Zinc deficiency as a possible risk factor for increased susceptibility and severe progression of Corona Virus Disease 19 DOI Creative Commons
Inga Weßels, Benjamin Rolles, Alan Slusarenko

et al.

British Journal Of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 127(2), P. 214 - 232

Published: March 1, 2021

Abstract The importance of Zn for human health becomes obvious during deficiency. Even mild insufficiencies cause alterations in haematopoiesis and immune functions, resulting a proinflammatory phenotype disturbed redox metabolism. Although system malfunction has the most effect, functions several tissue cell types are if supply is limiting. Adhesion molecules tight junction proteins decrease, while death increases, generating barrier dysfunction possibly organ failure. Taken together, deficiency both weakens resistance body towards pathogens at same time increases danger an overactive response that may damage. case numbers Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) still increasing, which causing enormous problems systems economies. There urgent need to reduce number severe cases deaths. While therapeutic options under investigation, first vaccines have been approved, cost-effective ways likelihood or even prevent infection, transition from symptoms more serious detrimental disease, highly desirable. Nutritional supplementation might be effective option achieve these aims. In this review, we discuss known effects context infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 its currently pathogenic mechanisms elaborate on how pre-existing pre-dispose patients progression COVID-19. First published clinical data association homoeostasis COVID-19 registered studies progress listed.

Language: Английский

Treatment for COVID-19: An overview DOI Open Access
Cristina Stasi,

Silvia Fallani,

Fabio Voller

et al.

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 889, P. 173644 - 173644

Published: Oct. 11, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

330
Role of corticosteroid in the management of COVID-19: A systemic review and a Clinician’s perspective DOI Open Access
Awadhesh Kumar Singh, Sujoy Majumdar, Ritu Singh

et al.

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 971 - 978

Published: June 27, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

228
Dexamethasone: Therapeutic potential, risks, and future projection during COVID-19 pandemic DOI Open Access
Sobia Noreen, Irsah Maqbool, Asadullah Madni

et al.

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 894, P. 173854 - 173854

Published: Jan. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

167
Putative roles of vitamin D in modulating immune response and immunopathology associated with COVID-19 DOI Open Access
Raman Kumar,

Himani Rathi,

Afrozul Haq

et al.

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 292, P. 198235 - 198235

Published: Nov. 21, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

152
Treating the Side Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoids; Can We Separate the Good From the Bad? DOI Creative Commons
Riccardo Pofi, Giorgio Caratti, David Ray

et al.

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(6), P. 975 - 1011

Published: May 30, 2023

Abstract It is estimated that 2% to 3% of the population are currently prescribed systemic or topical glucocorticoid treatment. The potent anti-inflammatory action glucocorticoids deliver therapeutic benefit not in doubt. However, side effects associated with their use, including central weight gain, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and osteoporosis, often collectively termed iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, a significant health economic burden. precise cellular mechanisms underpinning differential drive desirable undesirable still completely understood. Faced unmet clinical need limit glucocorticoid-induced adverse alongside ensuring preservation actions, several strategies have been pursued. coprescription existing licensed drugs treat incident can be effective, but data examining prevention limited. Novel selective receptor agonists modulators designed aim specifically selectively activate responses based upon interaction receptor. Several these compounds trials evaluate efficacy. More recently, exploiting tissue-specific metabolism through isoforms 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase has shown early potential, although from any treatment maximize while minimizing risk, within this review we define effect profile use current developing preserve

Language: Английский

Citations

70
The roles of critical pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the drive of cytokine storm during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection DOI Creative Commons
Muhammad Suhaib Qudus, Mingfu Tian,

Summan Sirajuddin

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(4)

Published: April 1, 2023

Abstract In patients with severe COVID‐19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction (MODS), and even mortality can result from cytokine storm, which is a hyperinflammatory medical condition caused by the excessive uncontrolled release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. High levels numerous crucial cytokines, such as interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐2, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon (IFN)‐γ, IFN‐induced protein 10 kDa, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, IL‐10 so on, have been found in COVID‐19. They participate cascade amplification pathways responses through complex inflammatory networks. Here, we review involvements these critical cytokines SARS‐CoV‐2 infection discuss their potential roles triggering or regulating help to understand pathogenesis So far, there rarely effective therapeutic strategy for storm besides using glucocorticoids, proved fatal side effects. Clarifying key involved network will develop an ideal intervention, neutralizing antibody certain inhibitor some signal pathways.

Language: Английский

Citations

50
Sex Disparities in COVID-19 Severity and Outcome: Are Men Weaker or Women Stronger? DOI Creative Commons
Rosario Pivonello,

Renata S. Auriemma,

Claudia Pivonello

et al.

Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 111(11), P. 1066 - 1085

Published: Nov. 26, 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global public health issue which has profound effects on most aspects of societal well-being, including physical and mental health. A plethora studies globally have suggested the existence sex disparity in severity outcome COVID-19 patients, mainly due to mechanisms virus infection, immune response virus, development systemic inflammation, consequent complications, particularly thromboembolism. Epidemiological data report difference COVID-19, with more favorable course women compared men regardless age, although rate SARS-CoV-2 infection seems be similar both sexes. Sex hormones, androgens estrogens, may not only impact entry load, but also shape clinical manifestations, ultimately disease. current review comprehensively summarizes literature disparities susceptibility as well underpinning pathophysiological molecular mechanisms, provide rationale disparity. These include hormone influence factors that facilitate priming, inflammatory response, coagulation thrombosis diathesis. Based present evidence, appear relatively protected from because effective less pronounced moderate manifestations disease, together lesser predisposition Conversely, susceptible greater In elderly, generally characterized phenomenon inflammaging, overall mortality following are even palpable elderly prone infections, weaker defense, an enhanced thrombotic state women. information revealed highlights potential novel therapeutic approaches employing administration hormonal or antihormonal therapy combination antiviral drugs patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

124
COVID-19 and endocrine and metabolic diseases. An updated statement from the European Society of Endocrinology DOI Creative Commons
Manel Puig‐Domingo, Mónica Marazuela, Bülent Okan Yıldız

et al.

Endocrine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 72(2), P. 301 - 316

Published: May 1, 2021

COVID-19 has completely changed our daily clinical practice as well social relations. Many organs and biological systems are involved in SARS-Cov-2 infection, either due to direct virus-induced damage or indirect effects that can have systemic consequences. Endocrine system is not only an exception but its involvement so relevant "endocrine phenotype" of progressively acquired relevance.

Language: Английский

Citations

100
COVID-19 and the Endocrine System: A Comprehensive Review on the Theme DOI Open Access
Giuseppe Lisco, Anna De Tullio,

Assunta Stragapede

et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(13), P. 2920 - 2920

Published: June 29, 2021

The review aimed to summarize advances in the topic of endocrine diseases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Scientific institutional websites databases were searched data collected organized, when plausible, angle discussion toward following clinical issues. (1) Are patients with COVID-19 at higher risk developing acute or late-onset dysfunction? (2) May underlying dysfunctions be considered factors for poor prognosis once infection has occurred? (3) there defined strategies manage despite pandemic-related constraints? Herein, authors only relevant more frequently observed disorders related hypothalamic-pituitary region, thyroid parathyroid glands, calcium-phosphorus homeostasis osteoporosis, adrenal gonads. Main. Data highlight basis some pathophysiological mechanisms anatomical alterations Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced dysfunctions. Some conditions, such as insufficiency cortisol excess, may worse progression occurred. These at-risk populations require adequate education avoid SARS-CoV-2 adequately medical therapy during pandemic, even emergencies. Endocrine management underwent a palpable restraint, especially procedures requiring obligate access healthcare facilities diagnostic therapeutic purposes. Strategies triage prioritize consultations, laboratory, instrumental evaluations, digital telehealth solutions should implemented better deal this probably long-term situation.

Language: Английский

Citations

93
PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF INFECTION CAUSED BY SARS-COV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Е А Коган,

Yu.S. Berezovsky,

Д. Д. Проценко

et al.

Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 8 - 30

Published: July 1, 2020

Autopsy data from 80 patients who died of the COVID-19 infection were analysed. Using macro- and microscopic studies, specific features pathological processes in various organs identified. The obtained experimental data, along with information literature sources, allowed conclusions to be drawn about mechanisms damaging internal body systems, as well assumptions made individual links pathogenesis COVID-19. thanatogenesis disease main causes death are discussed, including acute cardiopulmonary failure, renal pulmonary thromboembolism, shock involving multiple organ failure sepsis. critical importance autopsy is emphasized, which provides valuable on morphological substrate for this closely associated possible clinical manifestations.

Language: Английский

Citations

77