Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 2959 - 2959

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

The presence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (long-COVID) has become a worldwide healthcare emergency but remains underestimated and undertreated due to lack recognition the condition knowledge underlying mechanisms. In fact, prevalence post-COVID ranges from 50% during first months up 20% two-years after. This perspective review aimed map existing literature on identify gaps in guide global effort toward improved understanding long-COVID suggest future research directions. There is plethora symptomatology that can be COVID-19; however, today, there no clear classification definition this condition, termed or post-COVID-19 condition. heterogeneity led groups/clusters patients, which could exhibit different risk factors Viral persistence, long-lasting inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmune reactions, reactivation latent infections, endothelial dysfunction alteration gut microbiota have been proposed as potential mechanisms explaining complexity long-COVID. such equation, viral biology (e.g., re-infections, variants), host genetics, epigenetics) external vaccination) should also considered. These various will discussed current directions suggested.

Language: Английский

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Immunologic Interplay Between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flames?

Current HIV/AIDS Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 51 - 75

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

Abstract Purpose of Review HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 have been the major pandemics overwhelming our times. Given enduring immune disfunction featuring people living with HIV (PLWH) despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), concerns for higher incidence severity SARS-CoV-2 infection as well suboptimal responses to newly developed vaccines in this population arose early during pandemics. Herein, we discuss complex interplay between SARS-CoV-2, a special focus on natural vaccination PLWH. Recent Findings Overall, current literature shows that outcomes may be worse or lower PLWH poor CD4 + T-cell counts and/or uncontrolled viremia. Data regarding risk post-acute sequelae (PASC) among are extremely scarce, yet they seem suggest such condition. Summary Scarce immunovirological control appears driver weak infection/vaccination Therefore, individuals should prioritized receive additional vaccine doses. Furthermore, given potentially developing long-term sequelae, who experienced ensured more careful prolonged follow-up.

Language: Английский

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Consistency of inconsistency in long‐COVID‐19 pain symptoms persistency: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Pain Practice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 120 - 159

Published: July 21, 2023

Abstract Introduction Individuals recovering from acute COVID‐19 episodes may continue to suffer various ongoing symptoms, collectively referred as Long‐COVID. Long‐term pain symptoms are amongst the most common and clinically significant be reported for this post‐COVID‐19 syndrome. Objectives This systematic review meta‐analysis aimed evaluate proportions of persisting experienced by individuals past phase identify their associated functional consequences inflammatory correlates. Methods Two online databases were systematically searched inception until 31 March 2022. We primary research articles in English, which evaluated after laboratory‐confirmed resolution specifically on and/or outcomes. Results Of 611 identified articles, 26 included, used data extraction, assessed methodological quality risk bias two independent reviewers. Pain grouped under one six major domains, serving our co‐outcomes. Proportional meta‐analyses pooled logit‐transformed values single performed using random‐effects‐restricted maximum‐likelihood model. An estimated 8%, 6%, 18%, 17%, 12% continued report persistence chest, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal joint, muscle, general body, nervous system‐related respectively, up year COVID‐19. Considerable levels heterogeneity demonstrated across all results. Functional quality‐of‐life impairments some biomarker elevations with long‐COVID symptoms. Conclusion study's findings suggest that although not well characterized, being non‐negligible those episodes, thus highlighting importance future efforts focus aspect.

Language: Английский

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Musculoskeletal involvement: COVID-19 and post COVID 19

Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 1 - 7

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was known to predominantly affect the lungs, but it realized that COVID-19 had a large variety clinical involvement. Cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems are involved by direct or indirect mechanisms with various manifestations. involvement can manifest during infection, due medications used for treatment COVID-19, in post/long syndrome. major symptoms fatigue, myalgia/arthralgia, back pain, low chest pain. During last two years, increased, no clear consensus obtained about pathogenesis. However, there is valuable data supports hypothesis angiotensinconverting enzyme 2, inflammation, hypoxia, muscle catabolism. Additionally, were also have adverse effects, such as corticosteroid-induced myopathy osteoporosis. Therefore, while deciding drugs, priorities benefits should be taken into consideration. Symptoms begin three months from onset continue at least months, cannot explained another diagnosis accepted Prior may persist fluctuate, new manifest. In addition, must one symptom infection. Most common myalgia, arthralgia, weakness, sarcopenia, impaired exercise capacity, physical performance. female sex, obesity, elderly patients, hospitalization, prolonged immobility, having mechanical ventilation, not vaccination, comorbid disorders predictors Musculoskeletal pain problem tends chronic form. There on mechanism, inflammation angiotensin-converting 2 seem play an important role. Localized generalized occur after general localized An accurate allows physicians initiate management proper rehabilitation programs.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular and haematological pathology in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): A role for viruses

Blood Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60, P. 101075 - 101075

Published: March 20, 2023

ME/CFS is a debilitating chronic condition that often develops after viral or bacterial infection. Insight from the study of Long COVID/Post Acute Sequelae COVID-19 (PASC), post-viral syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, might prove to be useful for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms ME/CFS. Disease presentation similar between two conditions, and subset COVID patients meet diagnostic criteria Since characterized by significant vascular pathology – including endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy, dysregulation question whether not same biological abnormalities are significance in arises. Cardiac have while now been documented cohorts, recent studies demonstrating major deficits cerebral blood flow, hence dysregulation. A growing body research accompanied platelet hyperactivation, anomalous clotting, procoagulant phenotype, dysfunction. Endothelial damage dysregulated clotting can impair substance exchange tissues, result hypoperfusion, which may contribute manifestation certain symptoms. Here we review literature summarize cardiovascular haematological findings condition, and, this context, briefly discuss potential role previously-implicated pathogens. Overall, cardiac present within cohorts. While atherosclerotic heart disease significantly ME/CFS, suboptimal function defined reduced output, impaired are, these do appear influenced deconditioning. Rather, dysfunction (autonomic) nervous system. Plenty recently published hyperactivity as well processes. It particular importance determine what extent symptom severity, if systems targeted therapeutic purposes. Viral reservoirs herpesviruses exist most likely directly indirectly. This highlights studying functioning, vasculature, coagulation system

Language: Английский

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