Zinc deficiency as a possible risk factor for increased susceptibility and severe progression of Corona Virus Disease 19 DOI Creative Commons
Inga Weßels, Benjamin Rolles, Alan Slusarenko

et al.

British Journal Of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 127(2), P. 214 - 232

Published: March 1, 2021

Abstract The importance of Zn for human health becomes obvious during deficiency. Even mild insufficiencies cause alterations in haematopoiesis and immune functions, resulting a proinflammatory phenotype disturbed redox metabolism. Although system malfunction has the most effect, functions several tissue cell types are if supply is limiting. Adhesion molecules tight junction proteins decrease, while death increases, generating barrier dysfunction possibly organ failure. Taken together, deficiency both weakens resistance body towards pathogens at same time increases danger an overactive response that may damage. case numbers Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) still increasing, which causing enormous problems systems economies. There urgent need to reduce number severe cases deaths. While therapeutic options under investigation, first vaccines have been approved, cost-effective ways likelihood or even prevent infection, transition from symptoms more serious detrimental disease, highly desirable. Nutritional supplementation might be effective option achieve these aims. In this review, we discuss known effects context infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 its currently pathogenic mechanisms elaborate on how pre-existing pre-dispose patients progression COVID-19. First published clinical data association homoeostasis COVID-19 registered studies progress listed.

Language: Английский

Preliminary Guidelines for the Clinical Evaluation and Management of Long COVID DOI Creative Commons
Yoonjung Kim, Seong Eun Kim, Tark Kim

et al.

Infection and Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54(3), P. 566 - 566

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Long-lasting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms beyond 12 weeks, the so-called 'long COVID' have been increasingly reported worldwide. Long COVID can be manifested in various forms, and there is an increasing demand for proper assessment management. However, it challenging when trying to determine best-practice standards of care based on current evidence because no internationally agreed clinical definition or clear treatment pathway. Therefore, present guidelines drafted provide advice diagnosis management latest updated available consensus expert opinion. So far, standard test drug strongly recommended patients with long a lack evidence. The key questions, including appropriate interventions that used practice. Continuous careful observation studies related are needed long-term impact COVID-19 determined.

Language: Английский

Citations

55
Endocrine complications of COVID-19: what happens to the thyroid and adrenal glands? DOI Creative Commons
Giuseppe Bellastella, Maria Ida Maiorino, Katherine Esposito

et al.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43(8), P. 1169 - 1170

Published: June 1, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

66
Targeting the NO‐cGMP‐PDE5 pathway in COVID‐19 infection. The DEDALO project DOI Open Access
Andrea M. Isidori, Elisa Giannetta, Riccardo Pofi

et al.

Andrology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 33 - 38

Published: June 11, 2020

Abstract Background A pandemic outbreak of COVID‐19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins as a respiratory infection that, mainly in men with diabetes or renal impairment, evolves into systemic disease, SARDS, progressive endothelial cell damage, abnormal clotting and impaired cardiovascular liver function. Some clinical trials are testing biological drugs to limit immune system dysregulation, “cytokines storm,” that causes complications COVID‐19. The contraindications these their cost raise concerns over implications widespread availability. Objectives Numerous experimental studies have revealed role for nitric oxide (NO)‐cyclic GMP‐phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway modulating low‐grade inflammation patients metabolic diseases, offering protection. PDE5 inhibition favors an anti‐inflammatory response by activated T cells, reducing cytokine release, lowering fibrosis, increasing oxygen diffusion, stimulating vascular repair. is highly expressed lungs, where its improves pulmonary complication severe disease. Materials methods We performed systematic review all evidence documenting any involvement NO‐cGMP‐PDE5 axis pathophysiology COVID‐19, presenting ongoing aimed at this axis, including our own “silDEnafil administration DiAbetic dysmetaboLic (DEDALO trial).” Results reviewed suggests inhibitors could offer new strategy managing (i) counteracting Ang‐II‐mediated downregulation AT‐1 receptor; (ii) acting on monocyte switching, thus pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interstitial infiltration vessel damage responsible alveolar hemorrhage‐necrosis; (iii) inhibiting transition smooth muscle cells mesenchymal artery, preventing thrombotic complications. Discussion Conclusion If presented herein should provide positive findings, low cost, wide availability temperature stability make them major resource combat developing countries.

Language: Английский

Citations

57
Therapy options for adrenal insufficiency and recommendations for the management of adrenal crisis DOI Creative Commons
H. Nowotny, S. Faisal Ahmed, Sophie Bensing

et al.

Endocrine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71(3), P. 586 - 594

Published: March 1, 2021

Abstract Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening condition requiring life-long glucocorticoid (GC) substitution therapy, as well stress adaptation to prevent adrenal crises. The number of individuals with primary and secondary in Europe estimated be 20–50/100.000. A growing AI cases are due side effects GC treatment used different strategies for cancer immunotherapy treatment. benefit hormone replacement therapy evident but long-term adverse may arise the non-physiological doses regimens used. Given multiple formulations available comprising short-acting, intermediate, long-acting novel modified-release hydrocortisone subcutaneous formulations, this review offers concise summary on latest therapeutic improvements prevention As availability various access expert centers across varies widely, European Reference Networks rare endocrine conditions aim at harmonizing ensure specialized patient care individual case-by-case decisions. To improve cost effective oral parenteral will save lives.

Language: Английский

Citations

54
Glucocorticoid excess and COVID-19 disease DOI Creative Commons
Valentina Guarnotta, Rosario Ferrigno, Marianna Martino

et al.

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 703 - 714

Published: Oct. 6, 2020

Abstract The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is causing high and rapid morbidity mortality. Immune system response plays crucial role in controlling resolving the viral infection. Exogenous or endogenous glucocorticoid excess characterized increased susceptibility to infections, due impairment innate adaptive immune system. In addition, diabetes, hypertension, obesity thromboembolism are conditions overrepresented patients with hypercortisolism. Thus chronic (GC) may be at risk developing COVID-19 infection clinical course. Care control all comorbidities should one primary goals hypercortisolism requiring immediate aggressive treatment. European Society Endocrinology (ESE), has recently commissioned an urgent guidance document on management Cushing’s period. this review, we aim discuss expand some points related GC that have impact infection, terms both contagion outcome. This addressed specialists who approach exogenous

Language: Английский

Citations

53
Early recovery patterns of olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients; a clinical cohort study DOI Open Access
Mohamed Amer, Hossam S. Elsherif, Ahmed S. Abdelhamid

et al.

American Journal of Otolaryngology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(6), P. 102725 - 102725

Published: Sept. 14, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

51
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Immune-mediated Rheumatic Diseases. Recommendations of the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia DOI Creative Commons
Е. Л. Насонов, А. М. Лила, Mazurov Vi

et al.

Rheumatology Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 59(3), P. 239 - 254

Published: July 15, 2021

In mid-2021, the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory coronavirus 2) infection, which caused disease (COVID-19) pandemic, affected more than 157 million people in all regions of world and led to 3.2 deaths. It is assumed that elderly age, uncontrolled inflammation, anti-inflammatory therapy, comorbid pathology, genetic other factors can potentially lead an increase “sensitivity” viral bacterial infections, including SARS-CoV-2. The new version recommendations Association Rheumatologists Russia formulates main provisions concerning tactics managing patients with Immune-mediated Rheumatic Diseases during ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

50
Corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent DOI Creative Commons
Vijay K. Patel, Ekta Shirbhate, Preeti Patel

et al.

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 occurrence as a global pandemic in March 2020. treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients is based on experience gained from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection during 2003. There no clinically accepted therapeutic drug(s) accessible yet for COVID-19. Main body Corticosteroids, i.e., dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone prednisone are used alone or combination moderate, severe critically infected who hospitalized require supplemental oxygen per current management strategies guidelines published by National Institutes Health. Corticosteroids recorded WHO model list essential medicines easily worldwide at cheaper cost multiple formulations various dosage forms. Corticosteroid can be all age group patients, children, adult, elderly pregnancy breastfeeding women. have potent anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive effects both primary secondary immune cells, thereby reducing generation proinflammatory cytokines chemokines lowering activation T monocytes macrophages. corticosteroids should not non-severe because suppress response reduce symptoms associated side such slow recovery, bacterial infections, hypokalemia, mucormycosis finally increase chances death. Conclusion Intensive research corticosteroid therapy urgently needed to elucidate their mechanisms importance contributing toward successful prevention approaches. Hence, this review emphasizes recent advancement defining overcoming pandemic, mechanism, efficacy extent patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

41
Lipid rafts as viral entry routes and immune platforms: A double-edged sword in SARS-CoV-2 infection? DOI Open Access
Rossana Roncato, Jacopo Angelini, Arianna Pani

et al.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1867(6), P. 159140 - 159140

Published: March 4, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

31
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and the Endocrine System DOI Creative Commons
Michelle D. Lundholm, Caroline Poku,

Nicholas Emanuele

et al.

Journal of the Endocrine Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(11)

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Abstract As SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) overtakes the world, causing moderate to severe disease in about 15% of infected patients, COVID-19 is also found have widespread effects throughout body with a myriad clinical manifestations including endocrine system. This manuscript reviews what known impact on pathophysiology and management diabetes (both outpatient inpatient) as well pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, bone, gonadal function. Findings this area are evolving, long-term infection remain an active further research.

Language: Английский

Citations

49