research gaps, including need for scalable methods, improved integration into systems, toxicity studies use. Emerging technologies such AI-driven enzyme design CRISPR-based genome engineering are discussed transformative tools optimizing NMN-dependent pathways. Furthermore, synergistic biology innovations, cell-free systems dynamic regulatory networks, explored, paving way precise modular biotechnological solutions. Looking forward, versatility positions it pivotal tool advancing sustainable bioprocessing precision Addressing current limitations through interdisciplinary approaches will enable redefine boundaries innovation. serves roadmap leveraging across scientific industrial domains.

Language: Английский

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Research Progress on the Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Advances in Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(01), P. 1139 - 1144

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Nicotinamide riboside alleviates sweeteners-induced brain and cognitive impairments in immature mice

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Nicotinamide riboside alleviated cognitive impairment induced by sucrose/aspartame, which might be related to neuroinflammation, pyroptosis, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy.

Language: Английский

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Determination of NAD+ precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) in plant foods: exploring dietary sources

CyTA - Journal of Food, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Its Potential Molecular Interplay in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome: A Scoping Review Bridging Cellular Energetics and Genetic Pathways

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47(2), P. 134 - 134

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and systemic manifestations such as chronic fatigue, gastrointestinal dysfunction, neurological symptoms. Unlike other EDS subtypes with known genetic mutations, hEDS lacks definitive markers, suggesting multifactorial etiology involving both mitochondrial dysfunction non-mitochondrial pathways. This scoping review, conducted in accordance the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, highlights potential unifying mechanism pathophysiology. Impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, calcium dysregulation disrupt cellular energetics extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis, contributing to hallmark features of hEDS. We reviewed candidate genes associated ECM remodeling, signaling pathways, immune regulation. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses revealed interconnected pathways linking these genes. Comparative insights from Fabry disease fragile X premutation carriers underscore shared mechanisms RNA toxicity, metalloproteinases (MMP) activation, degradation. These findings may suggest that amplifies through its interplay molecular By integrating perspectives, this review provides framework for understanding pathogenesis while highlighting latent avenues future research into basis. Understanding role not only sheds light on complex but also opens new paths targeted interventions.

Language: Английский

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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Nicotinamide Riboside Improve Dyslipidemia and Fatty Liver but Promote Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 281 - 281

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Background: Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) are intermediary products in NAD+ metabolism. NMN NR supplementation can elevate levels tissues, addressing health issues associated with aging obesity. However, the impact of on atherosclerosis remains incompletely elucidated. Methods: C57BL/6J Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice were used to explore serum lipids, fatty liver, atherosclerosis. Additionally, various suppliers, administration protocols, doses ApoE−/− investigated. Results: The intragastric (300 mg/kg) (230 reduced body weight, liver but aggravated after 4 months different suppliers. Atherosclerosis also deteriorated 2 protocols (intragastric water administration) existing plaques. effects dose-dependent, around 100 mg/kg had little harmful Conclusions: improve dyslipidemia promote mice. These findings emphasize safe dosage for clinical trials NMN.

Language: Английский

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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Alzheimer’s Disease

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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