Exercise training maintains cardiovascular health: signaling pathways involved and potential therapeutics

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Exercise training has been widely recognized as a healthy lifestyle well an effective non-drug therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Functional and mechanistic studies that employ animal exercise models observational interventional cohort with human participants, have contributed considerably in delineating the essential signaling pathways by which promotes fitness health. First, this review summarizes beneficial impact of on multiple aspects We then discuss detail mediating exercise's benefits The exercise-regulated cascades shown to confer myocardial protection drive systemic adaptations. molecules are necessary exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy potential attenuate injury reverse remodeling. Exercise-regulated noncoding RNAs their associated also discussed roles mechanisms cardioprotective effects. Moreover, we address exercise-mediated can serve targets ranging from pharmacological approaches gene therapies CVD. factors influence effect highlight importance need further investigations regarding biomarkers CVD cross talk between heart other tissues or organs during exercise. conclude deep understanding involved health will undoubtedly contribute identification development novel strategies

Language: Английский

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Microbiota revolution: How gut microbes regulate our lives

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(28), P. 4368 - 4383

Published: July 26, 2023

The human intestine is a natural environment ecosystem of complex diversified and dynamic microorganisms, determined through process competition selection during life. Those intestinal microorganisms called microbiota are involved in variety mechanisms the organism, they interact with host therefore contact organs various systems. However, play crucial role maintaining homeostasis, also influencing its behaviour. Thus, perform series biological functions important for well-being. provides nutrients, simultaneously drawing many benefits such as their contribution to metabolic, trophic, immunological, other functions. For these reasons it has been reported that quantitative qualitative composition can protective or harmful on health. Therefore, dysbiosis lead an association unfavourable factors which dysregulation physiological processes homeostasis. pre-viously noted gut participate pathogenesis autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, diabetes mellitus, obesity atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (e.g., autism, etc.) colorectal cancer, more.

Language: Английский

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The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 10322 - 10322

Published: June 19, 2023

Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding microbiota. Although composition/function intestinal appears to affect central nervous (CNS) activities through multiple mechanisms, accurate epidemiological evidence clearly explains connection between CNS pathology and dysbiosis is not yet available. The enteric (ENS) a separate branch autonomic (ANS) largest part peripheral (PNS). It composed vast complex network neurons which communicate via several neuromodulators neurotransmitters, like those found CNS. Interestingly, despite its tight connections both PNS ANS, ENS also capable some independent activities. This concept, together suggested role played microorganisms metabolome onset progression neurological (neurodegenerative, autoimmune) psychopathological (depression, disorders, autism) diseases, large number investigations exploring functional physiopathological implications microbiota/brain axis.

Language: Английский

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Targeting the gut microbiota-related metabolites for osteoporosis: The inextricable connection of gut-bone axis

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 102196 - 102196

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mind, Mood and Microbiota—Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3340 - 3340

Published: March 15, 2024

Psychiatric disorders represent a primary source of disability worldwide, manifesting as disturbances in individuals’ cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and behavioral patterns. In the quest to discover novel therapies expand boundaries neuropharmacology, studies from field have highlighted gut microbiota’s role modulating these disorders. These alterations may influence brain’s processes through brain–gut axis, multifaceted bidirectional system that establishes connection between enteric central nervous systems. Thus, probiotic prebiotic supplements are meant overall health play an insightful alleviating psychiatric symptoms, such templates major depressive disorder, anxiety, or schizophrenia. Moreover, administration psychotropic drugs has been revealed induce specific changes microbiome’s diversity, suggesting their potential utility combating bacterial infections. This review emphasizes intricate correlations microbiota, mentioning promising approaches regard modulation treatments, well antimicrobial effects medication.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome: linking dietary fiber to inflammatory diseases

Medicine in Microecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 100070 - 100070

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Dietary fiber intake in humans is nowadays substantially decreased as compared to the communities of ancestral populations. Accompanying that, incidences inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), allergy, and other autoimmune diseases are steadily increasing over past 60 years, especially high-income countries, which partly attributed changing dietary habit modern societies. Chronic inflammation triggered by immune disorders central part pathophysiology various non-communicable diseases. inexorably linked gut microbiome leading reduction inflammation. This review explores how fibers modulate microbiota composition function alteration host physiology. High-fiber regime has been consistently shown increase alpha diversity short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria human gut. SCFAs main players interplay between diet, microbiota, health. In clinical settings, therapies with high or SCFA supplementations proposed for However, due greater variations dosage, type, duration intervention different trials, effects remain controversial. Unraveling mechanisms exerted synergy holds a promising prospect guiding next-generation precision therapies.

Language: Английский

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Irinotecan-gut microbiota interactions and the capability of probiotics to mitigate Irinotecan-associated toxicity

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 2, 2023

Abstract Background Irinotecan is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat variety of tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In the intestine, it transformed into SN-38 by gut microbial enzymes, which responsible for its toxicity during excretion. Objective Our study highlights impact on microbiota composition and role probiotics in limiting Irinotecan-associated diarrhea suppressing bacterial β-glucuronidase enzymes. Material methods To investigate effect composition, we applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing three groups stool samples from healthy individuals, colon cancer, treated patients ( n = 5/group). Furthermore, Lactobacillus spp.; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) , acidophilus acidophilus) Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus L. rhamnosus) were single mixed form in-vitro explore expression E. coli . Also, introduced forms mice before administration Irinotecan, their protective effects explored assessing level reactive oxidative species (ROS) as well studying concomitant intestinal inflammation apoptosis. Results The was disturbed individuals with after treatment. group, Firmicutes more abundant than Bacteriodetes, opposite case colon-cancer or groups. Actinobacteria Verrucomicrobia markedly present within while Cyanobacteria noted Irinotecan-treated Enterobacteriaceae genus Dialister group other abundance Veillonella Clostridium Butryicicoccus, Prevotella increased compared Using spp. mixture models significantly relieved Irinotecan-induced through reduction both ROS, addition guarding epithelium against dysbiosis proliferative crypt injury. Conclusions Irinotecan-based chemotherapy altered microbiota. participates greatly determining efficacy chemotherapies, caused ß-glucuronidase can now be aimed modulated promote decrease chemotherapeutics. probiotic regimen this lowered mucositis, stress, cellular inflammation, apoptotic cascade induction Irinotecan.

Language: Английский

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The roles of gut microbiota and its metabolites in diabetic nephropathy

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 27, 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes, which increases the risk renal failure and causes high global disease burden. Due to lack sustainable treatment, DN has become primary cause end-stage worldwide. Gut microbiota its metabolites exert critical regulatory functions in maintaining host health are associated with many pathogenesis aging-related chronic diseases. Currently, theory gut–kidney axis opened novel angle understand relationship between gut multiple kidney In recent years, accumulating evidence revealed that their play an essential role pathophysiologic processes through axis. this review, we summarize current investigations microbial involvement progression DN, further discuss potential microbiota-targeted therapeutic approaches for DN.

Language: Английский

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An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1486 - 1486

Published: June 30, 2023

This article is intended to deepen our knowledge date regarding the functions of resident microbiota/microbiome in urinary system for human health and disease. First, we sought report general characteristics (composition stability) normal microbiota different anatomical sites relation some factors such as effect age, gender diet, analyzing detail composition light current knowledge. Several pieces evidence suggest importance preserving micro-ecosystem system, cases their relationship with diseases important maintaining well understood. The female male reproductive have mainly been studied over past decade. In past, arrest was thought taken place a sterile environment. Microorganisms form biofilms, three-dimensional structures, that differ organs interact both gametes embryo maternal tissues. These biofilms from also others, gastrointestinal tract. Reduction its diversity intestinal can disrupt estrogen metabolism affect microbiota. It therefore understood quantitative qualitative identification microbiota, but study structures formed by microorganisms. A dysbiosis local or systemic causes lead serious diseases. role probiotics microbial population harmony (eubiosis) preventing certain pathologies investigated. negative variation strains microorganisms (dysbiosis) due even healthy balance microorganism populations (eubiosis), thus prevention has studied.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota-host lipid crosstalk in Alzheimer’s disease: implications for disease progression and therapeutics

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: April 16, 2024

Abstract Trillions of intestinal bacteria in the human body undergo dynamic transformations response to physiological and pathological changes. Alterations their composition metabolites collectively contribute progression Alzheimer’s disease. The role gut microbiota disease is diverse complex, evidence suggests lipid metabolism may be one potential pathways. However, mechanisms that mediate pathology remain unclear, necessitating further investigation for clarification. This review highlights current understanding how disrupts discusses implications these discoveries guiding strategies prevention or treatment based on existing data.

Language: Английский

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