Coronavirus Disease 2019: Clinics, Treatment, and Prevention

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Nov. 11, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged at the end of in China and affected entire world population, either infection its health consequences, or restrictions daily life as consequence hygiene measures containment strategies. As September 2021, more than 231,000.000 infections 4,740.000 deaths due to COVID-19 have been reported. present with varied clinical symptoms severity, ranging from asymptomatic course fatal outcome. Several risk factors for identified, most important being age, gender, comorbidities, lifestyle, genetics. While patients recover within several weeks, some report persistent restricting their lives activities, termed post-COVID. Over past 18months, we acquired significant knowledge reflected an almost uncountable number publications on nature underlying virus evolution, host responses infection, modes transmission, different presentations disease. Along this line, new diagnostic tests algorithms developed paralleled search evaluation specific treatments stages In addition, preventive non-pharmacological implemented control spread community. effective antiviral therapy is not yet available, numerous vaccines including vaccine technologies developed, which show high protection specifically death COVID-19. review, tried provide up-to-date schematic COVID-19, aspects epidemiology, virology, presentation, diagnostics, therapy, prevention.

Language: Английский

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The first detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in asthmatic patients post COVID-19 in Jordan

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 17, 2022

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), caused by fungal species named jirovecii, is a frequent opportunistic infection in those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, PCP has been documented immunocompetent patients. This study aims to determine if P. detection occurs asthma patients following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Jordanian cohort. Also, evaluate method of TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay detect from sputum samples. The nasopharyngeal swabs were used SARS-CoV-2 and samples tested for using real time qPCR assay. Beta-tubulin (BT) Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes the directed targets jirovecii. results showed that mean efficiencies BT DHFR 96.37% 100.13%, respectively. Three out 31 included (9.7%) had positive All three oral corticosteroids (OCS) last two months due exacerbation treated OCS COVID-19. first based Jordan demonstrate COVID-19 can co-exist it important maintain broad differential diagnosis, especially immunocompromised Chronic lung be risk factor colonization possibly corticosteroid's immunosuppression.

Language: Английский

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Co-Infections and Superinfections in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients Are Associated with CT Imaging Abnormalities and the Worst Outcomes

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1617 - 1617

Published: July 3, 2022

Background: Bacterial and fungal co-infections superinfections have a critical role in the outcome of COVID-19 patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: The present study is retrospective analysis 95 ICU for COVID-19-related ARDS during first (February−May 2020) second waves pandemic (October 2020−January 2021). Demographic clinical data, CT imaging features, pulmonary extra-pulmonary complications were recorded, as well temporal evolution findings when more than one scan was available. presence registered, reporting culprit pathogens specimen type culture. A comparison between with without bacterial and/or co-infections/superinfections performed. Results: Sixty-three (66.3%) developed at least confirmed co-infection/superinfection, 52 (82.5%) developing pneumonia 43 (68.3%) bloodstream infection. Gram-negative bacteria most common co-pathogens identified Aspergillus spp. frequent microorganism. Consolidations, cavitations, bronchiectasis significantly associated (p = 0.009, p 0.010 respectively); considering only co-pathogens, consolidations remained statistically significative 0.004). Invasive aspergillosis cavitations < 0.001). Patients presented higher mortality rate compared (52.4% vs. 25%, 0.016). Conclusions: are worse outcomes. Imaging plays an important monitoring critically ill may help detect these complications, suggesting further laboratory investigations.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Mucormycosis

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 711 - 711

Published: July 5, 2022

COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) emerged as an epidemic in certain parts of the world amidst global COVID-19 pandemic. While rhino-orbital was well reported during pandemic, absence routine diagnostic facilities including lower airway sampling, pulmonary probably under-recognized. In this review, we have focused on epidemiology and management (CAPM). CAPM is a deadly disease mortality can be high 80% early clinical suspicion treatment. histopathological examination tissue for angio-invasion cultures remained gold standard diagnosis, there increasing interest molecular serological methods to facilitate diagnosis critically ill patients often, immune-suppressed hosts who cannot readily undergo invasive sampling. Combined medical surgical treatment offers more promise than standalone therapy. Maintaining adequate glycemic control prudent use steroids which double-edged sword are key preventative measures. We would like emphasize urgent need development validation reliable biomarkers diagnostics diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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Leading Pathogens Involved in Co-Infection and Super-Infection with COVID-19: Forensic Medicine Considerations after a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 646 - 646

Published: April 27, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about the potential for co-infection or over-infection with other respiratory infections, as they can complicate diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of disease. This is also a challenge forensic pathologists, who may come across cases where presence suspected confirmed, it important that take this into account when determining cause death. aim systematic review to analyse prevalence each specific pathogen co-infecting over-infecting patients SARS-CoV-2 infection. In total, 575 studies were selected from Scopus Pub-Med online databases 8 included in meta-analysis. Male gender, advanced age nursing home care are risk factors associated development co-infection, whereas age, tachypnoea, hypoxaemia bacterial infection predictors mortality. Overall, however, having does not represent real co-infections/super-infections.

Language: Английский

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