Long COVID is primarily a Spike protein Induced Thrombotic Vasculitis DOI Creative Commons
R Kerr, Harriet A. Carroll

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 18, 2023

Abstract Long COVID describes an array of often debilitating symptoms in the aftermath SARS-CoV-2 infection, with similar symptomatology affecting some people post-vaccination. With estimated > 200 million patients worldwide and cases still rising, effects on quality life economy are significant, thus warranting urgent attention to understand pathophysiology. Herein we describe our perspective that is a continuation acute COVID-19 pathology, whereby coagulopathy main driver disease can cause or exacerbate other pathologies common COVID, such as mast cell activation syndrome dysautonomia. Considering spike protein independently induce fibrinaloid microclots, platelet activation, endotheliitis, predict persistent will be key mechanism driving continued COVID. We discuss several treatment targets address coagulopathy, (particularly early) combination anticoagulant antiplatelet drugs bring significant relief many patients, supported by case study. To help focus targets, propose should referred Spike Induced Thrombotic Vasculitis (SITV). These ideas require testing, especially world tries co-exist COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Long-COVID syndrome: physical–mental interplay in the spotlight DOI Creative Commons

Carolin Thurner,

Andreas Stengel

Inflammopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(2), P. 559 - 564

Published: March 9, 2023

Patients suffering from Long-COVID syndrome experience a variety of different symptoms on physical, but also psychological and social level. Previous psychiatric conditions such as depression anxiety have been identified separate risk factors for developing syndrome. This suggests complex interplay physical mental rather than simple cause-effect relationship specific biological pathogenic process. The biopsychosocial model provides foundation understanding these interactions integrating them into broader perspective the patient disease instead individual symptoms, pointing towards need treatment options well level besides targets. leads to our conclusion, that should be underlying philosophy understanding, diagnosing treating patients syndrome, moving away strictly biomedical suspected by many patients, treaters media while reducing stigma still associated with suggestion physical-mental interplay.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Overview of the potential use of fluvoxamine for COVID-19 and long COVID DOI Creative Commons
Kenji Hashimoto

Discover Mental Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: March 21, 2023

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented a serious worldwide threat to public health since its emergence in late 2019. From safety point of view, drug repurposing received particular attention. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that the use fluvoxamine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with potent sigma-1 receptor agonism, early-stage infection might be associated prevention deterioration individuals SARS-CoV-2 infection, although several reports shown low dose fluvoxamine may ineffective. There is increasing evidence can cross blood–brain barrier, resulting number psychiatric and neurologic symptoms COVID-19 survivors. Importantly, about half survivors experience variety long-term sequelae, including symptoms, known as long COVID. In this priority review, author presents an overview potential treatment

Language: Английский

Citations

20
A systematic review and meta-analysis, investigating dose and time of fluvoxamine treatment efficacy for COVID-19 clinical deterioration, death, and Long-COVID complications DOI Creative Commons
Mani Iyer Prasanth, Dhammika Leshan Wannigama, Angela M. Reiersen

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 12, 2024

Abstract There have been 774,075,242 cases of COVID-19 and 7,012,986 deaths worldwide as January 2024. In the early stages pandemic, there was an urgent need to reduce severity disease prevent for hospitalization avoid stress on healthcare systems worldwide. The repurposing drugs clinical deterioration patients trialed in many studies using different drugs. Fluvoxamine (an SSRI sigma-1 receptor agonist) initially identified potentially provide beneficial effects COVID-19-infected patients, preventing hospitalization. Fourteen carried out date, with seven those being randomized placebo-controlled studies. This systematic review meta-analysis covers literature from outbreak SARS-CoV-2 late 2019 until Search terms related fluvoxamine, such its trade names chemical names, along words COVID-19, coronavirus, were used databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov database NIH, identify trials subsequent analysis. Clinical death data extracted these where available meta-analysis. A total 7153 studied across 14 (both open-label double-blind placebo-controlled). 681 3553 (19.17%) standard care group 255 3600 (7.08%) fluvoxamine-treated experienced deterioration. estimated average log odds ratio 1.087 (95% CI 0.200 1.973), which differed significantly zero (z = 2.402, p 0.016). resulted a 0.359 0.1111 0.5294), 3.103, 0.002). results this study fluvoxamine effective deterioration, subgrouping analysis suggests that earlier treatment dose 200 mg or above provides best outcomes. We hope outcomes can help design future into respiratory viral infections improve

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Assessing the Effects of Metabolic Disruption, Body Mass Index and Inflammation on Depressive Symptoms in Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Vortioxetine DOI
Angela T.H. Kwan,

Ziji Guo,

Felicia Ceban

et al.

Advances in Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41(5), P. 1983 - 1994

Published: March 23, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Fluvoxamine Inhibited NLRP3 and NF‐κB Inflammatory Pathways and Maintained Genital Functions by Ameliorating CD‐MPR, KISS‐1, AQP4 and Claudin‐1 Expressions DOI Creative Commons
Şenay Topsakal, Özlem Özmen, Kadriye Nilay Özcan

et al.

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 136(3)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Fluvoxamine (FLV), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is commonly used to treat anxiety, major depressive disorder and obsessive‐compulsive disorder, among other psychiatric conditions. This study aims evaluate the effectiveness of FLV in mitigating damage caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) female genital tract. Thirty‐two Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, LPS, LPS‐FLV FLV. At end experimental period, tissues from ovaries, fallopian tubes uterus collected for histological, immunohistochemical genetic analyses. Histological examination LPS group revealed mild moderate bleeding, oedema neutrophil infiltration. Additionally, there signs endometrial loss cilia tubes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that increased expressions nuclear factor kappa beta (NF‐κB) cation‐dependent mannose 6‐phosphate receptors (CD‐MPR) reduced kisspeptin‐1 (KISS‐1) expression. Genetic indicated expression NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) aquaporin4 (AQP4) genes while decreasing Claudin‐1 However, all these adverse effects reversed treatment. The study's findings suggest may be beneficial treating LPS‐induced reproductive system.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Core Treatment Approaches for Long COVID Fatigue DOI

Thorsten Rudroff

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Antidepressants for prevention of severe COVID-19, Long COVID and outlook for other viral diseases DOI Creative Commons
Udo Bonnet, Georg Juckel, Jens Kuhn

et al.

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

OPINION article Front. Med., 20 February 2024Sec. Infectious Diseases: Pathogenesis and Therapy Volume 11 - 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1305184

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Die Bedeutung von Antidepressiva bei COVID-19 und Long-COVID – Ein Scoping-Review Update DOI
Udo Bonnet, Georg Juckel

Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

Introduction Preclinically, fluvoxamine and other antidepressants (AD) exerted antiviral anti-inflammatory properties also against SARS-COV-2. Therfore, It makes sense to test the clinical effect of AD COVID-19 Long COVID.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The Effects of SSRIs and Antipsychotics on Long COVID Development in a Large Veteran Population DOI Creative Commons
Jerry Bradley, Fei Tang, Dominique M. Tosi

et al.

COVID, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(11), P. 1694 - 1703

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

The development of Long COVID is a complex disease process that may be partially driven by neuroinflammation. Antipsychotics have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects under certain conditions. Our study aimed determine if veterans treated with antipsychotics and/or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for psychiatric condition had reduced risk developing long-term COVID. We conducted retrospective cohort two cohorts patients based on the COVID-19 wave in which patient’s initial infection occurred (Cohort 1: alpha/beta waves, and Cohort 2: delta/omicron waves) stratification age. A multivariate logistic regression model was used evaluate association between use diagnosis. In 1, antipsychotic associated 43% 34% reductions odds aged <65 >65 years, respectively. This second 11% years without an over 65 SSRIs showed no benefit either age group or cohort. results show treatment mental health reduction COVID, magnitude this varied cohorts.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Long Covid and Serious Side Reactions to mRNA-Based Vaccines (VSITV) Are Mainly Spike Protein-Induced Thrombotic Vasculitis DOI Creative Commons

Ronald Palacios Castrillo

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(03), P. 01 - 11

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Long COVID syndrome, known as COVID, refers to a series of debilitating symptoms that arise after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These are similar those experienced by some people vaccination vaccines based on mRNA platforms (Pfizer, Moderna). With more than 200 million patients worldwide and an increase in cases moderate severe reactions administration (VSITV), effects quality life economics significant, for what is necessary pay urgent attention understand its pathophysiology provide adequate diagnosis treatment. In this article, we describe our perspective both common side (VSITV) induce persistent prolonged expression spike protein (SPIKE) various tissues organs body. This would coagulopathy, microscopic vasculitis, endothelitis main drivers disease, may also cause or worsen other pathologies such mast cell activation dysautonomia, sudden deaths due arrhythmias heart attacks, reports which continue rise. Given can independently fibrinoid microclot formation, platelet activation, endothelitis, predict persistence will be key mechanism driving ongoing coagulopathy VSITV. We discuss treatment goals address vasculitis treatment, especially if given early, combination anticoagulants, antiplatelets, corticosteroids, rapamycin/everolimus, significant relief many patients. To focus these targets, propose term changed "natural Spike Protein-Induced Thrombotic Vasculitis" (NSITV) serious renamed "Vaccine Protein - Induced (VSITV). Are mainly disseminated cellular protein". ideas require testing, world tries live COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

2