Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 3625 - 3637

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on potential association between microbiota various neuropsychiatric disorders. resides in parts body, such oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, vagina. gut gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance role psychiatric neurodegenerative However, presents other tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial immune system homeostasis, thus influencing development progression For example, imbalance associated periodontitis might increase risk for Additionally, studies using postmortem brain samples have detected widespread presence bacteria brains patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This article provides an overview emerging host disorders discusses future directions, underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers microbiota, microbiota-targeted interventions, this field.

Language: Английский

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Detrimental effects of COVID-19 in the brain and therapeutic options for long COVID: The role of Epstein–Barr virus and the gut–brain axis

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(12), P. 4968 - 4976

Published: July 4, 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a serious public health burden worldwide. In addition to respiratory, heart, and gastrointestinal symptoms, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience number of persistent neurological psychiatric known as long COVID or "brain fog". Studies autopsy samples from who died COVID-19 detected the brain. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation after might play role symptoms. Moreover, alterations microbiome contribute this article, author reviews detrimental effects on brain, biological mechanisms (e.g., EBV reactivation, changes gut, nasal, oral, lung microbiomes) underlying COVID. addition, discusses potential therapeutic approaches based gut-brain axis, including plant-based diet, probiotics prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, vagus nerve stimulation, sigma-1 receptor agonist fluvoxamine.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the prevention of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 115 - 125

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

BackgroundPost-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) produce significant morbidity, prompting evaluation interventions that might lower risk. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) potentially could modulate risk PASC via their central, hypothesized immunomodulatory, and/or antiplatelet properties although clinical trial data are lacking.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted leveraging real-world within the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) to evaluate whether SSRIs with agonist activity at sigma-1 receptor (S1R) PASC, since agonism this may serve as a mechanism by which attenuate an inflammatory response. Additionally, determine potential benefit be traced S1R agonism. Presumed defined based on computable phenotype trained U09.9 ICD-10 diagnosis code.ResultsOf 17,908 patients identified, 1521 were exposed baseline SSRI, 1803 non-S1R 14,584 neither. Using inverse probability weighting Poisson regression, relative (RR) assessed.A 29% reduction in RR (0.704 [95% CI, 0.58-0.85]; P = 4 ×10-4) seen among who received SSRI compared unexposed 21% those receiving without (0.79 0.67 - 0.93]; 0.005).Thus, reported associated decrease PASC.

Language: Английский

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Ketamine and its two enantiomers in anesthesiology and psychiatry: A historical review and future directions

Journal of Anesthesia and Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 65 - 75

Published: July 11, 2024

Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is widely utilized in both human and veterinary anesthesia. Its (S)-enantiomer, esketamine, similarly employed for anesthesia analgesia. The anesthetic effects of ketamine esketamine arise from their antagonism the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). In field psychiatry, rapid-acting antidepressant properties severe depression have generated significant interest, resulting its increased off-label usage United States (U.S.). 2019, nasal spray received approval use U.S. Europe. However, concerns emerged regarding potential adverse effects, including long-term efficacy, addiction risks, suicide risk clinical settings. contrast, arketamine, (R)-enantiomer ketamine, exhibits superior longer-lasting rodent models depression, with fewer side compared to esketamine. Nevertheless, research on efficacy safety arketamine patients remains limited. This article provides concise exploration historical two enantiomers while also delving into future directions application these fields.

Language: Английский

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Early treatment with fluvoxamine, bromhexine, cyproheptadine, and niclosamide to prevent clinical deterioration in patients with symptomatic COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 102517 - 102517

Published: March 14, 2024

Repurposed drugs with host-directed antiviral and immunomodulatory properties have shown promise in the treatment of COVID-19, but few trials studied combinations these agents. The aim this trial was to assess effectiveness affordable, widely available, repurposed used combination for which may be particularly relevant low-resource countries.

Language: Английский

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SSRI Use During Acute COVID-19 Infection Associated with Lower Risk of Long COVID Among Patients with Depression

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

ABSTRACT Background Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), is a poorly understood condition with symptoms across range biological domains that often have debilitating consequences. Some recently suggested lingering SARS-CoV-2 virus in the gut may impede serotonin production and low drive many COVID systems. Therefore, selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which increase synaptic availability, prevent or treat COVID. SSRIs are commonly prescribed for depression, therefore restricting study sample to only include patients depression can reduce concern confounding by indication. Methods In an observational electronic health records from National Cohort Collaborative (N3C) diagnosis between September 1, 2021, December 2022, pre-existing major depressive disorder, leading indication SSRI use, we evaluated relationship use at time infection subsequent 12-month risk (defined ICD-10 code U09.9). We defined prescription medication beginning least 30 days before not ending infection. To minimize bias, estimated causal associations interest using nonparametric approach, targeted maximum likelihood estimation, aggressively adjust high-dimensional covariates. Results analyzed ( n = 506,903) disorder diagnosis, where 124,928 (25%) were SSRI. found users had significantly lower compared nonusers (adjusted relative 0.90, 95% CI (0.86, 0.94)). Conclusion These findings suggest during be protective against supporting hypothesis key mechanistic biomarker

Language: Английский

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Positionspapier zum Post-COVID-Syndrom

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

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Host-targeted antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 in clinical development - prospect or disappointment?

Antiviral Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 235, P. 106101 - 106101

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, has seen an unprecedented increase in development of antiviral therapies. Traditional strategies have primarily focused on direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which specifically target viral components. In recent years, increasing attention was given alternative approach aiming exploit host cellular pathways or immune responses inhibit replication, led so-called host-targeted (HTAs). emergence and promoted a boost this field. Numerous HTAs been tested demonstrated their potential against through vitro vivo studies. However, striking contrast, only limited number successfully progressed advanced clinical trial phases (2-4), even less entered practice. This review aims explore current landscape targeting that reached phase 2-4 trials. Additionally, it will challenges faced gaining regulatory approval market availability.

Language: Английский

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Eleven new metabolites of fluvoxamine detected in the solid tissues and body fluids obtained from a deceased overdosed with fluvoxamine in vivo, and the metabolites in the human liver microsomes in vitro using LC-HR–MS/MS

Forensic Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Understanding, diagnosing, and treating Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome – State of the art: Report of the 2nd international meeting at the Charité Fatigue Center

Autoimmunity Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(11), P. 103452 - 103452

Published: Sept. 23, 2023

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a devastating disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Due to the 2019 pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19), we are facing significant increase ME/CFS prevalence. On May 11th 12th, 2023, second international conference Charité Center was held in Berlin, Germany, focusing on pathomechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. During two-day conference, more than 100 researchers from various research fields met on-site over 700 attendees participated online discuss state art novel findings this field. Key topics included: role immune system, dysfunction endothelial autonomic nervous viral reactivation. Furthermore, there were presentations innovative diagnostic measures assessments for complex disease, cutting-edge treatment approaches, clinical studies. Despite increased public attention due COVID-19 pandemic, subsequent rise Long cases, funding opportunities unravel pathomechanisms underlying ME/CFS, severe remains highly underresearched. Future adequately funded efforts needed further explore etiology identify markers targeted therapies.

Language: Английский

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